吕雪华2018.3.27。Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences?1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.。2在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词词组, , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一，名词性从句的基本用法一，名词性从句的基本用法。His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day. 。I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day. I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 。 1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.3. This is _ he was often late for school. 4. We all know the truth _ the earth _(move) around the sun.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句Thatwhetherwhythatmoves。1 That he will succeed is certain .2 Whether he will go there is not known .3 What he said is not true .4 Where he hid the money is to be found out .5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.。That we will succeed is certain .=It is certain that we will succeed。who will give us a talk is unknown at all.It is not known who will give us a talk.。宾语宾语从句从句在句中充当宾语成分（在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）They know that the habit will kill them.It all depends on whether they will support us .He asked how much I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . I find it necessary that we should do the homework.Tell the function of the following clausesthat, whether，if （ that 常可省略）常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how。It all depends on whether you have enough experience.。I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smke here。 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or/or not时时,不用不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 1.Whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句。I dont know whether or not I will stay 。I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.。 在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正真正宾语宾语) 的句型中的句型中不省略不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导引导 的宾语从句中的宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.。a .a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. . He believes _ . b .b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. . Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.3。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us _.he was preparing for the examinationhe had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line. 如果主句谓语是过去时如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .表语从句表语从句: :在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后之后. . 作用：作用：对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。The reason why we missed was that I was late for the appointment .。1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason reason 后后面面的的表表语语从从句句只只能能用用that that 引引导导, , 不不能能用用why why 引引导导, , 但但reasonreason后后面面的的定定语语从从句可以用句可以用why why 或者或者that that 引导。引导。在在在在名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句中中中中，我我我我们们们们还还还还须须须须特特特特别别别别注注注注意意意意以以以以下问题：下问题：下问题：下问题：whythatthatthat注注意意点点。1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason reason 后后面面的的表表语语从从句句只只能能用用that that 引引导导, , 不不能能用用why why 引引导导, , 但但reasonreason后后面面的的定定语语从从句可以用句可以用why why 或者或者that that 引导。引导。在在在在名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句中中中中，我我我我们们们们还还还还须须须须特特特特别别别别注注注注意意意意以以以以下问题：下问题：下问题：下问题：whythatthatthat。同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明. .同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察视察) them .3) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.。Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.。Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.。一、名词性从句的语序一、名词性从句的语序（1） 名词性从句构成有两种名词性从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all. This is what we are looking for.b. 疑问词疑问词+句子的剩余成分句子的剩余成分。(2) (2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )。二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1 1）that that 和和what what 的选用的选用that that 和和 what what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，但是，whatwhat除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而语、宾语、或表语。而thatthat在名词性从在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that / whatthat / what1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat。a. a. 主语从句主语从句b. b. 表语从句表语从句c. c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to if to do.do.g whether or not g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时不用不用if.if.不能使用if 的情况：。1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether。（3）其它）其它连接代词和副词的连接代词和副词的连用连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义, ,正确的正确的选择选择who、which、when、where、why、 how 等连接词，这些连接词既等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwhere。that that 可省略的情况：可省略的情况：thatthat不可省略的情况：不可省略的情况：主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词引导词that 不能省略不能省略单个宾语从句中的单个宾语从句中的that可省略可省略。1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that。1.1.同位语从句的格式：同位语从句的格式：2.2.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that,that,也可根据含义选用也可根据含义选用n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句order, belief, suggestion, advice ,information等等whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。等来引导同位语从句。fact、idea, news,。1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhether。1.1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中的具体内容。定语从句中thatthat不但起连接作用，不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。的宾语成分时可省略。2.2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的的that that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分在同位语从句中不做任何成分, ,只起连接只起连接作用作用, ,无具体含义无具体含义, ,且不可省略且不可省略. .。1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAPAPAT。He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等等词后的同位语从句的词后的同位语从句的语气要用语气要用虚拟语气虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 注意点：注意点：。二，名词二，名词性从句性从句五大常考考点五大常考考点考点一：区别考点一：区别that , what与与which考点二：区别考点二：区别whether 与与if 考点三：考点三：it与与名词性从句名词性从句考点四：区别考点四：区别 what, whatever, 与与 no matter what .考点五：名词性从句的语序考点五：名词性从句的语序。考点考点1：A:连接词连接词that与与what 的区别的区别What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true .that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。