Book7 unit1蒋慧明蒋慧明教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明Teaching goals1.To learn the tenses and passive voice of the infinitives.2.To enable the students to master how to use the Infinitives.3. To cultivate the students co-operative abilities.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明1. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better.2. but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy . . .4. It is difficult to know what the future holds. 5. I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.Read the following sentences.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明Discussion1.What do the sentences have in common?2.Whats the definition of the Infinitive?3.Whats the formation of the Infinitive?4.Whats the function of the Infinitive?教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明不定式由不定式由“to + do (动词原形动词原形)”构成构成, 其否其否定形式是定形式是“not to do”, 不定式可以带宾语或不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语状语构成不定式短语, 在句子中作在句子中作 _, _, _, _, _, _ 或或 _。不定式。不定式没有没有人称和数的变化人称和数的变化, 但但有有 _ 和和 _ 的变化。的变化。 独立结构独立结构 主语主语表语表语宾语宾语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语时态时态 语态语态Summary教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-不不定定式式有有时时态态和和语语态态的的变变化化，时时态态共共四四种种，即即一一般般式式、完完成成式式、进进行行式式和和完完成成进进行行式式。语语态态分分为为主主动动语态语态和和被动语态被动语态，如下表所示。，如下表所示。教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎几乎/ /发生发生它之后它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Im happy to have been working with you.( (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明不定式（不定式（to do）的功能）的功能1) It is right to give up smoking.2) She wanted to borrow my bike.3) He needs a room to live in. 4) I came here to see you.5) I asked him to do the work with me.6) My wish is to become a doctor. 主语主语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补表语表语教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明三、三、 功能功能(1). 主语主语_ （写这本书）（写这本书）took him a week. Its important _（学好英语）（学好英语）.若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用往往用it作形式主语作形式主语,不定式置后不定式置后. .Swimming is my favorite, but to swim in the river is terrible.注意：注意：(doing作主语表示作主语表示抽象的、抽象的、经常性的经常性的行为行为; to do表示表示具体的具体的、特别是特别是将来将来的动作。的动作。)比较：比较：To write this bookto learn English well教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(2). 表语表语My dream is _. （当医生）（当医生）Your task is _. (清洁课室清洁课室) to become a doctorto clean the classroom比较：比较：My hobby is keeping pets.What you said is really inspiring.注意：注意：to do作表语作表语, 解释说明解释说明主语的内容主语的内容，也可表示也可表示将来的动作将来的动作。doing 作表语时，作表语时，表示表示主语的性质或状态主语的性质或状态。教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(3) 宾语宾语I want _ (回家回家).I decided_. (要回我的钱要回我的钱)I found it necessary _.to go hometo ask for my money backto talk to him again(和他再谈谈和他再谈谈)think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do hope, refuse, learn, set out, would like, choose, decide, agree, manage, want, pretend, plan, determine, tend, fail, promise 等等. 讨论并总结讨论并总结: 后接后接 to do 作宾语的动词有哪些？作宾语的动词有哪些？ 教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(4).(4).宾补宾补The teacher told me_. (擦黑板擦黑板)I expect you_. (给我帮助给我帮助)ask, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, allow, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, order, remind, teach等等.to clean the blackboardto give me some help讨论并总结：接讨论并总结：接to do作宾语补足语的动词作宾语补足语的动词教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(4) 作定语作定语 I have much homework to do.She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.He is the only person to know the truth.Last year he had a chance to go abroad for further study.He has achieved his ambition to be a president.chanceambitionthe firstthe only教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明1. 表将来的动作表将来的动作。2. 当被修饰的名词前有序数词或最高级当被修饰的名词前有序数词或最高级(the first/ last/ next, the only, the best, the most) 等时。等时。3. 当被修饰的名词是当被修饰的名词是chance, ability, idea, way, reason, time, fact 等抽象等抽象名词时名词时。不定式作定语的几种用法：不定式作定语的几种用法：教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(5)(5)作状语作状语I come here to see you.In order to arrive before dark, we started early.Im sorry to interrupt you. We were excited to hear the news.He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.（目的状语）（目的状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）(to do 作状语作状语, 表意外的结果表意外的结果,有时在不定式有时在不定式前加上前加上only)（结果状语）（结果状语）教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明in order to do, so as to do,enough to do,only to do, too.to do.,作状语时常用在下列短语中：作状语时常用在下列短语中：教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(7).独立结构独立结构To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构to be frank, to be honest.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明(8)(8)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词 who, which, when, how, what等连用，在句中等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know_. .他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。 ( (宾语宾语) ) _the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。( (主语主语) ) My question is_. .我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。( (表语表语) )what to sayHow to solvewhen to start教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明Practice & summary教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明1. He was seen _ the money(take)2. He is looking for a room _ in(live)3. We have no choice but _ outside. (wait)4. They could do nothing but _ for help. (ask)5. The question is easy _ . (answer)6. Yuan Longping devoted himself to _ rice. (develop)to taketo liveto waitaskto answerdeveloping教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明考点一：考点一： 使役动词使役动词(make, let, have)和感和感官动词官动词(see, hear, observe)后的后的 to do省略省略to, ,但变成被动语态时但变成被动语态时, , 被省略的被省略的to必须加上。必须加上。 we saw him go out. he was seen to go out.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明考点二：考点二：作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或者不，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地地点、工具点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的等，不定式后面须有相应的介词介词The girl has nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明考点三：考点三：不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词有行为动词 do 的各种形式，那么，的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带，否则要带to。 即：即：有有do无无to, ,无无do有有to。She could do nothing but cry.I have no choice but to wait.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明考点四：考点四： 在在“be + 性质形容词性质形容词 + 不定式不定式”结构中，结构中，不定式用主动表被动。常用于此结构的不定式用主动表被动。常用于此结构的形容词有形容词有easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, comfortable, fit, important 等。等。The water is not fit to drink.My apartment is comfortable to live in.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明1)._(爱和被爱爱和被爱) are happiness.2).I decided _.(不惩罚那些淘气的学生不惩罚那些淘气的学生)3).We invited him_.(给我们做一个关于艺术的讲座给我们做一个关于艺术的讲座). 4) Mary_.(警告我不要在中午给花浇水警告我不要在中午给花浇水).5).He is said _.(出国了出国了)To love and to be loved not to punish those naughty studentswarned me not to water flowers at noon to give us a speech about artto have gone abroadComplete the following sentences.教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明 Mikes parents expect him _ (study) abroad and going abroad is also his dream; therefore, he was determined _ (learn) English well. Even though _ (know) it wasnt an easy job, he would overcome all the difficulties and spare no efforts _ (carry) out his decision. _ (learn) it well, he will do his best to master the grammar rules and remember the new words. Besides, he wont miss any opportunity _ (practice) English. Above all, its quite necessary _ (stick) to it. _ (give) more time, Mike will achieve his dream. to studyto learnknowingto carryTo learnto practiceto stickGiven教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明 Go over the Grammar and finishEx1(Translations) of the workbook (P49).教育部参赛复习动词不定式蒋慧明