Unit 3 Back to the past【诵读【诵读积累积累】 (2011福福建建高高考考)为为纪纪念念汶汶川川大大地地震震三三周周年年，某某英英文文报报发发起起关关于于灾灾区区新新貌貌的的征征文文活活动动。请请根根据据以以下下图图片片提提示示，以以“Great Changes”为题，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下：为题，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下： 1. 某某中中学学灾灾后后三三年年来来的的变变化化，如如教教学学与与活活动动场场所所，以以及及师师生精神面貌等；生精神面貌等；2. 发生变化的原因；发生变化的原因；3. 你的感想。你的感想。 I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years. On May 12, 2008, a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school, leaving badly-damaged buildings. It is now, however, taking on a new look. Tall buildings have been put up, including classrooms and laboratory buildings, and a library. There is also a newly-built standard playground. In the new environment, teachers and students are living happily and working hard. It is really amazing that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school, full of life. Obviously, without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today. It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes. Many hands make light work. We can work wonders if we unite as a family, caring for each other and helping those in need. Union is strength. 【尝试运用【尝试运用】词汇翻译词汇翻译给某人留下印象给某人留下印象 _发生发生 _呈现出新面貌呈现出新面貌 _建造建造 _把把变成变成 _带来，引起带来，引起 _impress sb. with/by sth.take placetake on a new lookput upturn. . . intobring about众人拾柴火焰高。众人拾柴火焰高。_创造奇迹创造奇迹 _照顾，照料照顾，照料 _Many hands make light work.work wonders/miraclescare for句式演练句式演练(1)用用witness改写句改写句_(2)用用amazingly改写句改写句_(3)用用It is obvious that改写句改写句_May 12, 2008 witnessed a severe earthquake destroying almosteverything in the school.Amazingly, the once-ruined place has now been turned into abeautiful school, full of life.It is obvious that without the help of the whole society, therewould be no new school today. 单词盘点单词盘点核心速记核心速记1. _ (vt. ) 兴建，创建兴建，创建2. _ (vt. & vi. ) 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3. _ (n. ) 研究者，调查者研究者，调查者4. _ (n. ) 灾难灾难foundfleeresearcherdisaster5. _ (adj. ) 商业的，贸易的商业的，贸易的6. _ (n. ) 废墟，毁坏废墟，毁坏 (vt. ) 破坏，毁灭破坏，毁灭7. _ (n. ) 遗物，遗迹，遗骸遗物，遗迹，遗骸8. _ (vt. ) 使腐化，使堕落使腐化，使堕落 (adj. ) 贪污的，腐败的贪污的，腐败的commercialruinremainscorrupt联想串记联想串记9. _(vi. ) (火山等火山等)爆发爆发 _(n. ) 爆发爆发10. _(vt. ) 装饰，装潢装饰，装潢 _(n. ) 装饰，装饰品装饰，装饰品11. _(vt. ) 毁坏，摧毁毁坏，摧毁_ (n. ) 破坏，毁灭破坏，毁灭_ (adj. ) 破坏性的，毁灭性的破坏性的，毁灭性的12. _ (adj. ) 富有的，富裕的富有的，富裕的_ (n. ) 财富，财产财富，财产13. _ (adv. ) 渐渐地，逐渐地渐渐地，逐渐地 _ (adj. ) 逐渐的，逐渐的，逐步的逐步的14. _ (adj. ) 文化的文化的 _ (n. )文化文化15. _ (vi. ) 爆炸爆炸 _ (n. ) 爆炸，爆发爆炸，爆发erupteruptiondecoratedecorationdestroydestructiondestructivewealthywealthgraduallygradualculturalcultureexplodeexplosion16. _(adj. ) 极度的；极端的极度的；极端的_(adv. )极端地，极端地，非常非常17. _(adj. )历史的；与历史研究相关的历史的；与历史研究相关的 _(adj. )有历史意义的有历史意义的 _(n. ) 历史历史18. _(n. ) 解决办法，解答解决办法，解答 _(vt. ) 解决，解答解决，解答19. _(n. ) 