EnglishGrammar大学英语语法大学英语语法整理课件整理课件Objectivesn n1.Studentswillbeabletounderstandwhyandhowtolearngrammar.n n2.Studentswillbeabletointroducethemselves.n n3.Studentswillhaveaclearunderstandingofclassrules.整理课件整理课件Durationoftime:n nTwohours整理课件整理课件Gettingtoknoweachothern nTeacherintroduceshimselfandpresentscontactinformation.n nCellularnumber:13569090642n nQQ(buddylistfull)48826204n nStudentsintroducethemselves.整理课件整理课件HowtoLearnGrammarn nMemorizeMemorizen nDoexerciseDoexercisen nBeinquisitiveBeinquisitiven nSavvyonyourownSavvyonyourownn nAlwaysbrowseEnglishdictionariesAlwaysbrowseEnglishdictionariesn nListentoradios:NPRVOABBCListentoradios:NPRVOABBCn nReadnewspapersandmagazines(alienportals)Readnewspapersandmagazines(alienportals)n nBeflexible(govisit,makebelieve,shopsmartsaveBeflexible(govisit,makebelieve,shopsmartsavebig,Iamdoinggood)big,Iamdoinggood)整理课件整理课件Allotmentofweeksn n16weeksongrammar+2weeksongrammarpracticen n2.28-7.1classesn n7.2-7.6finals整理课件整理课件ExamandAttendancePoliciesn nFullAttendanceexpected(10%)n nWarming-upQuizzes:everyweek(10%)n nFinalexam(80%)整理课件整理课件AbsencePolicy!Presentyourtutorsapprovalandsignaturetome.!Anythingelsedoesntcount.!Notemporaryapprovalfromtheclasspresidentorthegrammarteacher.!Textsorphonecallsdontcount,either.整理课件整理课件Miscellaneousn nDontexpecteverythingtobeexplicable.明年明天明月Hismothers整理课件整理课件EnglishClausesn nWarming-upQuestion:n nHowmanybasictypescanEnglishclausesbeclassifiedinto?整理课件整理课件Lead-inn nBeforeweproceed,itsimperativethatweunderstandPartsofSpeechandPartsoftheSentence.整理课件整理课件PartsofSpeechn nTraditionalgrammarclassifieswordsbasedoneightpartsofspeech:theverb,thenoun,thepronoun,theadjective,theadverb,thepreposition,theconjunction,andtheinterjection.整理课件整理课件PartofSpeechn nEachpartofspeechexplainsnotwhatthewordis,buthowthewordis used.Infact,thesamewordcanbeanouninonesentenceandaverboradjectiveinthenext.n nCouldyouciteaninstance?整理课件整理课件ThePartsoftheSentencen nTheThepartsofthesentencepartsofthesentenceareasetoftermsforareasetoftermsfordescribinghowpeopleconstructdescribinghowpeopleconstructsentencessentencesfromfromsmallerpieces.Thereisnotadirectsmallerpieces.Thereisnotadirectcorrespondencebetweenthepartsofthecorrespondencebetweenthepartsofthesentenceandthesentenceandthepartsofspeechpartsofspeech-the-thesubjectsubjectofofasentence,forexample,couldbeaasentence,forexample,couldbeanounnoun,a,apronounpronoun,orevenanentire,orevenanentirephrasephraseororclauseclause. .Likethepartsofspeech,however,thepartsofLikethepartsofspeech,however,thepartsofthesentenceformpartofthebasicvocabularythesentenceformpartofthebasicvocabularyofgrammar,anditisimportantthatyoutakeofgrammar,anditisimportantthatyoutakesometimetolearnandunderstandthem.sometimetolearnandunderstandthem.整理课件整理课件SubjectandPredicaten nEverycompletesentencecontainstwoparts:asubjectandapredicate.Thesubjectiswhat(orwhom)thesentenceisabout,whilethepredicatetellssomethingaboutthesubject.n nAnyexamples?整理课件整理课件ObjectsandComplementsn nObjectsn nAverbmaybefollowedbyanobjectthatcompletestheverbsmeaning.n nTwokindsofobjectsfollowverbs:directobjectsandindirectobjects.n nAnyexamples?整理课件整理课件TransitiveandIntransitiveVerbsn nVerbsthattakeobjectsareknownastransitiveverbs.Verbsnotfollowedbyobjectsarecalledintransitiveverbs.n nSomeverbscanbeeithertransitiveverbsorintransitiveverbs,dependingonthecontext.n nAnyexamples?整理课件整理课件SubjectComplementsn nInadditiontotheInadditiontothetransitiveverbtransitiveverbandtheandtheintransitiveverbintransitiveverb,thereisathirdkindofverb,thereisathirdkindofverbcalledacalledalinkingverblinkingverb.Theword(or.Theword(orphrasephrase) )whichfollowsalinkingverbiscallednotanwhichfollowsalinkingverbiscallednotanobject,butaobject,butasubjectcomplementsubjectcomplement. .n nThemostcommonlinkingverbisbe.OtherThemostcommonlinkingverbisbe.Otherlinkingverbsarebecome,seem,appear,linkingverbsarebecome,seem,appear,feel,grow,look,smell,taste,andfeel,grow,look,smell,taste,andsound,amongothers.Notethatsomeofsound,amongothers.Notethatsomeofthesearesometimeslinkingverbs,sometimesthesearesometimeslinkingverbs,sometimestransitiveverbs,orsometimesintransitivetransitiveverbs,orsometimesintransitiveverbs,dependingonhowyouusethem:verbs,dependingonhowyouusethem:整理课件整理课件ObjectComplementsn nAnobjectcomplementissimilartoasubjectcomplement,exceptthat(obviously)itmodifiesanobjectratherthanasubject.n nIconsiderthedrivertired.整理课件整理课件Adverbialn nWhatwordscanfunctionasadverbial?整理课件整理课件Type1n nSVC?n nThecherryblossomsmellsfragrant.整理课件整理课件Type2n nSV?n nWearenegotiating.整理课件整理课件Type3n nSVA?n nTheladysmiledvilely.整理课件整理课件Type4n nSVOn nIwilltreatyou.整理课件整理课件Type5n nSVOAn nIlovemywifeheartandsoul.整理课件整理课件Type6n nSVOCn nWeelectedhimourclasspresident.整理课件整理课件Type7n nSVOOn nWepassedhimadime.整理课件整理课件Gamen nSn nVn nO/C/A整理课件整理课件Transformationandexpansionofbasicclausetypesn nThebasicclausetypesareallaffirmativestatementswithverbsintheactivevoice.An affirmative clause can be transformed into a negative;astatementintoaquestion;andanactiveclauseintoapassive;Alltheseaddvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.整理课件整理课件Transformationn nTheexchangestudentsgavemealotofkeepsakes.n n?整理课件整理课件Expansionn nThebasicclausetypesandtheirvariantscanalsobeexpandedintolargergrammaticalunitsthroughaddingmodifiersatvariouslevels,andtheselargerunitscanagainbeexpandedthroughcoordinationandsubordinationintocompound,complexandcompound-complexsentences.整理课件整理课件Evaluationn nStatewhatyouhavelearnedfromthisclass整理课件整理课件Homeworkn nExercise1Cn n12+18整理课件整理课件SubjectVerbConcordIInstructor:HanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn nStudentswillbeabletoreviewbasicclausetypesn nStudentswillbeabletolearnSubject-VerbConcordI:Problemsofconcordwithnounsendinginsandwithcollectivenounsassubject整理课件整理课件CopewithLastWeeksAssignmentn nTurnto1C1218onPage20and21整理课件整理课件以以以以 SS结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致n n以s结尾的疾病和游戏arthritis,bronchitis,rickets,mumps,diabetes,darts,marbles做主语时谓语动词应使用哪种形式呢？单数，复数？Arthritiscausespaininthejoints.整理课件整理课件特殊情况特殊情况n n有一些疾病有一些疾病/ /游戏名称谓语动词可单可复：游戏名称谓语动词可单可复：measles,ricketsmeasles,ricketsn nCardsCards做主语谓语动词用复数做主语谓语动词用复数n nDarts,marblesDarts,marbles指游戏使用的具体的镖和弹子意义指游戏使用的具体的镖和弹子意义时，谓语动词要使用什么形式？时，谓语动词要使用什么形式？n nMeaslesalwaysoccur/occursamongkids.Measlesalwaysoccur/occursamongkids.n nNinedartsarethrownateachturn.Ninedartsarethrownateachturn.整理课件整理课件以以s结尾的学科名称结尾的学科名称n nPhysics,mathematics,optics,acoustics,politics,athletics,tactics,linguistics,etc做主语时谓语动词使用单数。n nMathematicsisalwaysaheadacheforgirls.n nPoliticsalwaysattractsboys.整理课件整理课件特殊情况特殊情况n n如果这些词并不是只带如果这些词并不是只带“ “学科学科” ”等意义，谓语动等意义，谓语动词便可做复数使用。例如，词便可做复数使用。例如，mathematicsmathematics运算能力，运算能力，athleticsathletics体育运动，体育运动，acousticsacoustics音响效果，音响效果，tacticstactics策略，策略，economicseconomics经济学意义。经济学意义。n nTheacousticsinBonJovisTulsaconcert_beyondTheacousticsinBonJovisTulsaconcert_beyondcriticismlastspring.criticismlastspring.n nA.wasB.wereA.wasB.were整理课件整理课件以以s结尾的地理名称结尾的地理名称*以s结尾的地理名称，例如，theStates,theUnitedStates,theNetherlands,thePhilippines,theUnitedEmirates,theUnitedNations做主语时，谓语动词使用单数。n nTheNetherlandsisaEuropeancountry.n nTheStatesisadevelopedcountry.整理课件整理课件*如果主语是群岛如果主语是群岛如果主语是群岛如果主语是群岛archipelagoarchipelago，山脉，山脉，山脉，山脉mountainsmountains，海峡，海峡，海峡，海峡straitsstraits，瀑布，瀑布，瀑布，瀑布waterfalls,waterfalls,运动会运动会运动会运动会gamesgames等，谓语动词则使用复数。等，谓语动词则使用复数。等，谓语动词则使用复数。等，谓语动词则使用复数。n nTheNanshaIslandsareintegralpartofChina.n nTheWuyiMountainsarepicturesqueandamust-goforhoneymooners.n nTheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.整理课件整理课件3.1.4其他以其他以s结尾的名词结尾的名词n n成双成对出现的名词做主语时成双成对出现的名词做主语时: :例如例如jeans,jeans,compasses(compasses(圆规圆规),scissors,pincers,glasses,pants,),scissors,pincers,glasses,pants,shorts,trousers,slacks,suspendersshorts,trousers,slacks,suspenders等。等。n nTheslacksaresocomfortable.Theslacksaresocomfortable.n nTheHengdaliglassesaresopricey.TheHengdaliglassesaresopricey.n n但是，如果加上单位词，谓语动词使用单数。但是，如果加上单位词，谓语动词使用单数。n nOnepairofglassesisfarfromenough.Onepairofglassesisfarfromenough.整理课件整理课件3.1.4.2n n英语中还有一些以s结尾的名词，如archives,arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,firecrackers,goods,morals,thanks等，谓语动词使用复数。n nThefirecrackersaresoloud.n nManythanksgotomywifeandherfolks.整理课件整理课件3.1.4.3n nIngs结尾的名词谓语动词一般使用复数。如，clippings,diggings,earnings,filingsetc.n nHisearningsareprettygood.*特殊情况:tidings（旧）做主语时谓语动词可以使用单数可以使用复数。Goodtidingsarecheerful.整理课件整理课件3.1.4.4n n英语中有一些词，单数复数同形，例如英语中有一些词，单数复数同形，例如barracks,barracks,headquarters,means,series,species,works,sheep,headquarters,means,series,species,works,sheep,deerdeer谓语动词根据实际情况而定。谓语动词根据实际情况而定。Whichmeansoftransportationdoyouprefer?Whichmeansoftransportationdoyouprefer?Allmeanshavebeentried.Allmeanshavebeentried.TheendangeredspeciesarewellprotectedinmainlandTheendangeredspeciesarewellprotectedinmainlandChina.China.整理课件整理课件3.1.4.5n n少数的名词做单数和复数时意义不一样。少数的名词做单数和复数时意义不一样。n nWhatstheodds?Whatstheodds?有什么要紧？有什么要紧？n nTheoddsareinourfavor.Theoddsareinourfavor.形势对我们有利。形势对我们有利。n n*remainsremains做做“ “遗体遗体” ”讲时，谓语动词使用复数；但是如讲时，谓语动词使用复数；但是如果当果当“ “遗迹遗迹”“”“剩余物剩余物” ”时，谓语动词使用时，谓语动词使用单数或者复数单数或者复数。n nTheprimeministersremainswereburiedinthevicinityoftheTheprimeministersremainswereburiedinthevicinityofthechurch.church.n nTheremainsoftheancientcapitalhasbeenreducedtodebrisTheremainsoftheancientcapitalhasbeenreducedtodebrisafterthemassivequake.afterthemassivequake.整理课件整理课件集体名词做主语的主谓一致集体名词做主语的主谓一致n n3.2.1通常做复数的集体名词n nPolice,people,cattle,militia,poultry,personnel,clergy,vermin等做主语时谓语动词使用复数。n nTheclergyremaindividedontheissueofwomenpriests.n nThepersonnel(总称-员工)arereluctanttoaltertherules.整理课件整理课件n n通常做单数的集体名词通常做单数的集体名词:foliage,machinery,:foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,clothing,poetry,equipment,furniture,merchandise,clothing,poetry,baggage,luggage,scenery,jewellery(baggage,luggage,scenery,jewellery(注意区分注意区分jeweljewel和和jewellery).jewellery).n nAllthemachineryismadeinChina.AllthemachineryismadeinChina.n nThewoodenfurnitureisunaffordableThewoodenfurnitureisunaffordable. .整理课件整理课件n n可单可复的集体名词:congregation,family,government,public,crew,class,committee,audience,couple,nation,population谓语动词根据实际情况对待。n nThefamilyisalargeone.n nThefamilyareeatingsalmonattable.整理课件整理课件n nAcommittee/panel/boardof+pl.,谓语动词通常使用单数。n nApanelofexpertsistogiveitsopiniononwaystotacklecongestion.