动名词动名词Grammar动名词的定义动名词的定义它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以：（以write为例）为例） 时态时态语态语态一般时一般时完成时完成时主动语态主动语态writing having written 被动语态被动语态being written having been written 注意：动名词的否定形式是：注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing V-ing形式的构成方式：形式的构成方式：1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾 ing。 eg. go going; do doing; ask asking; read - reading study studying; carry carrying; fly flying; worry worrying; 2.在以不发音的在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加，再加- ing。 eg. come coming live living dance dancing make making 3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加除外），然后再加 ing. sit sitting; run running; begin beginning; forget forgetting 4.在少数几个以在少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词后：须将结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作变作y，再加，再加- ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明这些动词词典一般均注明) eg. die dying; tie tying lie lying 性质性质 主语主语 表语表语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 定语定语 状语状语动名动名词词n.pron.动名词能在句中充当什么成分？动名词能在句中充当什么成分？动名词的基本用法动名词的基本用法用作主语用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous. Climbing mountains is really fun. 注意：注意：动名词做主语，有时先用动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。 1)It is no use/ good / useless + doing2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收）覆水难收）There is no joking about the matter. It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。和孩子们一起玩真好。 2. 用作宾语用作宾语1）作动词的宾语）作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, cant stand, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如：等。如： They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继他们继续走，说个不停。续走，说个不停。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上在海滩上走真是乐事。走真是乐事。 为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：后跟后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：的动词的顺口溜：避免，错过，（少）延期避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid, miss, postpone/put offsuggest, finish, practiceenjoy, imagine, cant helpadmit, deny, envyescape, risk, excusestand, keep, mind2）作介词的宾语）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？我们休息呢还是开始干活？ Despite lacking money, his parents sent him to a good university. He was late again because of getting up late. Lock the doors and windows before going out. What/How about the two of us playing games？注意：注意：to 在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。 be/get used to look forward to get down to pay attention to devote oneself to lead to contribute to object to（反对）（反对） Lets get down to preparing for the exam.3)动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：give up, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, think of，insist on等等 She cant help crying at the sad sight. Do you feel like having a break?4) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表等，但表达的意义不同。达的意义不同。 I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了动作发生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生动作尚未发生)1remember/forget/ regretto do动作尚未发生动作尚未发生doing 动作已经发生动作已经发生2. try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力设法、努力去做，尽力doing 试试去做（看有何结果）试试去做（看有何结果）3. mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）打算做（主语一般是人）doing 意味着（主语一般是物）意味着（主语一般是物）to do对将要做的事抱歉对将要做的事抱歉doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔对已经发生的事感到后悔1remember/forgetto do动作尚未发生动作尚未发生doing 动作已经发生动作已经发生2. try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力设法、努力去做，尽力doing 试试去做（看有何结果）试试去做（看有何结果）3. mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）打算做（主语一般是人）doing 意味着（主语一般是物）意味着（主语一般是物）to do对将要做的事抱歉对将要做的事抱歉doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔对已经发生的事感到后悔5. stop to do停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手头的事情停止做手头的事情 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就你的任务就是擦窗户。是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 作表语作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。语可互换位置。 ）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构Would you mind _（我开窗户吗）？（我开窗户吗）？Would you mind my opening the window?my称为动名词的逻辑主语称为动名词的逻辑主语I cant understand Jacks leaving his wife.I cant understand his leaving his wife.Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable.动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构动名词的几个注意事项动名词的几个注意事项2. 动名词的被动形式动名词的被动形式:being doneThe officers narrowly escaped _(kill) in the hot battle.3. 动名词的否定形式：动名词的否定形式：not doing not having doneYou will be punished for not finishing your homework on time.being killed