表达；表情，神色表达；表情，神色_(vt. ) 表达，表表达，表示示20. _(vt. ) 宣布，宣称宣布，宣称 _(n. ) 宣布，宣告；宣布，宣告；宣言，声明；申报，声明宣言，声明；申报，声明(书书)extremeextremelyhistoricalhistorichistorysolutionsolveexpressionexpressdeclaredeclaration21. _(n. ) 纪念碑，纪念馆纪念碑，纪念馆(adj. ) 纪念的纪念的_(n. )记忆；纪念记忆；纪念22. _(vt. )教育教育_ (n. ) 教育，培养教育，培养_(n. ) 教育者，教育家教育者，教育家23. _ (n. ) 辉煌；荣耀，光荣辉煌；荣耀，光荣_ (adj. ) 光荣的，辉光荣的，辉煌的煌的24. _ (adj. ) 意识到的，知道的；察觉到的意识到的，知道的；察觉到的_ (n. )认识，意识认识，意识25. _(n. )毒药，毒物毒药，毒物(vt. ) 毒害，下毒毒害，下毒_(adj. ) 有毒的有毒的memorialmemoryeducateeducatorglorygloriousawareawarenesspoisonpoisonouseducation. 短语互译短语互译1. 夺取；接管；掌握夺取；接管；掌握 _2. 被埋在；专心于被埋在；专心于 _3. 对对造成伤害造成伤害 _4. 结果是结果是 _5. 进行，执行，实施进行，执行，实施 _6. 在船在船(车或飞机车或飞机)上上 _7. 无疑，确实无疑，确实 _8. 起义，反抗起义，反抗 _9. 阻碍阻碍(某人某人) _take overbe buried incause/do damage toturn outcarry outon boardno doubtrise up againststand in ones path10. 受够了受够了，对，对感到厌烦感到厌烦 _11. 患患(病病) _12. 意识到意识到 _13. break down _ _14. cut down _15. put out _ _have enough ofcome down withbe aware of分解；失败，崩溃；失分解；失败，崩溃；失灵；灵；(身体身体)垮掉垮掉砍倒；削减，减少砍倒；削减，减少出版，公布；关出版，公布；关(灯灯)；伸；伸出；生产出；生产16. in good condition _17. in memory of _18. make eye contact with _19. think of. . . as. . . _20. have an influence on _状况良好状况良好纪念纪念与与进行眼神交流进行眼神交流认为，把认为，把看作看作对对有影响有影响. 句型透视句型透视1. 主语主语+ be believed/said/reported/thought. . . + to do_ (人们相信，它被沙尘暴逐渐吞没人们相信，它被沙尘暴逐渐吞没) from AD 200 to AD 400. 2. 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that _(导致导致这座城市被埋葬这座城市被埋葬)by sandwhat a pity! It is believed to have been gradually covered over bysandstormsresulted in the city being buried3. could have done表示猜测表示猜测When asked how a statue from distant Greece _ (可可能能出出现现)in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Greats influence. 4. 动词动词-ing作伴随状语作伴随状语Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, _(战无不胜战无不胜). could haveappearedfinding victory wherever he went. 语篇完形语篇完形 Ann is a high school student. She was chosen to go on a 1. _ tour arranged by a British club. She has been to Pompeii and Loulan, both of which were important 2. _ cities about 2, 000 years ago. Pompeii was 3. _ in the 8th century BC. 4. _, it was5. _by a volcano. What was worse, all the people there were buried 6. _. Loulan was a stopping 7. _onthe famous Silk Road between the East and the West. It is culturalcommercialfoundedUnfortunatelydestroyedalivepointbelieved to have been 8. _ covered over by sandstorms. About 100 years ago, a European explorer discovered the 9. _of Loulan and found the 10. _of buildings buried beneath the sand. graduallyruinsremains1. 