整理课件整理课件Gamen nChinesewhisper:Twogroupscompeteagainsteachother整理课件整理课件Homeworkn n2A(P26)2B(P28)整理课件整理课件Letscallitaday!n nThanksforallyourpresenceandyouallhaveastress-freeweekahead!整理课件整理课件LectureIVSubjectVerbConcordIIInstructor:HanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn n1.Studentswillbeabletoreviewproblemsofconcordwithnounsendinginsandwithcollectivenounsassubjectn n2.Studentswillbeabletolearnproblemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubject,expressionsofquantityassubject,andotherproblemsofsubjectverbconcord.整理课件整理课件CheckAssignmentn n2A(P26)n n2B(P28)整理课件整理课件4.14.1problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubjectn n4.1.1and连接的并列主语n n4.1.1.1and连接的是一个人/一件事n nTheteacherandinterpreterhasbeenlaidupforacoupleofdays.n nEarlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.-BenjaminFranklin整理课件整理课件由由and连接的并列主语连接的并列主语n n4.1.1.24.1.1.2n nandand连接成对出现的名词，连接成对出现的名词，eg,eg,knifeandfork,cartknifeandfork,cartandhorse,needleandthread,lawandorder,andhorse,needleandthread,lawandorder,breadbreadandbutterandbutter, ,hamandeggshamandeggs, ,cerealandmilkcerealandmilk, ,fishandfishandchipschips, ,pancakesandsyruppancakesandsyrupetc.etc.n nBreadandbutterisatastybreakfastinwesternBreadandbutterisatastybreakfastinwesternculture.culture.n nFishandchipsFishandchipsisapopulartake-awayfoodthatisapopulartake-awayfoodthatoriginatedintheUnitedKingdom.originatedintheUnitedKingdom.整理课件整理课件整理课件整理课件由由and连接的并列主语连接的并列主语n n4.1.1.3n nand连接every/each/manya+单数名词，谓语动词使用单数。n nEverymaleandeveryfemalehastoevacuatefromthepowerplant.n nManyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.整理课件整理课件由由and连接的并列主语连接的并列主语n n4.1.1.44.1.1.4n nandand连接专有名词，连接专有名词，theStarsandStripes,theBattheStarsandStripes,theBatandBall.andBall.n nTheBatandBallisadelightfulInnwithlotsofTheBatandBallisadelightfulInnwithlotsofexposedbeams,flagstonefloors,roaringlogfires&exposedbeams,flagstonefloors,roaringlogfires&cathedralcandlesallcreatingatraditionalvillagecathedralcandlesallcreatingatraditionalvillageatmosphereatmosphere. .n nT TheStarsandStripesheStarsandStripeswasadoptedastheflagofthewasadoptedastheflagoftheUnitedStatesUnitedStatesonJune14,1777onJune14,1777整理课件整理课件4.1.2or/either.or./not.but./notonly.butalso/4.1.2or/either.or./not.but./notonly.butalso/neither.nor.neither.nor. 连接的主语连接的主语连接的主语连接的主语n nTheprincipleofproximity临近原则n nEitheryouorI_wrong.n nA.amB.aren n_eitheryouorIwrong?n nA.amB.are整理课件整理课件4.1.3主语主语主语主语+asmuchas/ratherthan/morethan/noless+asmuchas/ratherthan/morethan/nolessthan/aswellas/inadditionto/with/alongwith/togetherthan/aswellas/inadditionto/with/alongwith/togetherwith/except/butetc.with/except/butetc.n nAteacher,withhisstudents,iswatchinganEnglishmovie.n nTheking,withthelordsandcommons,constitutestheirgovernment.n nHiscousinratherthanhisfatherisheldresponsibleforthisinhumanemassacre.整理课件整理课件4.2Problemsofconcordwithexpressionsofquantityassubjectn n4.2.1DefiniteQuantity确定数量n n4.2.1.1时间、数量、金钱、距离、重量等做主语时作为整体看待。n n100dollarsmeansalottoakidofhisage.n n300poundsmakesanobeseguy.n n*therebe句型例外n nThereare10dollarsinhispocket.整理课件整理课件4.2.1DefiniteQuantity确定数确定数量量n n4.2.1.2fractionfraction分数分数/percentage/percentage百分数百分数+of+of谓语动词和of后的名词保持一致n nTwothirdsoftheappleisrotten.n nEightpercentofthestudentshavebeenmuggedinthisarea.n n*population例外n nFifty-fivepercentofChinaspopulationliveintheruralarea.整理课件整理课件4.2.1DefiniteQuantity确定数量确定数量n n4.2.1.3operations4.2.1.3operations运算运算n nAdditionAddition加：加：plus,andplus,andn nSubtractionSubtraction减减:minus,subtractedby:minus,subtractedbyn nMultiplicationMultiplication乘乘:(multiplied)by,times:(multiplied)by,timesn nDivisionDivision除除:dividedby:dividedbyn n都可以使用都可以使用单数单数单数单数，但是加法和乘法有时候可用复，但是加法和乘法有时候可用复数。数。n nFortyminustwentyleavestwenty.Fortyminustwentyleavestwenty.n nTwotimeseightequalssixteen.Twotimeseightequalssixteen.整理课件整理课件4.2.1DefiniteQuantity确定数量确定数量n n4.2.1.4onein/outofn.一般使用单数单数，有时使用复数。n nOneintengirlsdatesincollege.整理课件整理课件4.2.2IndefiniteQuantity不确定数量不确定数量n n4.2.2.1all/some/none/half/mostof+n.谓语动词根据of后面名词来定。n nMostofthemoneyhasbeenspentontravelingabroad.n nMostoftheAmericanhighschoolboyshavedates.n nNonebutthebestcoffeeisgoodenoughforLynne.整理课件整理课件4.2.2IndefiniteQuantity不确定数量不确定数量n n4.2.2.2aportion/series/pile/panelofof后面名词不管是单数还是复数，谓语动词一般使用单数单数。n nApileoflogsispilingup.n nApanelofexpertsisunabletoreachanagreement.整理课件整理课件4.2.2IndefiniteQuantity不确定数量不确定数量n n4.2.2.3akind/type/sortof.of后通常跟不可数名词或者单数名词，谓语动词使用单数单数。n nThistypeofsportscarisreallycostly.n n*注意:Cars of this type are costly.n n*these/thosekindof+pl.谓语动词使用复数。Thesekindofbirdsaresorareforthishighlatitude.整理课件整理课件4.2.2IndefiniteQuantity不确定数量不确定数量n n4.2.2.4manya/morethanone谓语动词使用谓语动词使用单数单数n nManyastudenthasfiledcomplaints.n nMorethanonecarcompanyhaslodgedclaimsagainstKumhoTires.整理课件整理课件4.3OtherproblemsofS-Vconcordn n4.3.1NominalClause4.3.1NominalClause名词性从句名词性从句n n谓语动词一般使用谓语动词一般使用单数单数单数单数n nHowhecamehereHowhecameherewaswasamystery.amystery.n nHowhecamehereandwhyhecamehereHowhecamehereandwhyhecameherewerewere mysterious.mysterious.n n*SVC*SVC结构中，如果结构中，如果结构中，如果结构中，如果C C是名词复数，那么谓语动是名词复数，那么谓语动是名词复数，那么谓语动是名词复数，那么谓语动词可单可复。词可单可复。词可单可复。词可单可复。n nWhatisofimportancetomeWhatisofimportancetomeis/areis/arethedetailsofthedetailsofmywifeslife.mywifeslife.整理课件整理课件4.3.2Non-finiteClausesn ndoing/todo做主语谓语动词使用单数n nToseeistobelieve.n nTotakeMandarintakescourage.整理课件整理课件4.3.3RelativeClausesn n定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词保持一致。n nJaneisoneofthefewgirlswhodontlikeproms.n n*oneof,the(very/only)oneofn nJaneistheonlyoneofthefewgirlswhodoesntlikeproms.整理课件整理课件4.3.4CleftSentencesn n强调句谓语动词和主语一致。n nItsIwho_mistaken.n nA.isn nB.aren nC.amn n*Itsmewhoistoblame.整理课件整理课件4.3.5ExistentialSentencesn nTheprincipleofproximity临近原则n nThereisathank-younoteandtwowristbandsonthetable.整理课件整理课件4.4Miscellaneous其他其他*The+adj.:*The+adj.:thedead/rich/living/wealthy/wounded/blind/deafetc.thedead/rich/living/wealthy/wounded/blind/deafetc.谓语动词使用复数。谓语动词使用复数。n nThedeadarehauntingthegirlslivingonthatcornerThedeadarehauntingthegirlslivingonthatcorneroftheneighborhood.oftheneighborhood.*A(the)numberof,a(the)totalof*A(the)numberof,a(the)totalof区分区分n nAnumberoffarmersareprotestingagainstbuildingaAnumberoffarmersareprotestingagainstbuildinganewairportonthefarmland.newairportonthefarmland. 整理课件整理课件Assignmentn n3A(P31)n n3B(P34-35)n n3C(P37-38)整理课件整理课件Gamen nChinesewhispern nNo.7:Whoeversaysthewrongnumberhastostateatleast3pointslearnedtoday.整理课件整理课件Letscallitadayn nThanksforyourpresenceandyouallhavearestfulday!整理课件整理课件Lecture5Nouns整理课件整理课件Objectivesn n1.Studentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesbycheckingtheassignment.n n2.Studentswillbeabletohaveagoodcommandofnouns.整理课件整理课件Dealwithassignmentn n3A(P31)n n3B(P34-35)n n3C(P37-38)整理课件整理课件FunctionsofNounsn n1.Subjectn n2.SubjectComplimentn n3.Objectn n4.Attribute(man/woman)n n5.Appositiven n6.AdverbialCouldyoupleaseciteexamples?整理课件整理课件CollectiveNounsn n有的集体名词只作复数People,police,cattle,verminetc.n n有的集体名词只作单数Mankind,furniture,machinery,merchandiseetc.n n有的集体名词可单可复Family,crew,government,etc.整理课件整理课件CollectiveNounsn n特殊情况:有一些集体名词具有个体意义:ThecossetedThecossetedcouplecouplehavefourhavefour familiesfamiliestosupport.tosupport.ThefamilyThefamilyareareeatinglunch.eatinglunch.TheThefamilyfamilyiscomposedofthreepeople.iscomposedofthreepeople.Beforeliberation,ChinausedtohavetwoBeforeliberation,Chinausedtohavetwogovernmentsgovernmentsforawhile.forawhile.TheThegovernmentgovernmentistryingtocurbonlinecrimes.istryingtocurbonlinecrimes.ThegovernmentThegovernmentarearenegotiatingthein-depthdetailsnegotiatingthein-depthdetailswiththeforeignentrepreneur.withtheforeignentrepreneur.整理课件整理课件MaterialNounsn n物质名词一般为不可数名词，没有单数、复数之分。n nCouldyouciteanexample?整理课件整理课件MaterialNouns特殊情况特殊情况: :物质名物质名词如果作为复数词如果作为复数出现，意义不同。出现，意义不同。SandSandSandsSands沙沙沙滩沙滩WaterWaterWatersWaters水水大片水体大片水体food/fruitfood/fruitfoods/fruitsfoods/fruits食物食物/ /水果水果多种食物多种食物/ /水果水果CoffeeCoffeeTwocoffeesTwocoffees咖啡咖啡两杯咖啡两杯咖啡HaveabeerHaveabeer？HavetwobeersHavetwobeers？HaveteaHaveteaLongjingisaLongjingisaworld-famoustea.world-famoustea.whitehairwhitehair HehasafewHehasafewwhitehairs.whitehairs.整理课件整理课件MaterialNounsrubberrubber橡皮橡皮橡皮橡皮 胶鞋胶鞋胶鞋胶鞋橡胶橡胶橡胶橡胶WewearrubbersonourfeetwhenitrainsWewearrubbersonourfeetwhenitrainsstonestone石头石头石头石头石料石料石料石料Marbleisapreciousstone.Marbleisapreciousstone.eggegg鸡蛋鸡蛋鸡蛋鸡蛋蛋渍蛋渍蛋渍蛋渍Thereissomeeggonhisnose.Thereissomeeggonhisnose.lamblamb羔羊羔羊羔羊羔羊羊羔肉羊羔肉羊羔肉羊羔肉ThereislambontodayThereislambontoday smenu.smenu.oniononion洋葱头洋葱头洋葱头洋葱头洋葱味洋葱味洋葱味洋葱味Yousmellofonion.Yousmellofonion.woodwood树林树林树林树林木材木材木材木材Thechairsaremadeofwood/Thelostmanyelled,Thechairsaremadeofwood/Thelostmanyelled,hopingthatsomeoneinthewoodscouldhearhim.hopingthatsomeoneinthewoodscouldhearhim.ironiron熨斗熨斗熨斗熨斗钢钢钢钢Ihaveonesteamiron.Ihaveonesteamiron.paperpaper论文论文论文论文 报纸报纸报纸报纸纸张纸张纸张纸张Ihaveapapertowrite.Ihaveapapertowrite.glassglass玻璃杯玻璃杯玻璃杯玻璃杯玻璃玻璃玻璃玻璃Thisglassismadeoftemperedglass.Thisglassismadeoftemperedglass.clothcloth一块布一块布一块布一块布布料布料布料布料Thisisaclothforthetable.Thisisaclothforthetable.chickenchicken小鸡小鸡小鸡小鸡鸡肉鸡肉鸡肉鸡肉Mynieceraisesachickenasherpet.Mynieceraisesachickenasherpet.FireFire火灾火灾火灾火灾火火火火Afirebrokeoutinthetrailerparklastnight.Afirebrokeoutinthetrailerparklastnight.整理课件整理课件AbstractNounsn n抽象名词没有单复数之分，因为不能计数。n n例如，Knowledgeispower.n nBeautyistruth.n nKindnessisavirtue.整理课件整理课件AbstractNounsn n但是有的抽但是有的抽象名词使用象名词使用单数和复数单数和复数意义不同。意义不同。SympathySympathy同情、怜悯同情、怜悯同情、怜悯同情、怜悯sympathiessympathies慰问慰问慰问慰问 同情同情同情同情 怜悯怜悯怜悯怜悯ExperienceExperience经验经验经验经验ExperiencesExperiences经历经历经历经历RelationRelation关系关系关系关系RelationsRelations亲戚亲戚亲戚亲戚YouthYouth青春青春青春青春YouthsYouths男青年男青年男青年男青年WorryWorry忧愁、烦恼忧愁、烦恼忧愁、烦恼忧愁、烦恼WorriesWorries烦恼事烦恼事烦恼事烦恼事DistractionDistraction心烦心烦心烦心烦DistractionsDistractions心烦的事心烦的事心烦的事心烦的事BusinessBusiness商业商业 交易交易BusinessesBusinesses商店商店 商行商行KindnessKindness仁慈仁慈KindnessesKindnesses善行善行SuccessSuccess成功成功SuccessesSuccesses成功者、成功的事成功者、成功的事FailureFailure失败失败FailuresFailures失败者、失败的事失败者、失败的事DisappointmentDisappointment失望失望DisappointmentsDisappointments令人失望的事令人失望的事SpaceSpace空间空间AspaceAspace空格空格整理课件整理课件AbstractNounsn nFamily,room,mouth,earFamily,room,mouth,ear在某些搭配中可以表示抽象概念在某些搭配中可以表示抽象概念。n nHavetoomuchfamily/winter/mouthn nHavetoolittleearn nMakeroomforn nFeelthepatriotrise整理课件整理课件AbstractNounsn nMan,coward,coquette,politician,sportsman,scholar,Man,coward,coquette,politician,sportsman,scholar,poet,foolpoet,fool等词在某些搭配中成了不可数名词。等词在某些搭配中成了不可数名词。