（一）无灵主语1、心理，情绪：(a burst/wave/sense) +情感名词+有灵动词+sb.（1）Mary felt a wave of anger sweep over her.玛丽感到一阵愤怒。（2）Guilt and worry flooded over her. 内疚和担忧一阵阵涌上她的心头。（3）Before the competition her confidence suddenly failed her。她在比赛前突然失去了信心。2、主语是表示身体部位/音容笑貌的名词+有灵动词（1）My fingers shook with anger, so that I could not go on sewing.我气得手指发抖,没法继续缝了。（2）I was relieved when a bright, sweet voice interrupted us.（3）The moment he saw the familiar handwriting, tears welled up in his eyes.他一看到熟悉的字迹,便泪如泉涌3、The sight/thought . of sth.+made sb.+表情感的形容词/filled sb. with+表情感的名词常见的表示行为或动作的名词有:sight, thought, sense, visit, arrival等。谓语:send, remind, embarrass, bore, drive (驱使)等动词。（1）The thought of getting lost in such darkness filled us with worry and fearAt the thought of homework, I frowned.（2）表自然现象等的名词+有灵动词The thick fog blanketed the field. 浓雾笼罩着整个大地。（3）表时间和地点的名词+witnessed/found/saw+名词The following year saw the death of his mother. 第二年他的妈妈去世了。The path led us to an ancient town. 沿着小路,我们来到一个古镇。4、无生命事物做主语，用于结尾（1）The words still lingered in ones mind. 那些话还萦绕在心头（2）The experience enlightened him that. 这段经历让他明白.（3）The story taught us that never should we judge a book by its cover.（二）定语从句1、名词/代词+that/who/where .等引导的定语从句名词/代词指物时,用that/which, 指人时用that/who/whom,指地点/时间时,从句中缺状语,分别用where, when, 名词是reason,从句中缺状语用why。（1）He took her down to a room where there were books and pictures.（2）She looked at the presents for her mother which were in a basket under a chair.2、名词/代词, which/who/where/as .等引导的非限制性定语从句主句与从句用逗号隔开。which可译为“这一点”, as引导该句式意为“正如”。（1）Hannah, who had brought wood, made a fire.汉娜带来了木柴,燃起了炉火。（2）He kept a perfectly calm tone, which calmed me down他的语气非常平静,这使我平静下来。3、主句, whose+表身体部位的名词+谓语动词 whose+ n.作定语（1）The twins gazed at their mother, whose eyes were filled with tears of joy.（三）状语从句1、形容词(短语), 主+谓 表达人物做某动作的原因、结果或状态,可放在句首或句末,增强感染力。（1）Exhausted, he flopped down into a chair.他筋疲力尽,一屁股坐到椅子上。（2）Eager to see her beloved daughter, the woman quickened her pace towards the building.（因为）急于见到她心爱的女儿，这位妇女加快步伐向那座建筑物走去。2 、as/though引导的让步状语从句（1）Hard as he worked, he still couldnt catch up with the rest of the class.尽管他很努力，但他仍然赶不上班上的其他同学。（2）Brave as he appeared, he was actually trembling with fear inside.尽管他看起来很勇敢，但内心实际上在因害怕而颤抖。（四）非谓语1、 V-ing,主句或者主句, V-ing. (两动作同时发生)Shouting for help, he ran towards the nearest house. 他大声呼救着，跑向最近的房子。Feeling ecstatic,she dashed out of the room like a wind. 她(感到)欣喜若狂，像风一样冲出了房间。He ran across the finish line, grinning with pride and joy.他跑过终点线时，骄傲和喜悦的笑容洋溢在脸上。2、Having done sth, 主句. (两动作先后发生)（1）Having waved goodbye, she turned and walked away.挥手告别后，她转身离去。（2）Having finished the work, he felt a great sense of achievement.完成这项工作后，他感到了一种巨大的成就感。3、V-ed,主句，V-ing. (情绪形容词+2个动作)Relieved and overjoyed,we yelled at the helicopter,trying to catch its attention.我们松了一口气，欣喜若狂，对直升机大喊大叫，试图引起它的注意。Regretful and embarrassed. I admitted the lack of consideration, longing for another chance to make it up. 遗憾和尴尬，我承认缺乏考虑，渴望再有一次机会来弥补。（五）独立主格结构1、逻辑主语+非谓语(ing/ed/to do), 主句.（With）tears welling up in his eyes , he thanked the police in a trembling voice.（With）With everything well prepared, they carried the breakfast upstairs.（With）With loads of homework to do, I had no option but to deal with it.2、独立主格-常用肢体语言：Eyes filled with tears，sb did sth. (眼里被泪水填满，某人做某事)Face blushing scarlet, he apologized for what he had lone. (羞愧脸红，道歉)Her heart burning with frustration，she did sth.(内心因沮丧而燃烧煎熬，她.)（六）巧用with复合结构1、with+情感名词/with ones eyes full of/filled with +(tears of+)情感名词,主+谓如with delight/anger/terror“高兴地/生气地/惊恐地”等或with ones eyes full of/filled with happiness“双眸里满是喜悦”等作伴随状语,可使描写更生动。（1）Mrs. Fairfax announced with great excitement that she was planning a house-party.（2）He froze, with his eyes full of horror. 他呆住了,眼里满是恐惧。2、with+sth.+doing/done/to do +主+谓 该结构表原因、结果或伴随状态。如with a wave of excitement welling up inside her“一阵激动涌上心头”。（1）He stood silently, with tears rolling down his cheeks.他静静地站着,眼泪流下他的脸颊。（2）With her plan ruined, she let out/uttered a cry of anger她的计划被毁,她愤怒地大叫一声。3、 with+(形容词)+身体部位的名词+主+谓如with her pale lips“用她苍白的嘴唇”, with her trembling hand“用她颤抖的手”等。（1）He opened the door with a shaking hand.他用颤抖的手打开了门。（七）名词性从句添亮点1、 主语从句（1）That/Whether/Wh-等引导的主语从句+谓语What interested us most were three crosses in red ink.我们最感兴趣的是用红墨水画的三个叉。（2）it形式主语的主语从句: it be+adj.(clear/obvious.)+that从句It was obvious that she could do nothing but wait.2、宾语从句（1）主语+谓语+that/what/whether.+宾语从句从句作宾语,位于及物动词、动词短语、形容词或介词(短语)之后,如表“是否”用if/whether引导。Jo discovered that Laurie loved books as much as she did.琼发现罗瑞和她一样爱书。3、表语从句（1）主语+系动词+that/what/when.+表语从句it seems/looks as if/though“看似”。The fact is that a small smile may make a big difference.事实是一个小小的微笑可能会有很大的不同。4、同位语从句（1）名词+that/whether/wh-等引导的同位语从句该句式中的名词通常是表事实的抽象名词,如fact, hope, idea, news, thought, advice, doubt等。I rece