选用框中词汇完成句子选用框中词汇完成句子destroy，solution，extreme，rise up against，think of. . . as. . . (1)He speaks English so well that he _ a native speaker. (2)A lot of buildings in New York were completely _ by Hurricane Sandy, which caused peoples debate about climate change. is thought of asdestroyed(3)There are no simple _ to the problem of electronic waste. (4)It is reported that _ weather has caused great damage to the whole world in the past few years. (5) The people of the whole country _ the invaders and drove the enemy out of their country. solutionsextremerose up against2. 选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子(1)据报道又有一颗卫星被发射到太空。据报道又有一颗卫星被发射到太空。_(2)这场水灾导致很多人无家可归。这场水灾导致很多人无家可归。_(3)他走得太晚了，不可能赶上末班车。他走得太晚了，不可能赶上末班车。_(4)他仔细听我讲话，努力不漏掉一个字。他仔细听我讲话，努力不漏掉一个字。_Another satellite is reported to have been sent into space.The flood resulted in a great many people being homeless.He left too late, so he couldnt have caught the last bus.He listened to me carefully, trying not to miss every word.核核心心考考点点found3年年1考考complain3年年1考考could have done3年年5考考动词动词-ing作伴随状语作伴随状语3年年10考考1. found vt. 兴建，创建兴建，创建found. . . on. . . 将将建立在建立在founder n. 创始人，创立者创始人，创立者founding father 创始人创始人The ancient Romans founded colonies all over Europe. 古罗马人在整个欧洲建立了殖民地。古罗马人在整个欧洲建立了殖民地。Harvard University was founded in 1636. 哈佛大学建立于哈佛大学建立于1636年。年。The novel _ _ _ a true story. 这部小说是根据一个真实的故事写成的。这部小说是根据一个真实的故事写成的。was founded on【高考链接【高考链接】(2011福福建建高高考考)Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. foundingC. founded D. to be founded【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：建建立立于于1911年年的的清清华华大大学学是是成成就就大大量量杰杰出出人人物物的的所所在在地地。Tsinghua University和和found之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，选之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，选C。2. decorate vt. 装饰，装潢装饰，装潢decorate. . . with. . . 用用装饰装饰decoration n. 装饰装饰On Christmas Eve you can see Christmas trees _ _ colourful lights. 圣诞前夜你会看到用彩灯装饰的圣诞树。圣诞前夜你会看到用彩灯装饰的圣诞树。They decorated their wedding cars with ribbons and flowers. 他们用丝带和鲜花装饰婚车。他们用丝带和鲜花装饰婚车。decoratedwith(2011湖湖南南高高考考)The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but the environment is truly charming. (餐餐馆馆)空空间间很很小小，几几乎乎没没有有什什么么装装饰饰，只只有有几几张张餐餐桌桌，但但是是环环境的确很迷人。境的确很迷人。【熟词生义【熟词生义】读句子猜含义读句子猜含义The young soldier saved the drowning child from the deep water, as a result of which he was decorated for his bravery. ( )表彰，授以奖章表彰，授以奖章3. flee vt. & vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开逃避，逃跑；迅速离开flee (from). . . (从从)逃跑逃跑flee to/ into 逃往，逃到逃往，逃到flee for ones life 逃命逃命flee to safety 逃到安全的地方逃到安全的地方People fled for their lives in panic as the building caught fire. 当大楼着火时，人们惊慌逃命。当大楼着火时，人们惊慌逃命。They managed to flee to Hong Kong when the war started. 战争爆发时他们设法逃到了香港。战争爆发时他们设法逃到了香港。Before the war thousands of people _ _ the country. 在战争开始前成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。在战争开始前成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。fled from4. ruin n. 废墟；毁坏废墟；毁坏 vt. 