n nTobefoolenoughTobefoolenoughn nMoreofafoolthanMoreofafoolthann nLessofafoolthanLessofafoolthann nAsmuchofafoolasAsmuchofafoolasn nToomuchofafoolToomuchofafooln nEnoughofamanEnoughofamann nSomethingofacelebritySomethingofacelebrity整理课件整理课件ProperNounsn n专有名词有时候具有可数名词来使用。n nTheSongsusedtoholdswayinChina.n nIwishtobecomeanEdison.n nIwillbuyaFord/Lincoln.n nTheTwoChinasPolicycannotbebrookedbyChinesepopulation.整理课件整理课件Partitivesn n1.GeneralPartitivesn n2.Partitivesrelatedtotheshapeofthingsn n3.Partitivesrelatedtovolumen n4.Partitivesrelatedtothestateofactionn n5.Partitivesdenotingpairs,groups,flocksetc.TurntoP49-50forreferences整理课件整理课件Assignmentn n4B(P48)n n4C(P48)n n4D(P50)n n4E(P51)整理课件整理课件Gamen nNo.7:Whoeversaysthewrongnumberhastostateatleast3pointslearnedtoday.整理课件整理课件Youaredismissed!n nThankyouforcomingtotodayslectureandIwishyou!n nPeaceandjoybewithyou!整理课件整理课件LectureVIDoubleGenitives,Determiners,Pronouns&Articles整理课件整理课件Objectives1.Studentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesbycheckingthehomework.2.Studentswillbeabletohaveagoodknowledgeofdoublegenitives,determiners,pronouns,andarticles.整理课件整理课件Checkhomeworkn n4B(P48)n n4C(P48)n n4D(P50)n n4E(P51)整理课件整理课件DoubleGenitivesn nIndependentGenitive独立属格n nThedooroftheclassroom/thedogsowner/TomandJohnsroom/TomsandJohnsbooks/themapoftheworldn nDoubleGenitive双重属格n nafriendofmymothers整理课件整理课件DoubleGenitivesn n必须满足三个条件:*of前不能特指，即不得加the,但是可以使用this/that/some/anyetc.*of后必须指人*of后必须特指整理课件整理课件DoubleGenitivesn nTrueorFalsen nafriendofateachers?n nalegofthetables?n nthepictureofmyhostfamilys?整理课件整理课件DoubleGenitivesn nSomebooksofminen nAfriendofminen nAcarofTorys注意区别:n nAportraitofChairmanMaon nAportraitofChairmanMaosn nthispictureofMarvinn nthispictureofMarvins整理课件整理课件Determinersn n排序问题:n n县官行令杀国材限限定定词词观观看看形形状状年年龄龄颜颜色色国国别别材材料料整理课件整理课件Determiners*Prosen n她是一个来自美国的、高高的、漂亮的白人女孩儿。？n n这是一张日本制造的、棕色的、木质的、长方形的新桌子。？整理课件整理课件Determinersn nLess/least在非正式英语中可以用来修饰可数名词复数。n nLessandlessstudentsgoabroadforthepurposeofoverseaseducation.n nXinjianghastheleastpeoplepersquaremeters.整理课件整理课件DeterminersFewFewFew locals visit local points Few locals visit local points of interest.of interest.修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 否定意义否定意义A fewA fewA few couples get married A few couples get married in front of the town hall.in front of the town hall.修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 肯定意义肯定意义Little Little There is little water left in There is little water left in the thermal bottle.the thermal bottle. They are such little They are such little children that they donchildren that they don t t qualify.qualify.修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 否定意义否定意义A littleA littleThere is still a little room There is still a little room for us.for us.修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 肯定意义肯定意义整理课件整理课件Determinersn n部分否定:n nallall， bothboth， everyevery， alwaysalways， 以及以及entirelyentirely， altogetheraltogether， completelycompletely， quitequite和和 allthetimeallthetime等词和否定词连用表示部分否定。等词和否定词连用表示部分否定。n n如果表示完全否定，则要用如果表示完全否定，则要用nono， nonenone， neitherneither， noonenoone， nevernever， notnot(never)(never)atallatallAll that glitters is not gold. All that glitters is not gold. This flower is not seen everywhere. This flower is not seen everywhere. Both girls are not tall. Both girls are not tall. n nAllareleavingfortheU.S.n nAlliswellwithme.整理课件整理课件Pronouns代词的排序问题*单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二第三第一youhe/she;it-IYou,heandIshouldreturnontime.整理课件整理课件Pronouns*复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称第二人称第三人称weyoutheyWe, you and they are all supposed to defend our motherland in times of war.整理课件整理课件Pronouns特殊情况特殊情况: :在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a.a.在承认错误，承担责任时，在承认错误，承担责任时，ItwasIandJohnwhoupsettherowdykids.ItwasIandJohnwhoupsettherowdykids.b. b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，第一人称， 如：如：I and you should try to get it I and you should try to get it finished by tomorrow evening.finished by tomorrow evening.整理课件整理课件Articlesn nForthischapter,youmayreadP76-81tocatchonasyourgrammarshavein-depthdetails.整理课件整理课件Assignmentn n5D(P59)n n6A(P63)n n7C(P82)整理课件整理课件Gamen nNo.7:Whoeversaysthewrongnumberhastostateatleast3pointslearnedtoday.整理课件整理课件Youaredismissed!n nThankyouforcomingtotodayslectureandIwishyouafunday!n nPeaceandjoybewithyou!整理课件整理课件TensesandVoicesHanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn n1.Studentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesbycheckingtheassignment.n n2.Studentswillbeabletohaveacommandoftensesandvoices.整理课件整理课件Evaluationn n5D (P59)n n6A (P63)n n7C (P82)整理课件整理课件Tensesn nSimplePresentSimplePresentn nSimplePastSimplePastn nPresentProgressivePresentProgressiven nPastProgressivePastProgressiven nPresentPerfectivePresentPerfectiven nPresentPerfectiveProgressivePresentPerfectiveProgressiven nPastPerfectivePastPerfectiven nPastPerfectiveProgressivePastPerfectiveProgressiven nConstructionsdenotingfuturetimeConstructionsdenotingfuturetime整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiven nhave/hasdonen nfor/since/already/just/never/ever/before/yet/lately/recently/sofar/inthelast(past)fewyears/uptillnowetc.整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiven nDonDon tconfusetconfuseHave been toHave been toandandHave gone toHave gone ton nHergreatunclehasbeentotheIvoryCoast.n nHismother-in-lawhasgonetotheBalticcountries.整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiven n点动词、短暂性动词n n段动词、延续性动词n nBuy/borrow/leave/join/die/marry/come/go/lose/begin/stop/arrive/lendetc.整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiven nTrueorFalse?n nThemoviehasbegunforacoupleofminutes.n nIhavelefttheStatesfor9months.n nHehasborrowedthebook2weeks.n nMycousinhasjoinedthearmy1year.n nMygreatgrandpahasdiedsome30years.n nIhavearrivedherehalfanhour.n nIhavecaughtacoldforawhile.整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiven n但是，如果现在完成时的谓语动词是点动词的否定形式，那么这种动作是可以延续的。n nHehasntlefthomeforonemonth.n nIhaventseenyouforsolong.整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiveIts (time) sincen nItsbeen2yearssinceIleftmyhomecity.n nItsbeen2yearssinceIlivedinhere.n nIts2weekssinceIranatemperature.n nIts3monthssinceIgotmarried.n nItsbeen6weekssinceIwasmarried.整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiven nItisthefirst/second.lasttime+thatclause从句一律使用完成时n nItisthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeendrugtested.n nLastyearwasthefirsttimethatIhadtraveledtoOceania.整理课件整理课件PresentPerfectiveProgressiven nHavebeendoingn nHavedonen nCouldyoudifferentiate?整理课件整理课件PastPerfectiven nHad donen nHardly/scarcelyhadwhenn nnosoonerhadthanHardlyhadwemadeittherewhenthebumbegantofilecomplaints.整理课件整理课件Pastperfectiven nHope/think/expect/intend/mean/suppose/want使用过去完成时，可以表示过去未实现的希望、打算、意图。n nIhadhopedtoseatmyselfwithoutbeingrecognized.n nIhadintendedtocomevisityourfamilylastweek,butIgotsosick.整理课件整理课件Constructionsdenotingfuturetimen nWill/shalldon nBegoingtodon nBedoingn nBeaboutto/betodon nSimplepresentn nAnyexamples?整理课件整理课件Voicesn nActiveVoicen nPassiveVoice整理课件整理课件PassiveVoicen nBedonen nAm/is/are donen nWas/were donen nWill be done/be going to be donen nHas/have/had been donen nBe being done整理课件整理课件PassiveVoicen nBesupposedtodo?n nVi.无被动语态：happen,look,appear,die,last,lie,breakout,cometrueetc.n nMydreamshavebeencometrue?n nThecarwreckwashappenedatQuicktripthismorning?整理课件整理课件Its+pastparticiple+thatn nItssaid/believed/knownthat整理课件整理课件CausativeVerbn nlet/make/haveMyschooldistrictmakesthestudentgovernmentpostadsonthebillboards.Thestudentismadetopostadsonthebillboards.整理课件整理课件Senseverbsn nsee/watch/observe/lookat/hear/listento/noticeetc.n nHis stepmom hears him His stepmom hears him play play the piano every the piano every morning. morning. n nHe is heard to play the piano every morning.n nHis sister heard him playing percussion instruments next door. n nHe was heard playing percussion instruments next door. 整理课件整理课件CausativeVerbsn nLet/make/have等使役动词主动语态没有to,但在被动语态中要加加ton nLet/make/have somebody do somethingn nBe let/made to do somethingn nIletmybrotherdrinkteaeverymorning.n nMybrotherislettodrinkteaeverymorning.整理课件整理课件PassiveVoicen nNeed/require/want/demand/beworth后跟ing可表示被动概念。n nTheblockbusteriswellworthwatching.n nTherockingchairrequiresrepairing.n nThediaperneedschanging.整理课件整理课件PassiveVoicen n主动结构表被动主动结构表被动 （P176P176）n nTomatoesbruiseeasily.Tomatoesbruiseeasily.n nThemountainbikerideswell.Themountainbikerideswell.n nThewindowwonThewindowwon tshut.tshut.n nThedoordoesnThedoordoesn tlock.tlock.n nThefoodstoreclosesat5pm.Thefoodstoreclosesat5pm.n nThematerialwonThematerialwon twear.twear.n nHarryPottersellswell.HarryPottersellswell.n nPotatoescookslowly.Potatoescookslowly.n nHisworksareprinting.Hisworksareprinting.整理课件整理课件PassiveVoicen n不及物动词无被动语态，但是be+vi.pastparticiple是系表结构n nThegalisgone.n nThesunisalreadyrisen.n nTheleavesareallfallen.n nThedogisreturned.整理课件整理课件Assignmentn nTurntoPage666andcompletealltheexercisesthere.n nOh,my!Excuseme!Iamkiddingyouguys!整理课件整理课件Letsclosetodaysclasswithagame！n nChinesewhispern nThestatementyouwhisperisoneinwhichpassivevoiceisapplied.n nAnyways,thanksforyourpresencetoday!整理课件整理课件 虚拟语气虚拟语气SubjunctiveMoodLecture16P181整理课件整理课件 英语中的三种语气英语中的三种语气? ?陈述、祈使、虚拟陈述、祈使、虚拟整理课件整理课件虚拟语气虚拟语气（TheSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人说的表示说话人说的不是事实不是事实，而是一，而是一种种假设假设，愿望愿望，怀疑怀疑或或推测推测。Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishwouldbealoteasiertolearn.WhatisTheSubjunctiveMood?整理课件整理课件Letsgetstarted.I.If条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气整理课件整理课件时间时间谓语动词的虚拟形式谓语动词的虚拟形式从句从句主句主句现在现在动词过去式动词过去式动词过去式动词过去式（bebe多用多用多用多用werewere）would/should/could/would/should/could/might+might+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形 过去过去had+had+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词would/should/could/would/should/could/might+have+might+have+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词将来将来动词过去式或动词过去式或动词过去式或动词过去式或 should/should/wereto+wereto+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形would/should/could/would/should/could/might+might+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形整理课件整理课件Suppose,supposing?n n有时候if换成suppose,supposingetc.整理课件整理课件如果现在不下雨的话如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。我们就出去野餐了。Ifitwerenotrainingnow,wewouldgoforapicnic.