Natural DisasternEarthquakenVolcano eruptionnTyphoonnForest firenTsunaminPlagueEarthquakeHowHarmfulEarthquakeis?20085.12WenchuanEarthquakemagnitude8.0Morethan69000died18000disappearedDirecteconomylost:845billion20113.14JapanEarthquakemagnitude9.0Morethan14,000died10,000disappearedMorethan11,000becomehomelessNuclearleak(核泄漏)BasicKnowledgeaboutEarthquakeEarthquake：resultofasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarthCrust(地壳)thatcreatesseismicwaves(地震波).Measuredbyenergyitreleased,Richtermagnitudescale（里氏地震级）.TypesofEarthquakeFault(断层)types:normal,reverse(thrust)andstrike-slipDepthofearthquakeoccurring:Shallow-focus(lessthan70km)mid-focus(70-300km)deep-focus(300to700km)ShakingandgroundruptureLandslidesandavalanches（山体滑坡、雪崩）FiresSoilliquefaction（地陷）Tsunami（海啸）FloodsEffectsofEarthquakeEarthquakesafetytipsIfyouareindoors：staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.Ifyouarecooking：turnoffthestoveandtakecover.Ifyouareoutdoors：movetoanopenareaIfyouaredriving：slowdownsmoothlyandstoponthesideoftheroadThanks！Volcano eruptionTheWordVolcanoThewordvolcanocomesfromtheRomangodoffire,Vulcan.Structureofvolcano单击此处添加内容TypesofVolcanoes单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容Below:MountKilauea,HawaiiCinderVolcanoesCinderVolcanoes单击此处添加内容CompositeVolcanoesCompositeVolcanoes单击此处添加内容VolcanoHazardsVolcanoHazards单击此处添加内容VolcanobenefitsVolcanobenefits黑曜石、浮石黑曜石、浮石熔岩中的气体嗝熔岩中的气体嗝火火山山温温泉泉羊羊八八井井地地热热站站VolcanoinChina单击此处添加内容云南腾冲火山国家地质公园长白山天池火山台湾龟山岛火山海南琼北火山VolcanoinuniverseQuestion:Question:Whatisthebiggest(shield)volcanobiggest(shield)volcanoinourSolarSystem?SolarSystem?Answer:OlympusMons(Answer:OlympusMons(onplanetMars)Mars)珠穆朗玛峰和珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较规模比较Volcanoinuniverse珠穆朗玛峰和珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较规模比较THANKYOU!TyphoneTyphoonThe Name of TyphoonTyphoonisfromGreekword(typhein),meaningtosmoke.InGreekmythology,typheinisGaiasson,whichisaMonsterwithonehundredheads.Different callsTherearemanycallsof“Typhoon”indifferentplaces.WesternNorthPacificandSouthChinaSeacalledTyphoon.WesternAtlantic,Caribbean,GulfofMexicoandtheeasternNorthPacificcalledHurricanesIndianOceanCyclone.PhilippinescalledBaguio.AustralianaboriginescalledthetyphoonWilly-Willy.The Form of TyphoonSixmainrequirementsfortyphoonformationanddevelopment:sufficientlywarmseasurfacetemperaturesatmosphericinstabilityhighhumidityinthelowertomiddlelevelsofthetroposphereenoughCoriolisforcetodevelopalowpressurecenterapre-existinglowlevelfocusordisturbancelowverticalwindshear.Peak Monthes and the Landing AreaThetyphoonsofChinamostlycomefromthenorthwesternPacificocean.ThelandingtimemostlyfromJulytoNovember.TheearlistonewouldlandinMay,whilethelastoneofenoccursinDecember.ThelandingareaisalmostthroughouttheentirecoastalareaofChina,especillyinSoutheastChina.Guangdongisacoastalregionwiththehighestnumberoftyphoon,followedbyTaiwan,Hainan,FujianandZhejiang.The Destruction from TyphoonThe Destruction from TyphoonCausewaterloggingandfloodingTrafficgridlockInundatedfarmland,grainreductioninproductionorcropsDestructionofthepowersupplysystem,resultinginpoweroutagesDestructionofurbangreensystemName10typhoonnamespresentedbytheChinese:DragonKing,(Sun)monkey,rabbit,petrels,Aeolus,Poseidon,Rhododendron,electricmother,hippocampus,begonia.龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电母、海马母、海马、海棠海棠Thesenamesshowfewdisastermeanings.Onthecontrast,mostofthenarewithmeaningofcivilizationandpeace,suchasjasmine,rose,pearls,lotus,cloudsandsoon.Whenthetyphoonmakesseriousdamageinsomeareas,thecountryorregioncanpresentanewnameinstead.Forest FireForest FireTypes of forest fire lsurface fire (地表火地表火)lcanopy fire (林冠火林冠火)lsubsurface fire (地下火地下火)Factors coexist in forest firen ncombustibles ( (可燃物可燃物可燃物可燃物 ) )n nignition sources (火源火源火源火源 )n noxygen naturalman-madeorganic material not less than 18% volcanic eruption lightning fire Related factorslweatherlterrains (地形地形)sunny slope(阳坡阳坡)steep hill（陡坡）（陡坡） forest land（林地）（林地）high temperaturecontinuous drought strong winds Regularity of outbreak periodical（周期性）（周期性）lannual（dry years）lseasonal (winter)ldaily (midday )Influence and prevention lair environmentlecological systemlsocial stabilitylmonitoring technology lsatellite remote sensing lmans consciousness TsunamiTsunamiWhatis“tsunami”?Thegreatwaves“tsunami”isaseriesoftravelingoceanwavesofextremelylonglengthgeneratedbyearthquakesoccurringbloworneartheocean,submarinelandslidesanderuptions.DamageAPacific-widetsunamigeneratedbythe1960ChileEarthquake.TheGreatAlaskanEarthquakeof1964produceddeadlytsunamiwavesinAlaska,OregonandCalifornia.in1992and1993over2,000peoplewerekilledbytsunamisoccurringinNicaragua,IndonesiaandJapan.2004IndianOceantsunamithe,killingaround230,000people.WhatCauseTsunamis?earthquakessubmarinelandslidessubmarinevolcaniceruptionsalargemeteorite（陨石）impactintheoceanunderwatervolcaniceruptionandlandslidesTsunamiWarningCentersTheAlaskaTsunamiWarningCenter(ATWC)inPalmer,Alaska.ThePacificTsunamiWarningCenter(PTWC)inEwaBeach,Hawaii.ThePacificTsunamiWarningSystem(PTWS).OtherNationaltsunamiwarningcenters.WhatYouShouldDo?Followtheadviceofteachersandotherschoolpersonnel.(inschool)Moveintheevacuationsiteortoanysafeplace.Followtheadviceoflocalemergencyandlawenforcementauthorities.(athome)Moveimmediatelytohigherground.DONOTwaitforatsunamiwarningtobeannounced.(atthebeachorneartheocean)TipsShouldnotletthisnaturalhazarddiminishyourenjoymentofthebeachandocean.PlaguePlague(瘟疫)isanepidemic(传染病）ofinfectiousdiseasethatisspreadingthroughhumanpopula-tionsacrossalargeregion;forinstancemultiplecontinents,orevenworldwide.Awidespreadendemicdiseasethatisstableintermsofhowmanypeoplearegettingsickfromitisnotapandemic.Theemergenceoftheepidemicshallmeetthefollowingconditions:1.Anewpathogenappearsinthecrowd.2.Thepathogencauseinfectionandseriousmedicalproblems.3.ThepathogensisInfectious,particularlyamonghumans.Pandemics and notable epidemics through history1、PlagueofAthens430BC.TyphoidfeverkilledaquarteroftheAtheniantroops,andaquarterofthepopulationoverfouryears.2、Plague of Justinian from541to750,wasthefirstrecordedoutbreakofthebubonicplague.ItcausedEuropespopulationtodropbyaround50%between550and700million.3、Black Deathstarted14thcentury.Thetotalnumberofdeathsworldwideisestimatedat75millionpeople.ItwasthefirstofacycleofEuropeanplagueepidemicsthatcontinueduntilthe18thcentury.4、SmallpoxThediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300500milliondeaths.4、SmallpoxThediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300500milliondeaths.CurrentpandemicsHIV and AIDSHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,iscurrentlyapandemic.ItspreadtotheUnitedStatesandmuchoftherestoftheworldbeginningaround1969.SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome)BetweenNovember2002andJuly2003anoutbreakofSARSinHongKongnearlybecameapandemic.AndwithinweeksSARSspreadfromHongKongtoinfectindividualsin37countriesinearly2003.InfluenzaThefirstinfluenzapandemicwasrecordedin1580andsincetheninfluenzapandemicsoccurredevery10to30years.TheHongKongFlu,196869.AnH3N2causedaboutonemillionpeopleworldwide.InfluenzaA(H3N2)virusesstillcirculatetoday.The cause of the civilization appeared are the same as the infectious diseases, such as population increase, setting down, engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, etc, and the plague is a unavoidable consequences of the wave of civilization in globalization trend.What can we do with the plague?Preventionmeasures1.Environmentalsanitation.2.Educatingthepubliconwaysto3.preventplagueexposures.3.Preventiveantibiotictherapy.