破坏，毁灭破坏，毁灭in ruins 成为废墟成为废墟fall into/go to/come to ruin 成为废墟，被毁灭成为废墟，被毁灭The car accident ruined all her hopes. 这起车祸使她的所有希望都破灭了。这起车祸使她的所有希望都破灭了。(2012山山东东高高考考)By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. 到到2000年，瑙鲁的经济几乎崩溃。年，瑙鲁的经济几乎崩溃。A large number of churches _ _ _ after the earthquake. 地震过后，许多教堂都被毁了。地震过后，许多教堂都被毁了。Years of fighting has left the area _ _. 几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。fellinto ruinin ruins5. remains n. 遗物，遗迹，遗骸遗物，遗迹，遗骸(1)the remains of 的剩余物；的剩余物；的遗迹的遗迹(2)remain vi. 剩余，留下；仍然是，还是剩余，留下；仍然是，还是remain+n. /adj. /doing/done/介词短语介词短语 保持，仍然保持，仍然remain to be done 尚待做，有待于被做尚待做，有待于被做(3)remaining adj. 剩下的剩下的A lot of famous English writers remains are buried in Westminster Abbey. 很多英国著名作家的遗体被埋在威斯敏斯特大教堂。很多英国著名作家的遗体被埋在威斯敏斯特大教堂。They went, but I remained. 他们走了，但我留了下来。他们走了，但我留了下来。In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best friends. 他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友。他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友。She _ _ though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，她还是站着。虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，她还是站着。 remained standingThere is one problem _ _ _ _. 有一个问题尚待解决。有一个问题尚待解决。【点津【点津】(1)remain用作不及物动词，只用于主动语态，不可用作不及物动词，只用于主动语态，不可直接跟宾语。直接跟宾语。(2)remain作作系系动动词词用用，后后面面接接名名词词、形形容容词词、介介词词短短语语、分分词等作表语。词等作表语。 remaining to be solved【高考链接【高考链接】(2010重重庆庆高高考考)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now. A. remains B. is remainedC. is remaining D. has been remained【解解析析】选选A。句句意意：在在上上个个世世纪纪，那那个个宫宫殿殿三三次次着着火火，现现在在少少量量的的原原建建筑筑仍仍然然存存在在。根根据据题题干干中中的的时时间间状状语语now可可知知动动词词须须用用一一般般现现在在式式，故故可可排排除除D项项。remain是是不不及及物物动动词词和和系系动动词词，没没有有被被动动语语态态，也也不不用用进进行行式式，故故排排除除B、C两两项项。remain 意为意为“留下，剩下，剩余留下，剩下，剩余”，所以，所以A项正确。项正确。6. complain vi. 抱怨抱怨(1)complain (that)抱怨抱怨complain to sb. about/of向某人抱怨向某人抱怨(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉抱怨，投诉She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her. 她抱怨没有人去机场接她。她抱怨没有人去机场接她。People are always complaining about the too high housing price. 人们总是抱怨房价太高。人们总是抱怨房价太高。Neighbours _ _ the police _ the dogs barking at night. 邻居们向警察投诉狗在夜晚吠叫。邻居们向警察投诉狗在夜晚吠叫。complainedtoabout【高考链接【高考链接】(2011上海高考上海高考)Its no use _ without taking action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：光光抱抱怨怨而而不不采采取取任任何何行行动动是是没没用用的的。根根据据固固定定句句型型Its no use doing sth. “做做某某事事没没有用有用”可知选可知选B。7. declare vt. 宣布，宣称宣布，宣称(1)declare that. . . 宣布宣布declare sb. /sth. (to be)adj. 宣布某人宣布某人/某物某物declare for/against. . . 公开表示支持公开表示支持/反对反对declare war on/against 对对宣战宣战(2)declaration n. 宣布，宣言，宣告，声宣布，宣言，宣告，声 明；申报，声明明；申报，声明(书书)Greece declared independence in 1822. 希腊于希腊于1822年宣布独立。年宣布独立。She was declared (to be) innocent. 她被宣布无罪。她被宣布无罪。She declared that she didnt want to see him again. 她宣称她再也不愿见到他。她宣称她再也不愿见到他。