如果懂英语如果懂英语,他就不会向我求助了。他就不会向我求助了。IfheknewEnglish,hewouldntturntomeforhelp.整理课件整理课件要是当初她被邀请的话要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加她就会去参加这次聚会了。这次聚会了。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.今天早上今天早上,妈妈要是不叫我的话妈妈要是不叫我的话,我就会我就会睡过头了。睡过头了。Ifmumhadntcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.整理课件整理课件要是我有足够的钱，我就买一辆新车。要是我有足够的钱，我就买一辆新车。IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyanewcar.要是失败了要是失败了,我会再试一次。我会再试一次。IfIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.明年我要是考上大学明年我要是考上大学,我就学法语专业。我就学法语专业。IfIweretobeadmittedtouniversitynextyear,IwouldmajorinFrench.整理课件整理课件在省略在省略if的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中的的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中的，提前提前.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldntgoout.Shoulditraintomorrow,Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.Wereittoraintomorrow,were,should,had倒装倒装整理课件整理课件1._hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A.wouldB.shouldC.shallD.if2._,mancouldnotliveatall.A.wereitnotforthesunB.ifitwasforthesunC.haditnotbeenforthesunD.ifitshouldntbeforthesun整理课件整理课件3._fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswouldnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.wouldyoubeB.shouldyoubeC.couldyoubeD.mightyoube4._，hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.IfheweretostudyB.IfhestudiedhardC.HadhestudiedhardD.Shouldhestudyhard整理课件整理课件5._earlieryouwouldhavemethim.A.IfyoucameB.IfyoudidcomeC.DidyoucomeD.Hadyoucome6._,Iwouldaccepttheinvitationandgototheparty.A.WereIyouB.WasIyouC.HadIbeenyouD.WouldIbeyou整理课件整理课件Variant：（1 1 1 1）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句（2 2 2 2）时间错综句）时间错综句）时间错综句）时间错综句（3 3 3 3）虚实错综句）虚实错综句）虚实错综句）虚实错综句整理课件整理课件1 1、含蓄条件句、含蓄条件句、含蓄条件句、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，如：出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，如：出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，如：出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，如： 介词介词介词介词without,butfor;without,butfor;副词副词副词副词otherwise,otherwise,连词连词连词连词:or,orelse:or,orelse等等等等ifitwerenotfor(现在或将来）现在或将来）ifithadntbeenfor(过去过去)1. 1.WithoutWithoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferentelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.today.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeA.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2. 2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.OtherwiseOtherwise, , she_somethingshewouldregretlater.she_somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaidA.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaidWithoutelectricity=Iftherewerenoelectricity整理课件整理课件Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Ifhehadntinformedmeof整理课件整理课件2、时间错综句、时间错综句5.Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,it_now.5.Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,it_now.A.wouldntdieB.isdeadA.wouldntdieB.isdeadC.hadbeendeadD.willnotdieC.hadbeendeadD.willnotdie6.Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday,he6.Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday,he_TVnow._TVnow.A.wouldwatchB.wouldhavewatchedA.wouldwatchB.wouldhavewatchedC.wouldbewatchingD.iswatchingC.wouldbewatchingD.iswatching整理课件整理课件3 3、虚实错综句、虚实错综句、虚实错综句、虚实错综句所谓所谓所谓所谓“ “虚实错综句虚实错综句虚实错综句虚实错综句” ”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。7.They_earlier,butthecarwasntready.7.They_earlier,butthecarwasntready.A.canhaveleftA.canhaveleftB.mayhaveleftB.mayhaveleftC.willhaveleftC.willhaveleft D.mighthaveleftD.mighthaveleft8.Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.8.Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.Yes.Ataxi_atallnecessary.Yes.Ataxi_atallnecessary.A.wasntA.wasntB.hadntbeenB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeC.wouldntbeD.wontbeD.wontbe整理课件整理课件Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.IfIhadntbeenbusy,整理课件整理课件II.should+verb型虚拟语气型虚拟语气n n虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用n n一坚持一坚持 insistinsistn n二命令二命令order,command,decreeorder,command,decreen n三建议三建议suggest,propose,advise,move,recommendsuggest,propose,advise,move,recommendn n四要求四要求demand,require,request,askdemand,require,request,ask*decide,prefer,vote,resolve*decide,prefer,vote,resolven n句型句型:(should)+verb.:(should)+verb.整理课件整理课件n n这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于名词性从句中。谓语由这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于名词性从句中。谓语由这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于名词性从句中。谓语由这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于名词性从句中。谓语由should+should+should+should+动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用 wouldwouldwouldwould，shouldshouldshouldshould在口语中可以略去。在口语中可以略去。在口语中可以略去。在口语中可以略去。n n1 1 1 1）在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成）在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成）在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成）在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成 n nIt is It is It is It is 过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词/natural /important/necessary /natural /important/necessary /natural /important/necessary /natural /important/necessary /strange/vital/a pity/a shame/imperative etc that /strange/vital/a pity/a shame/imperative etc that /strange/vital/a pity/a shame/imperative etc that /strange/vital/a pity/a shame/imperative etc that 句型句型句型句型n nIts natural that you make an apology to himIts natural that you make an apology to himIts natural that you make an apology to himIts natural that you make an apology to himn nIt is a pity that you should be carelessIt is a pity that you should be carelessIt is a pity that you should be carelessIt is a pity that you should be careless整理课件整理课件2）用于宾语从句 The young man insisted that he should be sent to The young man insisted that he should be sent to The young man insisted that he should be sent to The young man insisted that he should be sent to the frontthe frontthe frontthe front I suggested that we should start out earlier I suggested that we should start out earlier I suggested that we should start out earlier I suggested that we should start out earlier当当当当insistinsistinsistinsist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggestsuggestsuggestsuggest为为为为“说明说明说明说明”，“暗示暗示暗示暗示”的含义时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟的含义时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟的含义时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟的含义时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。语气。语气。语气。n n The Arab insisted that he hadnt seen the The Arab insisted that he hadnt seen the The Arab insisted that he hadnt seen the The Arab insisted that he hadnt seen the camelcamelcamelcameln nHis smile suggested that he was happyHis smile suggested that he was happyHis smile suggested that he was happyHis smile suggested that he was happy 整理课件整理课件3 3）表语从句。）表语从句。 这类名词有这类名词有 suggestionsuggestion，requestrequest，orderorder，adviceadvice，resolution, motion, ideaidea等等 “ “坚坚持持/ /命令命令/ /建议建议/ /要求要求”。n nThe officers order was that his The officers order was that his soldiers should go into the subject at soldiers should go into the subject at full lengthfull lengthn nMy advice is that no college student My advice is that no college student date in classdate in class整理课件整理课件4 4）同位语从句）同位语从句这类名词有这类名词有 suggestion/request/order/advice/resolutionsuggestion/request/order/advice/resolution/ / ideaidea等等“坚持坚持/ /命令命令/ /建议建议/ /要求要求”。n nI did not receive the order that you I did not receive the order that you should depart here at onceshould depart here at oncen nHis suggestion that you should keep His suggestion that you should keep silent is reasonablesilent is reasonable整理课件整理课件III.III.一般过去时型一般过去时型特征特征: :用一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完用一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去成时表示过去1 1 1 1）使用）使用）使用）使用could, wouldcould, wouldcould, wouldcould, would等过去式表示委婉语气等过去式表示委婉语气等过去式表示委婉语气等过去式表示委婉语气 Could you please help me out?Could you please help me out?Could you please help me out?Could you please help me out? 整理课件整理课件2）用于so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等引导的目的状语从句。They are climbing higher They are climbing higher They are climbing higher They are climbing higher so that/in order thatso that/in order thatso that/in order thatso that/in order that they could see the whole they could see the whole they could see the whole they could see the whole citycitycitycityShe is working hard She is working hard She is working hard She is working hard for fear thatfor fear thatfor fear thatfor fear that she should lag behind others. she should lag behind others. she should lag behind others. she should lag behind others. We spoke in whispers We spoke in whispers We spoke in whispers We spoke in whispers for fear thatfor fear thatfor fear thatfor fear that we might wake up the baby. we might wake up the baby. we might wake up the baby. we might wake up the baby. Themeetingwillbeputoffincaseit(should)rain.Themeetingwillbeputoffincaseit(should)rain. (incase(incase不一定使用虚拟不一定使用虚拟不一定使用虚拟不一定使用虚拟:IncaseIamlate,startwithoutme.):IncaseIamlate,startwithoutme.)She pulled away from the window She pulled away from the window She pulled away from the window She pulled away from the window lestlestlestlest anyone (should) see them. anyone (should) see them. anyone (should) see them. anyone (should) see them. *从句若为否定，一般用从句若为否定，一般用从句若为否定，一般用从句若为否定，一般用shouldntshouldntshouldntshouldnt。 He locked the door of his room in order that he shouldnHe locked the door of his room in order that he shouldnHe locked the door of his room in order that he shouldnHe locked the door of his room in order that he shouldn t be t be t be t be disturbed by someonedisturbed by someonedisturbed by someonedisturbed by someone整理课件整理课件 3)It is (high/about) time that3)It is (high/about) time thatn nIt is time that the problem were solvedIt is time that the problem were solvedn n It Its high time that we shut down for bed. s high time that we shut down for bed. 整理课件整理课件4）as if/as thoughn nHebehavesasifheweremyboss.n nTheyarestaringatmeasifIwerecrazy.n nItisasifhewerenotanalien.n nHedeliveredthespeechasiftosaythathewasapunditinthisfield.整理课件整理课件5)wishn nIwishIwereabird.n nIwishyouhadntgotmarried.