专题十被动语态专题十被动语态2019 2019 全新版全新版分析广东近6年中考真题可知，被动语态是必考点之一(共12.5分)，主要在单项填空中考查三种时态的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态(2015年)、一般过去时的被动语态(2018年，2017年，2016年，2013年)和一般将来时的被动语态(2014年)；在短文填空中考查盲填(2018年，2014年)。目目 录录 CONTENTSCONTENTS考点精讲易错盘点解题技巧试题精练1. 概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态。如：考点精讲考点 被动语态的基础知识【该部分内容在中考题中虽然不会直接考查，但也需要了解】Tom broke the window. 汤姆打碎了窗户。(主动语态)The window was broken. 这扇窗户被打碎了。(被动语态)2. 构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词形式不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。3. 用法 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于以下几种情况：(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。 如： The building was built ten years ago. 这座建筑物是十年前建造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 如： These flowers are watered every day. 这些花每天都被浇水。(3)动作的发出者不是人。 如： Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。(4)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时，用“by动作执行者”。 如： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。(5)做客观说明时，常采用被动语态句型：It is/was said/reportedthat.“据说/据报道”。如： Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，在这次地震中差不多有三百人遇难。4. 主动形式表被动意义：(1)系动词如 look, sound, smell, taste等用主动形式表被动含义。如：The fish tastes very good. 鱼肉尝起来很好吃。(2)一些动词，如read, write, drive, sell, open, eat, drink等作不及物动词且常和一些修饰语连用，表示主语的某种属性特征，这些动词用主动形式。如：The computer sells well. 这种电脑卖得很好。The sweater washes easily. 这件毛衣很容易洗。(3)在某些固定搭配中，现在分词形式也可表被动意义。 be worth doing中，doing表示被动意义。如：The movie is worth watching. 这部电影值得一看。need/require doingneed/require to be done, to be done 是不定式的被动结构。如： Your car needs washing.Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车该洗了。拓展在主动语态中省略“to”的动词不定式，在被动语态中要加“to”。常见的有感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，以及使役动词let, make, have。如：I heard the girl sing in the next room. (变为被动语态)The girl was heard to sing in the next room.构成：主语am/is/aredone。如： My room is cleaned every day. 我的房间每天都被打扫。(肯定句)My room isnt cleaned every day. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not)Is your room cleaned every day? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)考点 一般现在时的被动语态(6年1考)()1. (2015广东)Have you heard of the song Little Apple?Yes. It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.Ais playedBplaysCwas played Dplayed A()2. (2018东莞市六校联考二模)Excuse me, sir. Smoking _ in the gas station.Oh, Im terribly sorry.Adoesnt allowBis allowed Carent allowedDisnt allowed()3. In our daily life, WiFi_ everywhere and it is very convenient for us to surf on the Internet.Aused BusesCwill be used Dis used DD构成：主语was/were done。如：John was punished by his parents yesterday. 约翰昨天被他的父母惩罚了。(肯定句)John wasnt punished by his parents yesterday. (否定句，在was/were后加not)Was John punished by his parents yesterday? (一般疑问句，把was/were提到句首) 考点 一般过去时的被动语态(6年6考)()4. (2018广东)Many shops in China _ to shut down as a new law against ivory (象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018. Aordered Bdidnt orderCwere ordered Dwerent ordered()5. (2017广东)The waiter told me that free parking _ for the hotel guests.Aprovides BprovidedCwill be providedDwas providedCD()6. (2016广东)He Jiang _ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.AinvitesBinvitedCis invited Dwas invited()7. (2013广东)It _ last week that the haze (雾霾) in Beijing caused many problems. Areports BreportedCis reportedDwas reportedDD()8. (2018惠州市惠城区一模)The cinema _ a few years ago. But now few people go to watch movies there.AbuildsBis builtCwas builtDbuilt()9. (2018中山市卓雅外国语学校二模)A concert _ to raise money for the disabled last month. Ais held Bwas held Cwill hold Dmay holdCB构成：主语will be done; 主语 am/is/are going to be done。如：(1)These trees will be planted tomorrow. 这些树明天将被种植。These trees wont be planted tomorrow. (否定句，在will后加not)Will these trees be planted tomorrow? (一般疑问句，把will提到句首)考点 一般将来时的被动语态(6年1考)(2)The meeting is going to be held next week. 会议将于下周召开。The meeting isnt going to be held next week. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not) Is the meeting going to be held next week? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)()10. (2014广东)Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it_ some day in the future.Awill find Bwont findCwill be found Dwont be found()11. The international meeting _ in Hainan in a few weeks time. AholdBis heldCwill holdDwill be heldCD()12. All food _ to students for free in our dining hall on the School Celebration Day.Great! I cant wait.AofferBwill offerCare offered Dwill be offeredD 注意该结构表被动，相当于want/need/requireto be done。()13. The floor is dirty. It needs _.AwashingBwashed Cbe washedDbeing washed易错盘点易错点 want/need/requiredoingA 注意make, see, watch, hear, feel等使役动词和感官动词。()14. If you see the comedy, you will _ laugh.Abe made Bbe made toCmake to Dmake 易错点 省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时要加toB 做关于被动语态的相关题时，首先要确定主语是谓语动词的执行者还是承受者，这样才能判断出句子的语态。例 (2018天津)Dr Bethune _ still _ in both China and Canada today. Ais; remembered Bis; remembering Cwill; remember Dhas; remembered解题技巧技巧 判断动作的执行者或承受者A方法点拨第步：先分析句意“如今在中国和加拿大，白求恩医生仍然”。第步：根据句意和选项可知主语Dr Bethune和谓语动词remember之间是动宾关系，故答案为A。被动语态的使用离不开时态，做题时要根据句中的时间状语或语境来分析使用哪种时态。例(2018盐城)A lot of new roads _ in order to develop the villages in the next five years. Abuilt Bwere builtCwill build Dwill be built技巧 时态判断法 D方法点拨第步：先分析句意“为了村庄的发展，五年后很多新的道路”。第步：根据句意和选项可知主语new roads和谓语动词build之间是动宾关系，又由in the next five years可知用一般将来时，故答案为D。谢谢观看谢谢观看ExitExit