Germany _ _ _ France on August 3, 1914. 德国在德国在1914年年8月月3日向法国宣战。日向法国宣战。declared war against/on【熟词生义【熟词生义】读句子猜含义读句子猜含义It is hoped that government officials declare all they have earned in a year, which is thought to be helpful to prevent corruption. ( )申报申报8. aware adj. 意识到的，知道的；察觉到的意识到的，知道的；察觉到的(1)be/become aware of 知道，感觉到知道，感觉到be aware that-clause 知道知道；意识到；意识到make sb. aware of 使某人意识到使某人意识到so/as far as I am aware 就我所知就我所知(2)awareness n. 认识，意识认识，意识Smokers _ perfectly _ _the dangers of smoking, but most of them simply cant get rid of it. 吸烟者完全知道吸烟的危害，但大多数只是无法戒掉它。吸烟者完全知道吸烟的危害，但大多数只是无法戒掉它。I _ _ _ _ much work remains to be done. 我很清楚还有很多工作要做。我很清楚还有很多工作要做。Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us. 他们的突然攻击使我们更清醒地意识到我们周围的他们的突然攻击使我们更清醒地意识到我们周围的危险。危险。This PSA is intended to raise peoples awareness of safety. 这则公益广告的目的是提高人们的安全意识。这则公益广告的目的是提高人们的安全意识。areawaream well aware thatof【点津【点津】(1)aware一般用作表语或宾语补足语，不作定语。一般用作表语或宾语补足语，不作定语。(2)常常用用actually，perfectly，well，quite等等副副词词修修饰饰aware，意意思是思是“非常清楚，完全知道非常清楚，完全知道”，但不用，但不用very修饰。修饰。【想一想【想一想】还有哪些形容词一般不用还有哪些形容词一般不用very修饰？修饰？【参参考考答答案案】以以a-开开头头的的形形容容词词，如如afraid, asleep, alone, alike, alive, awake以以及及worth, sure等等，这这些些形形容容词词一一般般作作表表语语，不作定语，这些词往往用特定的词来修饰。不作定语，这些词往往用特定的词来修饰。The child was fast/sound asleep. 这孩子睡得很香。这孩子睡得很香。Now she is quite awake. 现在她完全清醒了。现在她完全清醒了。The little girl is much afraid of snakes. 这小女孩很怕蛇。这小女孩很怕蛇。The book is well worth reading again. 这本书很值得再看一遍。这本书很值得再看一遍。Are you quite sure about that? 你对那事很有把握吗？你对那事很有把握吗？9. take over 夺取夺取; 接管；掌握接管；掌握His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over. 他投资这家公司的唯一原因就是接管它。他投资这家公司的唯一原因就是接管它。Would you like me to take over (the driving) for a while? 你愿意让我接替你你愿意让我接替你(开开)一会儿一会儿(车车)吗吗? 【拓展【拓展】写出下列写出下列“take + adv. ”短语短语_ 拿走，移去，减少拿走，移去，减少 _ 拆开拆开, 分开分开_ 收回收回(诺言、话语等诺言、话语等)_ 写下，记下；拿下，取下；拆除，拆掉写下，记下；拿下，取下；拆除，拆掉_ 收容；吸收；理解；欺骗；包括收容；吸收；理解；欺骗；包括_ 脱下；起飞；脱下；起飞；(事业的事业的)成功；休假成功；休假_ 呈现；雇用；接受呈现；雇用；接受(工作等工作等)，承担，承担(责任等责任等) _ 拿出，取出，带拿出，取出，带出去出去_ 开始从事某项活动；占用开始从事某项活动；占用(时间、空间等时间、空间等)；拿起；拿起take awaytake aparttake backtake downtake intake offtake ontake outtake up10. in good condition状况良好状况良好out of condition 身体不适身体不适on condition that 条件是条件是on no condition 决决不不(如如果果放放在在句句首首，句句子子倒倒装装)on this/that/what condition 在这个在这个/那个那个/什么条件下什么条件下living/housing/working conditions 生活生活/住房住房/工作条件工作条件The car has been well maintained and is _ _ _. 这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。They agreed to lend us the car _ _ _ we return it before the weekend. 他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. 她帮助改善监狱的条件，让囚犯劳动，接受教育。她帮助改善监狱的条件，让囚犯劳动，接受教育。On no condition must you tell him what has happened. 你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。