整理课件整理课件6)Ifonlyn nIf only I could fly.If only I could fly.n nIf only I had remembered to get If only I had remembered to get some gum for everybody.some gum for everybody.整理课件整理课件7) would rather/would (just) as soon/would soonern nI would rather that my cousin hadnt I would rather that my cousin hadnt been intoxicated last night.been intoxicated last night.n nI would rather not tell you.I would rather not tell you.整理课件整理课件 IVIV动词原形型动词原形型该类型虚拟语气谓语用动词原形，第三人称该类型虚拟语气谓语用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加单数也不加“s”整理课件整理课件（1）表示强烈愿望。(P182)n nGodsavemen nLongliveChairmanMao!整理课件整理课件（2）用may放在句首表示说话人对对方的祝愿和祝福。n nMayyoubehappyn nMayyouprosper整理课件整理课件3）让步虚拟语气n nasas或者或者或者或者whetherorwhetheror谓语多用谓语多用谓语多用谓语多用bebe的原形，引导让步虚拟的原形，引导让步虚拟的原形，引导让步虚拟的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构n nChurchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousChurchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,betheyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,institutions,betheyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.andsoon.n nThebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingThebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.them,wentquitesmoothly.整理课件整理课件Application:1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetA.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset2.Whatshouldwedoifit_tomorrow?2.Whatshouldwedoifit_tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnowA.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow3.Iwouldhavegonevisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenpossible,butI3.Iwouldhavegonevisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenpossible,butI_fully_fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.occupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.wasA.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was4.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedtheproceedings_.4.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedtheproceedings_.A.ifhedidntgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadnthappenedA.ifhedidntgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadnthappenedC.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditselfC.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself 5.IfonlyI5.IfonlyItomyparentsadvice!tomyparentsadvice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistenedA.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened整理课件整理课件Game1n nIfA,Bn nIfB,Cn nIfC,Dn n整理课件整理课件Game2n nSplittheclassintotwogroupsandselect3Splittheclassintotwogroupsandselect3representativesfromrespectivegroups.representativesfromrespectivegroups.n nEachrepresentativewillhavetomakeuseofEachrepresentativewillhavetomakeuseofsubjunctivemoodtomakeasmanysentencesassubjunctivemoodtomakeasmanysentencesaspossiblewithinoneminute.possiblewithinoneminute.n nRequirement:Sentencesmustbeaccurate.Requirement:Sentencesmustbeaccurate.n nThegroupwhosaysthemostwins.Thegroupwhosaysthemostwins.整理课件整理课件Homeworkn n16B(P184)n n16C(P189)n nLetscallitadaynow!整理课件整理课件NominalClause名词性从名词性从句句Instructor:HanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn n1.Studentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesbycheckingtheassignment.n n2.Studentswillbeabletolearnaboutthenominalclausesthatfunctionassubject,object,subjectcomplement,andappositive.整理课件整理课件Dealwithassignmentn n16B(P184)n n16C(P189)整理课件整理课件1.Statement陈述句陈述句:n nWebelievethatheishonest.n nHeishonest.整理课件整理课件1.Statement陈述句陈述句:n nPaymentshouldbemadewithinfivedays.n nThesellerdemandedthatpaymentshouldbemadewithinfivedays.整理课件整理课件1.Statement陈述句陈述句:n n陈述句变宾语从句：加that,并且时态要发生相应变化。n nConnorisanalien.n nMr.HanconfirmedthatConnorwasanalien.整理课件整理课件1.Statement陈述句陈述句:n n如果是客观真理，时态不用变化。n nTheearthrevolvesroundthesun.n nThegeographyteachertaughtusthattheearthrevolvesroundthesun.整理课件整理课件1.Statement陈述句陈述句:n n 否定前移：否定前移：当主句的主语为第一人称且动词是当主句的主语为第一人称且动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,imagine,expectthink,believe,suppose,guess,imagine,expect， suspectsuspect等时，若从句是否定句，应当把否定句转等时，若从句是否定句，应当把否定句转移到主句上来。移到主句上来。 E.g:E.g: 1. 1. I I dondon t t thinkthink youyou areare right.right.E.g:E.g: 2. 2. WeWe didndidn t t guessguess thethe girlgirl s s teamteam wouldwould win.win. n nE.g:E.g: 3. 3. I I dondon t t supposesuppose youyou care.care. 整理课件整理课件2.GeneralQuestion一般疑问句一般疑问句n nAreyoualocal?n nMr.Hanaskedmewhether/ifIwasalocal.整理课件整理课件2.GeneralQuestion一般疑问句一般疑问句n nDoyoustillworkinthatchemicalplant?n nMyspouseaskedmewhetherIstillworkedinthatchemicalplant.整理课件整理课件2.GeneralQuestion一般疑问句一般疑问句n n加whether/if可以把一般疑问句变为宾语从句。n n保持陈述句语序。整理课件整理课件whether/if区别区别n n作介词宾语时只能使用whethern nItdependsonwhethertherainwillletuptomorrow.整理课件整理课件whether/if区别区别n n和不定式连用的时候只能使用whether.Idontknowwhethertovacationornot.整理课件整理课件whether/if区别区别n n和ornot连用时一般使用whether.n nItsnotcertainwhetherheisaconvictornot.整理课件整理课件whether/if区别区别n n如要表达“如果”的意思，只能使用if.n nIamwonderingifwewillhavethesportsmeetifwehaveaduststormtomorrow.整理课件整理课件whether/if区别区别n n在discuss,wonder后做宾语从句时，用whether引导。n nWearediscussingwhetherwewillputoffthemeeting.整理课件整理课件whether/if区别区别n n如果宾语从句放到句首，一般使用whether.n nWhetherhewilldivorce,Iamnotcertain.整理课件整理课件whether/if区别区别n n用在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中时只能用在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中时只能使用使用whether.whether.n nWhetheritistrueremainsaquestionWhetheritistrueremainsaquestion. .n nThequestioniswhetherthejurorhasanopenmind.Thequestioniswhetherthejurorhasanopenmind.n nThequestionThequestionwhetherwehavetodispatchforcesiswhetherwehavetodispatchforcesisstillpendingintheSenatestillpendingintheSenate. .整理课件整理课件Whether/if和和thatn nIdoubtwhether/ifn n我怀疑。是否n nIdontdoubtthat.n n我毫不怀疑。整理课件整理课件3.SpecialQuestion特殊疑问句特殊疑问句n nHowdoyoulocatemyhouseongoogleearth?n nHewantedtoknowhowIlocatedhishouseongoogleearth.整理课件整理课件3.SpecialQuestion特殊疑问句特殊疑问句n nWhoisresponsibleforthecross-bordercrime?n nInterpolarewonderingwhoisresponsibleforthecross-bordercrime.整理课件整理课件sum-upn n从句使用陈述句语序n n从句时态和主句时态保持一致。n n从句人称要和主句保持逻辑上的一致。整理课件整理课件2.Subjectclausesn nThattherenownedprofessorwilldeliveralectureiscertain.n nItssaidthatAnyangisoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesinCentralChinasHenanProvince.整理课件整理课件2.Subjectclausesn nWhetherhewillremarryornothasntbeendecided.n nIthasnotbeendecidedwhetherhewillremarryornot.整理课件整理课件2.Subjectclausesn nWhythegirlisnotinterestedinCaucasianguysismyquestion.整理课件整理课件2.Subjectclausesn nWhatresultedinthebigfireisstillamystery.n nWhoeverleavestheofficehastoshutthedoor.n n*注意whoever/whatever/however的用法整理课件整理课件3.Appositiveclausesn nTheideathatwewillextendaninvitationsoundsprettynice.n nThequestionwhetherwewillgotothemovieshasntbeensettled.整理课件整理课件4.Subjectcomplementn nThatswhatwearesupposedtodo.n nThequestionishowwecangettherewithin3hours.n nChinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.整理课件整理课件Applicationn n_yougo,youshouldbearyourmotherlandinmind.n nA.WhereB.Whenevern nC.HoweverD.Wherever整理课件整理课件Applicationn n_isunknowntousall.n nA.Wheredidsheputitn nB.Wheresheputitn nC.Thatwheresheputitn nD.Inwhichsheputit整理课件整理课件Applicationn nThereasonwhyIhavetogois_ifIdonThereasonwhyIhavetogois_ifIdon t. t.n nA.thatshewillbedisappointedA.thatshewillbedisappointedn nB.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.becauseshewillbedisappointedn nC.onaccountofherbeingdisappointedC.onaccountofherbeingdisappointedn nD.thatshewillbedisappointingD.thatshewillbedisappointing整理课件整理课件Applicationn nHeoftenthinksof_hecandomoreforthefourmodernizations.n nA.whatB.hown nC.thatD.which整理课件整理课件Applicationn n_Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.n nA.IfB.Whethern nC.EvenifD.Nomatterwhen整理课件整理课件Applicationn n_weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.n nA.WhenB.Whatn nC.ThatD./整理课件整理课件Applicationn nItsextremelydifficulttofillthemindsofthekidswiththeidea_theymustputalltheirheartsintoschoolwork.n nA.whichn nB.whatn nC.whethern nD.that整理课件整理课件Gamen nNo.7:Whoevermakesamistakehastomake1correct nominalclause.整理课件整理课件Youaredismissed!IwillseeyouinaweekbutIwillbemissingyouterribly.整理课件整理课件ModalVerbs(P191Lecture17)HanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn nStudentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesthroughapplication.n nStudentswillbeabletohaveamasteryofmodalverbs.整理课件整理课件Applicationn n1._weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.1._weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.n nA.WhenB.WhatC.ThatD./A.WhenB.WhatC.ThatD./n n2._Iacceptthegiftorrefuse,itisnoneofyourbusiness.2._Iacceptthegiftorrefuse,itisnoneofyourbusiness.n nA.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.NomatterwhenA.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.Nomatterwhenn n3._heisdoingseemsquitedifficult.3._heisdoingseemsquitedifficult.n nA.HowB.ThatC.WhichD.WhatA.HowB.ThatC.WhichD.Whatn n4._thatthereisanothergoodharvestthisyear.4._thatthereisanothergoodharvestthisyear.n nA.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.ItwassaidD.HewassaidA.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.ItwassaidD.Hewassaidn n5._thatshehasreceivedadoctorsdegree.5._thatshehasreceivedadoctorsdegree.n nA.ItsasplendidnewsA.Itsasplendidnewsn nB.ThisisasplendidnewsB.Thisisasplendidnewsn nC.ItssplendidnewsC.Itssplendidnews n nD.ThisissplendidnewsD.Thisissplendidnews整理课件整理课件Applicationn n6._stillneedstobediscussed.6._stillneedstobediscussed.n nA.HowistheplantobecarriedoutB.HowtheplanistobecarriedoutA.HowistheplantobecarriedoutB.Howtheplanistobecarriedoutn nC.WhyistheplancarriedoutD.WhytheplancarriedoutC.WhyistheplancarriedoutD.Whytheplancarriedoutn n7._isunknowntousall.7._isunknowntousall.n nA.WheredidsheputitA.WheredidsheputitB.WheresheputitB.Wheresheputitn nC.ThatwheresheputitC.ThatwheresheputitD.InwhichsheputitD.Inwhichsheputitn n8._nothingtodowithus.8._nothingtodowithus.n nA.WhathedidisA.Whathedidis B.WhathehasdoneisB.Whathehasdoneisn nC.WhatdidhedohasC.WhatdidhedohasD.WhathehasdonehasD.Whathehasdonehasn n9.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.9.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.n nA.whatB.thatC.howD.whyA.whatB.thatC.howD.whyn n10.ThereasonwhyIhavetogois_ifIdont.10.ThereasonwhyIhavetogois_ifIdont.n nA.thatshewillbedisappointedA.thatshewillbedisappointedn nB.