且在宾语从句中有时可省。 what既既起起连接作用连接作用, 又在从句中作又在从句中作主语主语, 宾语宾语,表语表语 (且在名词性从句中只有且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）可作表语）。1. _ made him fail is _ he was lazy.2. China is no longer _ it used to be.3. I work in _ is called the Hometown of Nvwa.4. We express the hope _they will come to visit China again. 5. We all hope _ we will be admitted to university next year, and _ all of our teachers will be healthy and happy forever . What that whatwhatthatthatthat/-。B : what (什么什么) / which ( 表选择表选择, 哪一个哪一个) 1. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 8 or No. 9 of Bridge Street. I am not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or Internet. Does it matter _ it was? whatwhichwhichWhat 无范围；无范围；Which有范围有范围解析解析。 C : that 引导不同的从句引导不同的从句Do you know the fact that he won the first prize?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?( (同从同从) )( (定从定从) )定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用，而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。考点考点2. 区别区别if与与whether 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not he is free now.3. The question is _ this book is worth reading. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can master the grammar matters a lot to their homework.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhether。请你归纳请你归纳 a a主语主语从句从句 b b表语表语从句从句c c同位语同位语从句从句d d. .介词介词后的宾语后的宾语从句从句 e.e.whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用if 只能使用只能使用whether 的情况：的情况：请你归纳请你归纳。1. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2. The argument _ well have a sports meeting remains to be settled.3. Im thinking about_ they will support us.4. We didnt know _ or not she was ready.Whetherwhetherwhetherwhether。 1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。 _ is a pity . 2.真奇怪他今天没有来上学。真奇怪他今天没有来上学。 _ is strange.It is strange thatThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that 考点考点 3 ：it与名词性从句与名词性从句 A:it 作形式主语作形式主语That he was absent from school。 用用用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2) It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3) It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 (4) It 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎。1.It is widely accepted _ the earth goes around the sun. A. while B. that C. if D. for that=That the earths goes around the sun is widely accepted.。(2)it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或或when从句从句 B:it 作形式宾语作形式宾语(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that I have made it my habit that I get up before 6:30 everyday .I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down .。1. I have to make clear that he told a lie.2.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that C. it D. one3. 他认为从现在开始努力学习赶上他人是有可能的他认为从现在开始努力学习赶上他人是有可能的. He thinks it possible _C that he works hard to catch up with others.it。 _ _ 等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，句，_等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句含有疑含有疑问意义问意义。请你归纳请你归纳 whoever, whatever Who, what 考点考点4.what,whatever,who,whoeverWho will take the position isnt decided.。v1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2._ we need is more time.v3._ has taken away my bag vis unknown.v4._ breaks the law v will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnything thatAnyone who。No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.（ ）解析解析no matter 只能引导只能引导状语从句状语从句，ever既可引导状语从句又可以引既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句导名词性从句.no matter who/what与与whoever /whateverWhoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ ）。考点考点5 5 语序问题语序问题1.The teacher suggested that we should pay enough attention to reading and writng.2. Could you tell me where you think the accident happened?3. Whether you are happy depends on your attitude. 关联词在从句之首，如有插入语，关联词在从句之首，如有插入语，其紧跟在关联词后，其他一定用其紧跟在关联词后，其他一定用陈述语序陈述语序 _ 。1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting2. _ I like best is your handwrting. 3. _ I like the book best is known to everyone. 4. I want to know _ major she will choose between English and Chinese . 5. _ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with. 6. He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan. .请填写适当的引导词。请填写适当的引导词。 that What which Whywhere that That 1.先判断是什么从句先判断是什么从句2.若是名词性从句，若是名词性从句，“缺什么填什么缺什么填什么”(指从句句型结构与连词之间的关系指从句句型结构与连词之间的关系)。1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting2. _ I like best is your handwrting. 3. _ I like the book best is known to everyone. 4. I want to know _ major she will choose between English and Chinese . 5. _ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with. 6. He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan. .请填写适当的引导词。请填写适当的引导词。 that What which Whywhere that That 三 Homework。划出从句并判断从句类型。划出从句并判断从句类型。1. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.2. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.3. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.4. Whoever breaks the law, he/ she will be punished.5. It makes no difference whether he can pass the exam.6. It is well known that China is a great socialist country.7. The teacher made it clear to us that we had to work hard if we wanted to make progress.8. I dont think he will arrive on time.9. I dont suppose you can do it.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句5，6主语从句主语从句7,8,9宾语从句宾语从句。 Complete the following sentence:1(他们需要的他们需要的)_is scientific knowledge.2.(据说据说)_ the old man used to be a famous film star. 3. It is the same to us _ (你是否来你是否来) tomorrow.4. Ask him _(他什么时候来他什么时候来).5. _ (运动会将运动会将在哪里举行在哪里举行) is still unknown. 6. He admitted _ (他错了他错了).7. Please write down _ (他说的一切他说的一切 ).8. It is very strange _ (她不想去旅游她不想去旅游).What they needIt is said thatwhether you will comewhen he will come Where the sports meeting will be held that he was wrong.whatever he is sayingthat she doesnt want to travel。选择题：选择题：1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when。