in excellentconditionon condition that【高考链接【高考链接】(2010辽辽 宁宁 高高 考考 )I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges. A. by B. in C. on D. to【解解析析】选选C。考考查查介介词词用用法法。句句意意：我我同同意意他他的的建建议议，条条件件是是他他放放弃弃所所有有指指控控。on the condition that相相当当于于一一个个连连词词，引引导条件状语从句，意思是导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以条件是，以为条件为条件”。11. carry out进行，执行，实施进行，执行，实施Turn off the water supply before carrying out repairs. 在进行维修前先关掉供水。在进行维修前先关掉供水。The survey is now being carried out nationwide. 这项调查正在全国范围内进行。这项调查正在全国范围内进行。【拓展【拓展】补全下列补全下列“carry + adv. ”短语短语carry sb. _ 使某人失去控制使某人失去控制carry _ (with sth. ) 继续继续(某事某事)carry sb. /sth. _ 帮助某人渡过难关，成功完成某事帮助某人渡过难关，成功完成某事awayonthrough12. in memory of 纪念纪念The memorial was built in memory of President Lincoln. 建这个纪念馆是为了纪念林肯总统。建这个纪念馆是为了纪念林肯总统。【拓展【拓展】补全下列补全下列“in +n. + of ”短语短语in _ of 面临，在面临，在面前面前in _ of 赞成，支持赞成，支持in _ of 纪念，对纪念，对表示敬意表示敬意in _ of 需要需要in _ of 代替，取代代替，取代in _ of 赞扬，表扬赞扬，表扬in _ of 关于，就关于，就而论，在而论，在方面方面in _ of 支持支持in _ of 就就而言，从而言，从方面方面facefavourhonourneedplacepraiseregardsupportterms13. no doubt无疑，确实无疑，确实beyond /without doubt=certainly 无疑地，确实地无疑地，确实地Theres doubt about/whether. . . 对对有怀疑有怀疑/疑问疑问Theres no doubt about/that. . . 毫无疑问毫无疑问doubt whether/if. . . 怀疑是否怀疑是否dont doubt that. . . 对对不怀疑不怀疑Theres some doubt about his ability to do the job. 他是否有能力做这工作有些疑问。他是否有能力做这工作有些疑问。I doubt whether/if I can finish the work on time. 我怀疑我能否按时完成工作。我怀疑我能否按时完成工作。No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 他确实是想帮忙，然而事实上却只是帮倒忙。他确实是想帮忙，然而事实上却只是帮倒忙。I _ _ _ _ you will succeed. 我肯定你能成功。我肯定你能成功。have no doubt that【点津【点津】doubt可以用作名词或动词，后接名词性从句时可以用作名词或动词，后接名词性从句时, 疑疑问句和否定句用连词问句和否定句用连词 that；肯定句一般用连接词；肯定句一般用连接词 whether, if, what, when 等。等。 14. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity! 这这片片沙沙漠漠曾曾经经是是大大树树成成荫荫的的绿绿洲洲，但但这这些些树树被被砍砍倒倒了了，那那导导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬多遗憾啊！多遗憾啊！(1)本本句句是是并并列列句句，resulted in后后面面的的宾宾语语the city being buried by sand是是动动名名词词的的复复合合结结构构，city与与bury之之间间存存在在被被动动关关系系，故用故用being buried。(2)在在动动名名词词的的复复合合结结构构中中，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语一一般般由由物物主主代代词词、名名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。The accident led to five people being killed, including a child. 那起事故导致五人丧生，包括一个孩子。那起事故导致五人丧生，包括一个孩子。I cant imagine _ _ such a young man. 我无法想象玛丽嫁给这样的年轻人。我无法想象玛丽嫁给这样的年轻人。Do you mind _ _ the window? 你介意我把窗户打开吗？你介意我把窗户打开吗？【点津【点津】如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语用形容如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词和名词所有格。词性物主代词和名词所有格。Marys/Mary marryingmy/me opening他开会迟到让校长很生气。他开会迟到让校长很生气。(判断正误判断正误)His being late for the meeting made the schoolmaster very angry. ( )Him being late for the meeting made the schoolmaster very angry. ( )15. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Greats influence. 