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.becauseshewillbedisappointedn nC.onaccountofherbeingdisappointedC.onaccountofherbeingdisappointedn nD.thatshewillbedisappointingD.thatshewillbedisappointing整理课件整理课件ModalVerbsn n情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。整理课件整理课件1.Can/beableton n1）can/could表示先天的能力；可能(过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。n nTheywillbeabletowatchFoxnews.n nIhavebeenabletospeakbrokenJapanese.整理课件整理课件1.Can和和beableton n2 2）只用）只用beabletobeableto a.a.位于助动词后。位于助动词后。 b b. .情态动词后。情态动词后。c.c.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereabletowas/wereableto， 不不能用能用couldcould。n nHewasabletofleeEuropebeforeWWIIbrokeout.HewasabletofleeEuropebeforeWWIIbrokeout.n n=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.n nImaybeabletoaffordacopterinthefuture.Imaybeabletoaffordacopterinthefuture.n nTheladyshouldbeabletohaveababynextyear.Theladyshouldbeabletohaveababynextyear.整理课件整理课件1.Can和和beabletoCould/can:Could/can:1 1）提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用）提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用couldcould）。）。 -CouldIhavethetelevisionon?-CouldIhavethetelevisionon? -Yes,youcan./No,youcant.-Yes,youcan./No,youcant.2 2）在否定）在否定/ /疑问句中疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。表示推测或怀疑。Hecouldntbeabadman.Hecouldntbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。他不大可能是坏人。Can(Can(不能用不能用may)hebeherstepfather?may)hebeherstepfather?整理课件整理课件1.Can和和beableton ncannedmeat/fruitn nacanofSprite/Pepsi/Coke/7upn ntrashcann nanablestatesman整理课件整理课件2.may和和mightn n1 1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；maymay放在句首，表示祝放在句首，表示祝愿。愿。MayGodblessyou!MayGodblessyou!Hemightbeathome.Hemightbeathome.注意：注意： mightmight表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比maymay小。小。2 2） 成语：成语： may/mightaswellmay/mightaswell，后面接不带，后面接不带toto的不定式，意为的不定式，意为 不妨不妨 。 Inthatcase,wemayaswelltry.Inthatcase,wemayaswelltry.n n3 3）mightmight力量力量 mightymighty力量大的力量大的Almighty?Almighty?n n典型例题典型例题Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet. A.mustA.mustB.mayB.may C.canC.can D.willD.will答案答案B.B.表可能性只能用表可能性只能用may.may.此句意可从后半句推出。此句意可从后半句推出。整理课件整理课件3.Haveto和和mustn n1)1)两词都是两词都是两词都是两词都是 必须必须必须必须 的意思，的意思，的意思，的意思，havetohaveto表客观，表客观，表客观，表客观， mustmust表主观表主观表主观表主观Mybrotherthrewupatschool,soIhadtocallforadoctor.Mybrotherthrewupatschool,soIhadtocallforadoctor.n nHesaidthattheymustworkhard.Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.2)2)havetohaveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而有人称、数、时态的变化，而有人称、数、时态的变化，而有人称、数、时态的变化，而mustmust只有一种形式。但只有一种形式。但只有一种形式。但只有一种形式。但mustmust可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。Hehastoattendhissisterafterschool.Hehastoattendhissisterafterschool.3 3） 在否定结构中：在否定结构中：在否定结构中：在否定结构中： donthavetodonthaveto 表示表示表示表示“ “不必不必不必不必” ” mustntmustnt表示表示表示表示 禁止禁止禁止禁止 YoudonthavetobuyanLVforme.YoudonthavetobuyanLVforme. Youmustntplaysocceronthestreet.Youmustntplaysocceronthestreet.整理课件整理课件4.Must表示肯定推测表示肯定推测n nmustmust表示推测表示推测表示推测表示推测 n nYouhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired. Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didntitItmusthaverainedlastnight,didntit？Itmusthaverained,hasntit?Itmusthaverained,hasntit?Hemusthavebeenthereforlong,hasnthe?Hemusthavebeenthereforlong,hasnthe?比较：比较： Hemustbestayingthere.Hemustbestayingthere.Hemuststaythere.Hemuststaythere.整理课件整理课件4.must表示推测表示推测n n特别注意特别注意: :否定推测用否定推测用cant/couldnt,cant/couldnt,不可以使用不可以使用mustntmustntn nIfTomdidntleavehereuntilfiveoclock,hecantbehomeIfTomdidntleavehereuntilfiveoclock,hecantbehomeyet.yet.整理课件整理课件5.其他情态动词的推测用法其他情态动词的推测用法n nShould(not)havedoneShould(not)havedonen nOught(not)tohavedoneOught(not)tohavedonen nCan/couldhavedoneCan/couldhavedonen nCan/couldnothavedoneCan/couldnothavedonen nMay/mighthavedoneMay/mighthavedonen nMay/mightnothavedoneMay/mightnothavedonen nNeed(not)havedoneNeed(not)havedonen nMusthavedoneMusthavedone整理课件整理课件7.Should和和oughtton nshould和和oughttoshould和oughtto都为应该的意思，可用于各种人称。-Oughthetogo?-Yes.Ithinkheoughtto.表示要求，命令时，语气由should(应该)、hadbetter(最好)、must(必须)渐强。整理课件整理课件8.Hadbettern nhadbetterhadbetter表示表示表示表示 最好最好最好最好 hadbetterhadbetter相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。面要跟动词原形。hadbetterdosthhadbetterdosthhadbetternotdosthhadbetternotdosthItisprettycold.Youdbetterputonmycoat.Itisprettycold.Youdbetterputonmycoat.Shedbetternotplaywiththedog.Shedbetternotplaywiththedog.hadbetterhavedonesthhadbetterhavedonesth表示与事实相反的结果，意为表示与事实相反的结果，意为 本来最好本来最好 。Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.整理课件整理课件9.Wouldrathern nwouldratherwouldrather表示表示表示表示 宁愿宁愿宁愿宁愿wouldratherdowouldratherdowouldrathernotdowouldrathernotdowouldratherthanwouldratherthan 宁愿宁愿宁愿宁愿而不愿。而不愿。而不愿。而不愿。还有还有还有还有wouldsoonerwouldsooner, ,hadrather,hadsoonerhadrather,hadsooner都表示都表示都表示都表示 宁愿宁愿宁愿宁愿 、 宁可宁可宁可宁可 的意思。的意思。的意思。的意思。IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题-Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?-Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?-Which_do?-Which_do? A.doyouratherA.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherB.wouldyourather C.willyouratherC.willyourather D.shouldyouratherD.shouldyourather答案答案答案答案B B。本题考查情态动词。本题考查情态动词。本题考查情态动词。本题考查情态动词ratherrather的用法，的用法，的用法，的用法，wouldrather+dosthwouldrather+dosth意为意为意为意为 宁愿宁愿宁愿宁愿 ，本题为疑，本题为疑，本题为疑，本题为疑问句，问句，问句，问句，wouldwould提前，所以选提前，所以选提前，所以选提前，所以选B B。整理课件整理课件10.Will和和wouldn nwillwill和和和和wouldwould 注意：注意： 1 1）wouldlikewouldlike； Wouldliketodo=wanttoWouldliketodo=wantto想要，为固定想要，为固定搭配。搭配。 Wouldyouliketogowithme?Wouldyouliketogowithme?2 2）Will/wouldyou?Will/wouldyou?WouldyoulikeWouldyoulike? ?表示肯定含义表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,some,而不是而不是anyany。 Wouldyoulikesomecake?Wouldyoulikesomecake?3 3）否定结构中用否定结构中用willwill，一般不用，一般不用would,wontyouwould,wontyou是一种是一种委婉语气。委婉语气。 Wontyousitdown?Wontyousitdown?n n44）WouldWould比比willwill更委婉。更委婉。n nWouldyoupleaseclosethewindowforme?Wouldyoupleaseclosethewindowforme?整理课件整理课件11.need和和daren n这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 needneed作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带toto，而，而daredare作实义动词作实义动词用时用时, ,后面的后面的toto时常可以被省略。时常可以被省略。1)1)实义动词：实义动词： needneed（需要（需要, ,要求）要求） need+n./todosthneed+n./todosth2)2)情态动词：情态动词： needneed，只用原形，只用原形needneed后加后加dodo，否定形式为，否定形式为neednotneednot。Needyougoyet?Needyougoyet?Yes,IYes,Imustmust./No,Ineednt./No,Ineednt.3 3)need)need的被动含义的被动含义:need,want,demand,require,beworth:need,want,demand,require,beworth后后面接面接doingdoing也可以表示被动：也可以表示被动：needdoing=needtobedoneneeddoing=needtobedonen nThetableneedsrepairing.Thetableneedsrepairing.整理课件整理课件12.need和和daren nHeHedared notdared notgoforawalkonhisowninthebroadgoforawalkonhisowninthebroaddaylight.daylight.n nI Idare dare youtojumpdownstairs.youtojumpdownstairs.n nIdontIdontdaredare(to)(to)offendmymentor.offendmymentor.n nYouYoudont need todont need tooffermearideonadailybasis.offermearideonadailybasis.n nYouYouneedntneedntoffermearideonadailybasis.offermearideonadailybasis. n n试判断以上五个句子中试判断以上五个句子中need/dareneed/dare哪些地方时实义哪些地方时实义动词，哪些是情态动词。动词，哪些是情态动词。 整理课件整理课件如何区分情态和实义动词如何区分情态和实义动词?n n1.是否有Sn n2.是否可以直接否定加notn n3.其后是否有to整理课件整理课件13.usedton ndidntuseto=usedntton nDidyouusetospeakJapanese?DidyouusetospeakJapanese?=UsedyoutospeakJapanese?=UsedyoutospeakJapanese?WheredidyouusetopracticeTaijiquan?WheredidyouusetopracticeTaijiquan?=WhereusedyoutopracticeTaijiquan?=WhereusedyoutopracticeTaijiquan?n nausedcar/book:ausedcar/book:StudentslikebuyingusedbooksbecausetheyareStudentslikebuyingusedbooksbecausetheyarecheap.cheap.n nbeusedtodoing:beusedtodoing:Iamnotusedtoeatingtoastforbreakfast.Iamnotusedtoeatingtoastforbreakfast.n nbeusedtodo:beusedtodo:Timberisusedtomakepaper.Timberisusedtomakepaper.n nbeusedfor:beusedfor:Itsusedformakingsportswear.Itsusedformakingsportswear.n nbeusedas:beusedas:Thebookisusedasatextbook.Thebookisusedasatextbook.整理课件整理课件Would和和usedto的区别的区别:n nWould只与动态动词连用；而只与动态动词连用；而usedto可以和可以和动态动词、静态动词连用。动态动词、静态动词连用。n nIusedtosuspecthewasamugger.n nGirlswouldplaysoftballinhighschool.整理课件整理课件14.半情态动词半情态动词n nBesupposedtodoBesupposedtodon nBeaboutto/beableto/beaptto/beboundto/bedueBeaboutto/beableto/beaptto/beboundto/bedueto/beliableto/beobligedto/besureto/beto/hadto/beliableto/beobligedto/besureto/beto/hadbetter/hadbest/haveto/cometo/failto/getto/tendtobetter/hadbest/haveto/cometo/failto/getto/tendtoetc.etc.n nBecertainto/belikelyto/appearto/chanceto/happenBecertainto/belikelyto/appearto/chanceto/happento/seemto/turnoutto=itthat.to/seemto/turnoutto=itthat.n nWhenitcomestodetailedinformation,youmayreferWhenitcomestodetailedinformation,youmayrefertoyourgrammarsonPage210andtoyourgrammarsonPage210and211.211. 整理课件整理课件Letsclosetheclasswithagame!n nDuration:30secondsDuration:30secondsn nProcedures:PickonerepresentativebyplayingthegameProcedures:PickonerepresentativebyplayingthegameNo.7.No.7.n nEachcompetitortakeshis/herturntosayasmanyEachcompetitortakeshis/herturntosayasmanystatementsaspossible.Theteamwhohasthemoststatementsaspossible.Theteamwhohasthemoststatementswinthegame.statementswinthegame.n nPleasenotethatinthestatement,theremustbeamodalPleasenotethatinthestatement,theremustbeamodalverb.verb. n nReward:Thewinnergroupmayexittheclassroomfirst.Reward:Thewinnergroupmayexittheclassroomfirst.整理课件整理课件InfinitiveHanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn nStudentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesthroughapplication.n nStudentswillbeabletohaveagoodknowledgeofinfinitiveandknowtherespectivefunctionsofthe3non-finiteforms.整理课件整理课件Applicationn n1.We_haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehave1.We_haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.(2006donethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.(2006天津卷天津卷) )n nA.neednA.needn tB.maynotC.shouldntB.maynotC.shouldn tD.mustntD.mustn t tn n2. 2.IthinkIIthinkI llgiveBobaring.llgiveBobaring.You_.YouYou_.Youhavenhaven tbeenintouchwithhimforages.(2006tbeenintouchwithhimforages.(2006江苏卷江苏卷) )n nA.willB.mayC.havetoD.shouldA.willB.mayC.havetoD.shouldn n3. 3.Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?“NopersonNoperson_smokeorcarryalightedcigarette_smokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipecigarorpipeinthisarea.inthisarea.” ”(2007(2007四川卷四川卷) )n nA.willB.mayC.shallD.mustA.willB.mayC.shallD.must整理课件整理课件Applicationn n4. 4.Shelooksveryhappy.She_havepassedtheexam.Shelooksveryhappy.She_havepassedtheexam.IIguessso.Itguessso.It snotdifficultafterall.