当当被被问问及及来来自自遥遥远远希希腊腊的的塑塑像像怎怎么么会会出出现现在在中中国国时时，研研究究人人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。情态动词情态动词+have done表示对过去情况的推测：表示对过去情况的推测：(1)must have done sth. 过去肯定做过某事过去肯定做过某事(2)cant/couldnt have done sth. 过去不可能做过某事过去不可能做过某事(3)may/might have done sth. 过去可能做过某事过去可能做过某事(语气不肯定语气不肯定)My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he _ _ _ your lecture. 我妹妹昨天在大剧院我妹妹昨天在大剧院见过他，所以他不可能去听你的讲座。见过他，所以他不可能去听你的讲座。I didnt hear the phone. I _ _ _ asleep. 我没有听到电话响。我一定睡着了。我没有听到电话响。我一定睡着了。She didnt get there in time. She may have missed the bus. 她没能及时到达那儿。她可能没赶上公共汽车。她没能及时到达那儿。她可能没赶上公共汽车。couldnt have attendedmust have been【点津【点津】(1)could have done还可以表示对过去客观事实的虚还可以表示对过去客观事实的虚拟。拟。(2)must通通常常用用于于肯肯定定句句，表表示示推推测测；否否定定句句与与疑疑问问句句用用cant, couldnt和和can, could。He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 他他并并不不后后悔悔说说出出他他做做过过的的事事，但但是是觉觉得得本本来来可可以以换换一一种种方方式式表达。表达。【高考链接【高考链接】(2012江苏高考江苏高考)Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I _ for. A. should have wished B. must have wishedC. may have wished D. could have wished【解解析析】选选D。考考查查情情态态动动词词。句句意意：生生日日快快乐乐！谢谢谢谢！这这是是我我所所能能期期盼盼的的最最好好的的礼礼物物。A项项使使用用should have done表表示示“本本应应该该做做但但是是没没做做”，是是虚虚拟拟语语气气；B项项表表示示推推测测，放放入入句句中中意意为为“这这一一定定是是我我期期盼盼过过的的最最好好的的礼礼物物”，句句意意不不通通；C项项表表示示推推测测，放放入入句句中中意意为为“这这是是我我可可能能期期盼盼过过的的最最好好的的礼礼物物”，句句意意不不通通；D项项表表示示能能力力，放放入入句句中中意意为为“这这是是我我所能期盼的最好的礼物所能期盼的最好的礼物”，符合句意。，符合句意。【想想一一想想】情情态态动动词词+have done表表示示虚虚拟拟语语气气的的有有哪哪些些表表达达方方式？式？【参参考考答答案案】(1)should/ought to have done sth. 过过去去本本来来应应该该做某事却没做做某事却没做(2)shouldnt/oughtnt to have done sth. 过过去去本本来来不不应应做做某某事事却却做了做了(3)neednt have done sth. 过去本没有必要做某事但却做了过去本没有必要做某事但却做了You shouldnt have wasted a whole night playing computer games. 你本不应该浪费一个晚上的时间玩游戏。你本不应该浪费一个晚上的时间玩游戏。The meeting has been called off. You neednt have come. 会议取消了。你本来没有必要来。会议取消了。你本来没有必要来。16. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went. 然然后后，他他又又把把目目光光转转向向东东方方，长长驱驱直直入入印印度度，所所到到之之处处，攻攻无不克，战无不胜。无不克，战无不胜。finding victory是是动动词词-ing短短语语作作伴伴随随状状语语，表表示示的的动动作作与与谓谓语语marched的动作同时发生。的动作同时发生。He looked at me, _ whether I could help him or not. 他看着我，想知道我是否能帮助他。他看着我，想知道我是否能帮助他。As the bell rang, the children ran out of the classroom, _ _ _ merrily. 铃声响了，孩子们跑出教室，快乐地有说有笑。铃声响了，孩子们跑出教室，快乐地有说有笑。All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他躺了一整夜都没有睡着，在想这个问题。他躺了一整夜都没有睡着，在想这个问题。wonderinglaughing and talking【高考链接【高考链接】(2012全全国国卷卷)Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for him. A. hoping B. to hopeC. hoped D. having hoped【解解析析】选选A。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：托托尼尼把把钱钱借借给给了了我我，希希望望我我也也为为他他做做同同样样多多的的事事。hoping为为现现在在分分词词作作状状语语，表表示托尼借钱给我时的心理状态。示托尼借钱给我时的心理状态。 . 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1. Many people randomly surveyed in the street _ they were against the proposal. (expression)2. Beijing, the capital city of China, is the political and _ centre. (culture)3. We face so many problems at present. Can you come up with _ to them? (solve)4. Lots of people have _ about the noise. (complaint)expressedculturalsolutionscomplained5. Now were going to see the _ of Yuanmingyuan. It was the royal garden in Qing Dynasty. (remain)6. _, over 100 people were killed in the hurricane that happened in America last week. (unfortunate)7. Earthquakes are _ difficult to predict. (extreme)8. As we all know, most ancient _ were born near rivers. (civilization)9. He left as a poor, working class boy and returned as a very _ man. (wealth)10. Several people were injured in a gas _. (explode)remainsUnfortunatelyextremelycivilizationswealthyexplosion. 选择框中所给的词组并用其适当形式填空选择框中所给的词组并用其适当形式填空no doubt，stand in ones way， take over，come down with，drive. . . crazy，have an influence on， turn out，break down，have enough of，in memory of1. Mary _ a bad cold and had to see a doctor. 2. He is _ the cleverest student Ive ever taught. 3. He is running for the governor. He is determined to defeat anyone who _. 4. Our English teacher Miss Jones has fallen ill, and Mr Smith _her class. came down withno doubtstands in his waywill take over5. The noises in the factory can _ people _. 6. We didnt plan the party that way, but it _to be a success. 7. A harmonious family _the formation of a childs character. 8. I am surprised that you havent _him, but I found him boring. 9. A monument has been built _ those who died in the strong earthquake. 10. If you go on working like this, you _ sooner or later. drivecrazyturned outhas an influence onhad enough ofin memory ofwill break down. 话题写作话题写作先将下面几个句子翻译成英语，然后连成一段小短文。先将下面几个句子翻译成英语，然后连成一段小短文。 1. 古代文明的人们在世界上建造了许多辉煌的建筑物。古代文明的人们在世界上建造了许多辉煌的建筑物。2. 其中有的已经消失了，有一些今天仍存在。其中有的已经消失了，有一些今天仍存在。3. 然而，这些余下的建筑物正在遭受损坏。然而，这些余下的建筑物正在遭受损坏。4. 所所以以保保护护好好这这些些文文化化遗遗产产就就非非常常必必要要，因因为为它它们们能能帮帮助助我我们了解过去的历史并且学到很多东西。们了解过去的历史并且学到很多东西。5. 保护文化遗产的建议如下：保护文化遗产的建议如下：我们需要严格的法律来保护这些文物；我们需要严格的法律来保护这些文物；采取有效措施来挽救和阻止它们受到破坏；采取有效措施来挽救和阻止它们受到破坏；让我们的孩子尽早了解保护我们历史的重要性。让我们的孩子尽早了解保护我们历史的重要性。_【参考范文【参考范文】 People from ancient civilizations built many splendid buildings around the world. Some of them have disappeared, while others remain today. However, many of the remaining structures are in ruins. So, it is very important to protect cultural relics because they can help us learn about the history of the past and we can learn a lot from them. Here are some suggestions about how to protect cultural relics. First, we need firm laws to protect them. Then efficient measures should be taken to rescue them and prevent them from being damaged. Last but not least, we should make our children aware of the importance of protecting our history.