(2007snotdifficultafterall.(2007江苏卷江苏卷) )A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.mightA.shouldB.couldC.mustD.mightn n5.5.Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereWhereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.yesterday.You_itinthewrongplace.(2007You_itinthewrongplace.(2007江西卷江西卷) )A.mustputB.shouldhaveputA.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveputn n6.6.HowHow syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?It_be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.(2007It_be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.(2007全国全国I)I)n nA.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustA.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must整理课件整理课件Infinitive主语主语主语主语宾语宾语宾语宾语表语表语表语表语定语定语定语定语状语状语状语状语补语补语补语补语to doto doYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesdoingdoingYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesdonedonenonononoYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes整理课件整理课件主语主语n nToattendpatientsisnursesprimarywork.n nItsnursesprimaryworktoattendpatients.n nNoddingyourheadupanddownisbelievedtomeanNOinsometribesofIndia.整理课件整理课件宾语宾语n nWerejoicedtoseeherbackfromabroad.n nIdontfeellikehavingaswimtoday.整理课件整理课件表语表语n nDisneysgreatestwishwastobeafamousartist.n nMyhostmomshobbyisgardening.n nThesunisrisen.整理课件整理课件定语定语n nIhaveaspacioushousetolivein.n nHeisalwaysthelaststudenttoshowup.n nIhaveastrongdesiretotraveltheworld.n nCrowdsofstrandedpassengersareeverywhereinthewaitinglounge.n nThefallenleavesareimmediatelysweptbythecustodians.整理课件整理课件状语状语n nTocatchthefasttrain,Ihadtodepartearly.n nHavinglaggedbehindeducationally,Yangwasupset.n nHeatedtoacertaintemperature,steelmelts.整理课件整理课件补语补语n nIalwaysobservetheassociatesuperintendentaddressthesekindofissues.n nIwillgetmyChryslergoingagain.n nWesawmanyredwoodtreesfallentothegroundafterthecatastrophicstorm.整理课件整理课件ing/todo/done与与have/getn nHaveHavedo/doing/do/doing/donedone补语补语n nGetGettodo/doing/donetodo/doing/done补语补语n nGetgoing/movingGetgoing/movingn nAclusterofmisconductallegationshastheSanDiegoAclusterofmisconductallegationshastheSanDiegopolicechieffumingandofficialsscramblingforpolicechieffumingandofficialsscramblingforreform.reform. n nMarahadherfingersburnedwhilecooking.Marahadherfingersburnedwhilecooking.n nIwillgetmyChryslergoing.IwillgetmyChryslergoing.整理课件整理课件不定式的被动式不定式的被动式n nThenewplaytobeputontonightwillbealotoffun.n nThelaundryistobewashedassoonaspossible.整理课件整理课件不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式n nNot/nevertodon nIwarnthemnevertosmokeinthefacilities.n nIrecommendpeoplenottoeatjunkfoodlikeMcDonaldshamburgers.整理课件整理课件不定式做主语不定式做主语n nItsupliftingtoreceiveamessagefrommybosseveryonceinawhile.n nItssofoolishofyoutodropcoinsinthefaceofsuchbrazenbeggars.n nNote:如果形容词是说明逻辑主语的性格特征，应用of取代for: wise, clever, nice, silly, rude, cruel, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, natural etc.整理课件整理课件n n比较n nItsnatural(天性)ofadogtobiteastranger.n nItsnatural（自然的）forpeopletohelpeachotherintimesofdifficulty.整理课件整理课件不定式做宾语不定式做宾语(P237)n nAgree/aim/apply/arrange/choose/claim/decide/demanAgree/aim/apply/arrange/choose/claim/decide/demand/desire/determine/endeavor/expect/hope/learn/manad/desire/determine/endeavor/expect/hope/learn/manage/offer/pledge/prepare/pretend/profess/promise/refusge/offer/pledge/prepare/pretend/profess/promise/refuse/resolve/seek/swear/threaten/undertake/venture/volue/resolve/seek/swear/threaten/undertake/venture/volunteer/vowetc.nteer/vowetc.Theyseektocurbtheinflation.Theyseektocurbtheinflation.Vickyofferedtogivemearideonadailybasis.Vickyofferedtogivemearideonadailybasis.Thekidsvolunteeredtofeedthestraydog.Thekidsvolunteeredtofeedthestraydog.Iresolvenevertoseeheragain.Iresolvenevertoseeheragain.LadenLaden sacolytevowedtoavengehisdeath.sacolytevowedtoavengehisdeath.整理课件整理课件不定式做补语不定式做补语(P238)n nthink/consider/believe/suppose/feel/find/imagine/prove/declare/find/discover/feel/judge/understand等动词后可以使用tobe结构作补语，也可省略。n nWeallconsiderourmotherlandtobeinfluentialintheworldarena.n nTaiwanisthoughttobeaninalienablepartofChina.n nWeimagine/supposehertobeover50.整理课件整理课件不定式结构中动词的省略不定式结构中动词的省略n nIshallcomeifIwantto.n nHedoesntdancenow,butheusedto.整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况n nWhynotn nWhynottakeapairofrainbootswithyou?整理课件整理课件不带不带to的不定式做补语的不定式做补语n nCausativeverbsCausativeverbs使役动词使役动词:make/let/have:make/let/haven nSenseVerbsSenseVerbs感官动词感官动词: :See/watch/notice/observe/feel/hear/listento/lookatSee/watch/notice/observe/feel/hear/listento/lookatn nLetmemeasureyou,sir.Letmemeasureyou,sir.n nWefeltthehouseshakeatlunchtime.Wefeltthehouseshakeatlunchtime.n n变被动语态时需要加上变被动语态时需要加上to.to.n nThekidismadetofinishuphisassignment.Thekidismadetofinishuphisassignment.n nWesawLeeweep.WesawLeeweep.n nLeewasseentoweep.Leewasseentoweep.n nWesawLeesobbing.WesawLeesobbing.n nLeewasseensobbing.Leewasseensobbing.整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况n nHadbetterdo/hadbetternotdo.n nWouldratherdo/wouldrathernotdo等情态动词后n nIhadbetterputonmygloves.整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况Haveknown+宾语之后Ihaveneverknownthatladysmile.HaveyoueverknownMarvintellalie?但是在被动语态中，to必须使用。Marvinhasneverbeenknowntotellalie.整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况n nBut/except句型中:如果前面有do,后面要省略to.n nHedoesnothingbutcomplain.n nIcouldntdoanythingelseexceptsitthereandpray.n nIcouldntsayanythingbuttolisten.整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况n nSVC句型中，如果主语部分有do的某种形式，那么表语可带to也可以不带to.n nAllyouhavetodonowis(to)waitandsee.n nTheleastIcandois(to)driveeverybodyelseclosertotheissuewhetherBinLadenhasbeenkilled.整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况n n不带to的动词叠加结构（P221）n nMakebelieve/makedowith/makedoon/letdrop/letfall/letfly(at)/letslip/letgo(of)/leavegoof/heartell(of)/(let)gohang/hearsayn nItshardtoletgoofmyexgirlfriend.n nThemanmakesbelieveheisamultimillionaire.整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况n n一些口语短语中n nGovisityourfolksn nComelookn nIwilltryhelpn nTryeatalittlebitn nGomailthepackage整理课件整理课件to被省略的情况被省略的情况n nhelpdo=helptodon nHelpsb.todo=helpsb.don nCannothelpbutdon nIcannothelpbut(不得不)admirehistalent.n n比较：n nWecouldnthelpburstingintoalaughter.整理课件整理课件不定式符号不定式符号to与介词与介词to的辨别的辨别19.2.3(P226-228)n nWhenitcomesto,submitto,admitto,clingto,resortto,beWhenitcomesto,submitto,admitto,clingto,resortto,bereducedto,bedevotedto,getdownto,withaviewto,owingreducedto,bedevotedto,getdownto,withaviewto,owingto,asto,thanksto,withaneyeto,inadditionto,beresignedto,asto,thanksto,withaneyeto,inadditionto,beresignedtoto听任听任,bereconciledto,bereconciledto安心于安心于 etc.etc.n nWeadheretotherules.Weadheretotherules.n nHeadmittedtohavingstolentheofferings.Headmittedtohavingstolentheofferings.n nTheBaptistchurchwasreducedtodebrisafterthedevastatingTheBaptistchurchwasreducedtodebrisafterthedevastatingtornadoinNorman.tornadoinNorman.n nWhenitcomestolearningEnglish,Mr.Leeisapundit.WhenitcomestolearningEnglish,Mr.Leeisapundit.n nHeisresignedtolosingthegame.Heisresignedtolosingthegame.n nIamnowquitereconciledtolivinginthehistoricalcity.Iamnowquitereconciledtolivinginthehistoricalcity.整理课件整理课件Assignmentn n19A(P223)n n19B(P224)n n19C(P228)n n19D(P229)整理课件整理课件Thanksforyourpresencetoday!整理课件整理课件-ingparticiple-edparticipleHanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn nStudentswillchecktheirassignmentandevaluatetheirunderstandingofinfinitive.n nStudentswilllearnthevariousfunctionsofingparticipleandedparticiple.整理课件整理课件CheckHomeworkn n19A(P223)n n19B(P224)n n19C(P228)n n19D(P229)整理课件整理课件只能接只能接Ing做宾语的动词做宾语的动词P241n nAdmit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, canAdmit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, can t help, t help, cancan t resist, cant resist, can t stand, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, t stand, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, dondislike, don t mind, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade, facilitate, fancy, t mind, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade, facilitate, fancy, favor, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep (on), mind, miss, pardon, favor, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep (on), mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practice, put off, resent, report, risk, stop, suggestpostpone, practice, put off, resent, report, risk, stop, suggest等。等。n nIdetesthavingtogetupearlyoverweekends.Idetesthavingtogetupearlyoverweekends.n nInChina,nobodyresistsbargainingatroadsideshops.InChina,nobodyresistsbargainingatroadsideshops.n nIfyoutrytoevadepayingyourtaxes,youwillriskgoingtoprison.Ifyoutrytoevadepayingyourtaxes,youwillriskgoingtoprison.n nTheshipdeferreditssailingbecauseofbadweather.Theshipdeferreditssailingbecauseofbadweather.整理课件整理课件带属格的带属格的Ing结构做宾语和主语结构做宾语和主语n nIdontmindMarysbeinginquisitive.n nIdontmindMarybeinginquisitive.n nIdontmindhisbeinginquisitive.n nIdontmindhimbeinginquisitive.n nMarys/Hisbeinginquisitiveisencouragedbyherparents.整理课件整理课件V+O+prep.+ing(P242-243)n nIntoInto让。做。让。做。n nTrick/mislead/shame/surprise/talk/trap/beguile/blackmail/cajole/coerce/decTrick/mislead/shame/surprise/talk/trap/beguile/blackmail/cajole/coerce/deceive/foolsomebodyintodoingeive/foolsomebodyintodoingn nFromFrom不让。做不让。做n nStop/prevent/keep/Stop/prevent/keep/hinder/restrain/savesomebodyfromdoinghinder/restrain/savesomebodyfromdoingn n注意注意:keepsomebodyfromdoing+keepsomebodydoing:keepsomebodyfromdoing+keepsomebodydoingn n注意注意: :在主动语态中可以省略在主动语态中可以省略from,from,但在被动语态中不可以。但在被动语态中不可以。n nThelittlekidwaspreventedfromjumpingoutofthecoach.Thelittlekidwaspreventedfromjumpingoutofthecoach.n nTheswindlertrappedthegirlsTheswindlertrappedthegirlsintointoboardingaTibet-boundtrain.boardingaTibet-boundtrain.n nWepreventedthecoalmineblastWepreventedthecoalmineblastfromfromhappeningagain.happeningagain.整理课件整理课件V+O+prep.+doingn nThanksomebodyfordoingThanksomebodyfordoingn nCongratulatesomebodyondoingCongratulatesomebodyondoingn nAccusesomebodyofdoingAccusesomebodyofdoingn nChargesomebodywithdoingChargesomebodywithdoingn nAcquitsomebodyofdoingAcquitsomebodyofdoingn nScotlandYardaccusedthemanScotlandYardaccusedthemanofofdisruptingPrinceWilliamdisruptingPrinceWilliam s swedding.wedding.n nPattersonwaschargedPattersonwaschargedwithwithspeedingonI-66.speedingonI-66.n netc.etc.整理课件整理课件可以接可以接todo和和doing做宾语的动词做宾语的动词P246n ndoing:习惯性、经常性n ntodo：将来、一次性n nWilliamlikesswimming.n nWilliamlikestoswimthisafternoon.整理课件整理课件可以接可以接todo和和doing做宾语的动词做宾语的动词P246-248n n能带能带todotodo和和inging而意义没有什么区别的动词：而意义没有什么区别的动词：n n1.begin,cannotbear,cease,continue,dread,like,1.begin,cannotbear,cease,continue,dread,like,love,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,startlove,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,start等后用等后用ing,ing,todotodo均可。均可。n nIdreadtothinkofraisingakid.Idreadtothinkofraisingakid.n nIalwaysneglectcallingtheroster.Ialwaysneglectcallingtheroster.n nIneglectedtofinishuptheassignment.Ineglectedtofinishuptheassignment.整理课件整理课件能带能带todo和和ing而意义没有什么区别而意义没有什么区别的动词的动词n n2.need,want,require,deserve,beworth,demand后用doing表示tobedone.n nTheletterneedssigningbythemanager.n nTheseorphanedkidswantlookingafter.整理课件整理课件能带能带todo和和ing而意义没有什么区别而意义没有什么区别的动词的动词n n3.begin/starttodo=doingn n若跟静态动词，要使用todo;n n如果begin/start已经是ing形式，那么后面只能跟todo.n nItsbeginningtorain.n nIstartedtorealizeitsarealwhopper.整理课件整理课件能带能带todo和和ing而意义没有什么区别而意义没有什么区别的动词的动词n n4.attempt,intend,plantodo=doing,但是不定式比较普遍。n nMycousinintendstomarry=Mycousinintendsmarrying.n nWeareintendingtoleavenextweek(leaving:FALSE).整理课件整理课件跟跟todo和和ing意义不同的动词意义不同的动词n n1.remember/forget/regret接doing表示已经做过的事情，接todo表示还没有做的事情。n nDoyoustillremembermakingfunofmelastAprilFoolsDay?n nIwillnotforgettotakeashowerbeforegoingtobed.整理课件整理课件跟跟todo和和ing意义不同的动词意义不同的动词n n2.stop/leaveoff/goon/continuedoing表示正在进行的事情，todo表示另外一件事情。n nHestoppedtohavearecess.n nHestoppedteachinggrammar.整理课件整理课件跟跟todo和和ing意义不同的动词意义不同的动词n n3.trytodo+trydoingn nmeantodo+meandoingn ncanthelp(to)do+canthelpdoingn nIdidntmeantohurtyou.n nImeanspendingfourdaysinNewYorkCityandanothersixdaysinVancouver.整理课件整理课件跟跟todo和和ing意义不同的动词意义不同的动词n n4.agree,decide4.agree,deciden nAgreetodo+agreeondoingAgreetodo+agreeondoingn nDecidetodo+decideondoingDecidetodo+decideondoingn nsuggestsb.todosthFalsesuggestsb.todosthFalsen nagreesb.todosth.Falseagreesb.todosth.Falsen nTheydecidedtoelope.Theydecidedtoelope.n nTheydecidedoneloping.Theydecidedoneloping.整理课件整理课件跟跟todo和和ing意义不同的动词意义不同的动词n n5.encourage/permit/allow/recommend/advise/authorizesb.todosth.=doingn nIencouragemystudentstobeinquisitive=Iencouragestudentsbeinginquisitive.n nIdontallowsmoking.=Idontallowstudentstosmoke.整理课件整理课件-edparticiple(P251-253)n nEd分词做定语的两种情况:n n1.不及物动词:仅表示动作完成n nFallenleaves,risensun,expiredlease,witheredflowers,escapedprisonern n2.及物动词（表示动作完成和被动）n nFrozenfood,boredtourist,avideotapedclass,spokenEnglish整理课件整理课件比较比较ed和和ing做定语做定语n nRisingsunrisensunn nFallingleavesfallenleavesn nFreezingweatherfrozenmeatn nspeakingbirdspokenlanguagen nLosingbattle必败之仗lostbattle败仗整理课件整理课件Ed分词作定语的特殊情况分词作定语的特殊情况P253bendbendBentBentBent, bended Bent, bended 定语定语Bent Bent 表语表语blessblessBlessedBlessedblessedblessedBlessed, blestBlessed, blestBindBindBoundBoundboundenboundenboundboundDrinkDrinkDrunkDrunkdrunkendrunkendrunkdrunkLightLightLitLitlightedlightedlitlitMeltMeltMeltedMeltedmoltenmoltenmeltedmeltedRotRotRottedRottedrottenrottenrottenrottenShaveShaveShavedShavedshavenshavenshavedshavedShrinkShrinkShrunkShrunkshrunkenshrunkenshrunkshrunkSinkSinksunksunksunkensunkensunksunkbelovedbelovedbelovedbeloved整理课件整理课件examplesn nAlightedcandlen nAdrunkendrivern nWell-shavenfacen nAblessedeventn nMoltenmetaln nRottenmeatn nShrunkenface整理课件整理课件DanglingParticiple垂悬分词垂悬分词/独立主格结构独立主格结构n n非谓语动词做状语时，前后主语一致。非谓语动词做状语时，前后主语一致。n nTomakemyselfheard,Ihadtoraisemyvoice.Tomakemyselfheard,Ihadtoraisemyvoice.n nHavingleftmykeyinthehouse,IhadtowaittillmyHavingleftmykeyinthehouse,Ihadtowaittillmywifecameback.wifecameback.n nTorturedbyhisstepmom,hewasheartbroken.Torturedbyhisstepmom,hewasheartbroken. n n在前后主语不一致的情况下要使用垂悬分词，即在前后主语不一致的情况下要使用垂悬分词，即独立主格结构。独立主格结构。n nHistutorcomingtovisit,hewasabundleofnerves.Histutorcomingtovisit,hewasabundleofnerves.整理课件整理课件1.(with/without)+名词名词/代词代词+不定不定式式n nAhousetobebuilt,wemusttightenthebelt.n nNowhereisLiLei,WeiFangtocometomorrow.n nWithoutBinLadentoserveastheirshepherd,itspossibleal-Qaidawillfurtherfragment.整理课件整理课件2.(with/without)+名词名词/代词代词+-ing分词分词n nThebuscomingheresoon,weshouldgeteverythingready.n nMotherbeingill,LiLeiwasveryworried.整理课件整理课件3.(with/without)+名词名词/代词代词+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词n nHiscupbroken,heusedhisbowlinstead.整理课件整理课件4.(with/without)+名词名词/代词代词+形容词形容词n nThegroundmuddy,weshouldbecareful.整理课件整理课件5.(with/without)+名词名词/代词代词+副词副词n nTheclassover,weallwentouttoplay.整理课件整理课件6.(with/without)+名词名词/代词代词+介词短语介词短语n nGlassesinhand,heaskedwherehisglasseswere.n nIMFchiefwaschargedwithsexassault,Franceinshock.n nTheteacherenteredthetheaterroom,booksinhand=somebooksinhishand.整理课件整理课件Examplesn n1 1、Therebeingnothingelsetodo,theywentaway.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,theywentaway.由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词ing;ing;表原因）表原因）2 2、MissWangcameintotheclassroom,booksinhand.MissWangcameintotheclassroom,booksinhand.王老师走进教室，手里拿着书。（无动词结构；表伴随）王老师走进教室，手里拿着书。（无动词结构；表伴随）3 3、Theoldmansatinhischair,hiseyesclosed.Theoldmansatinhischair,hiseyesclosed.老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。（名词老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。（名词ed;ed;表状态）表状态）整理课件整理课件Examplesn n4 4、Classover,webegantoplaybasketball.Classover,webegantoplaybasketball.放学了，我们开始玩篮球。（名词副词；表时间）放学了，我们开始玩篮球。（名词副词；表时间）5 5、Withoutonemorewordspoken,hepickedupthepaper.Withoutonemorewordspoken,hepickedupthepaper.没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。（过去分词；表伴随）没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。（过去分词；表伴随）6 6、Thelastguesttoarrive,ourpartystarted.Thelastguesttoarrive,ourpartystarted.最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。（名词不定式；最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。（名词不定式；表时间）表时间）整理课件整理课件Examplesn nWeatherpermitting,wewillgocyclingtomorrow.n nIgothomelateintheevening,mylegsfeelingsosore.整理课件整理课件Examplesn nGenerallyspeakingGenerallyspeaking,girlsoutnumberboysforEnglish,girlsoutnumberboysforEnglishmajors.majors.n nJudgingfromJudgingfromhisbehavior,heisaprettysophisticatedhisbehavior,heisaprettysophisticatedguy.guy.n nThatThat stosay,stosay,ChinesepeopleareveryChinesepeopleareveryaccommodatingtointernationalteachers.accommodatingtointernationalteachers.n nTobehonest,Tobehonest,IdonIdon tquiteappreciateJapaneseOFA.tquiteappreciateJapaneseOFA. n nTotellthetruthTotellthetruth,Ilikegrammarclassesbest.,Ilikegrammarclassesbest.n netc.etc.整理课件整理课件Homeworkn n21A(P243)n n21C(P245)n n21D(P248)n n22A(P254)n n22B(P255)n n22C(P255)整理课件整理课件Letsclosetheclasswithagame!n nDuration:30secondsDuration:30secondsn nProcedures:PickonerepresentativebyplayingthegameProcedures:PickonerepresentativebyplayingthegameNo.7.No.7.n nEachcompetitortakeshis/herturntosayasmanyEachcompetitortakeshis/herturntosayasmanystatementsaspossible.Theteamwhohasthemoststatementsaspossible.Theteamwhohasthemoststatementswinthegame.statementswinthegame.n nPleasenotethatinthestatement,theremustbeamodalPleasenotethatinthestatement,theremustbeamodalverb.verb. n nReward:Thewinnergroupmayexittheclassroomfirst.Reward:Thewinnergroupmayexittheclassroomfirst.整理课件整理课件Thanksforyourpresence!n nHaveafunday!整理课件整理课件TagQuestionandExistentialSentenceHanGuojun整理课件整理课件Objectivesn nStudentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesthroughapplicationandhomework.n nStudentswillbeabletolearntagquestionsandexistentialsentences.整理课件整理课件Application:DanglingParticiplen n1.Ihavealotofbooks,halfof_novels.1.Ihavealotofbooks,halfof_novels.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.themA.whichB.thatC.whomD.themn n2._moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,manyanimals2._moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,manyanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.arefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.becauseB.asC.WithD.SinceA.becauseB.asC.WithD.Sincen n3.Thebuswascrowdedwithpassengersgoinghomefrom3.Thebuswascrowdedwithpassengersgoinghomefrommarket,mostof_carryingheavybagsandbasketsmarket,mostof_carryingheavybagsandbasketsfulloffruitandvegetablestheyhadboughtthere.fulloffruitandvegetablestheyhadboughtthere.A.themB.whoC.whomD.whichA.themB.whoC.whomD.whichDCADCA整理课件整理课件n n4.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwas4.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout200,000silverpennies,allofoneofabout200,000silverpennies,allof_over600yearsold._over600yearsold.A.whichB.thatC.themD.itA.whichB.thatC.themD.itn n5.Thecave_verydark,helitsome5.Thecave_verydark,helitsomecandles_light.candles_light.A.was;givenB.was;togiveA.was;givenB.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togiveCDCD整理课件整理课件n n6.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand6.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand_agunagunandhisfaceandhisface_withsweat.withsweat.Aheld;coveredB.holding;coveringAheld;coveredB.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;coveringn n7.Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlong7.Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlong_hair.hair.A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreezeA.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreezeC.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreezeC.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreezen n8.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,their8.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessonslessons_fortheday.fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinishedA.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinishedCDBCDB整理课件整理课件n n9.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayingin9.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_parentsseatedtogetherjoking.thepark,_parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.thatA.theirB.whoseC.whichD.thatn n10.TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,one10.TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,oneaToyota,_LandRoverofthelatest.aToyota,_LandRoverofthelatest.A.anotherB.otherA.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothersC.theotherD.theothersADAD整理课件整理课件CheckHomeworkn n21A(P243)n n21C(P245)n n21D(P248)n n22A(P254)n n22B(P255)n n22C(P255)整理课件整理课件TagQuestions(P317-319)n n原则:n n前否后肯n n前肯后否整理课件整理课件n n1.主语是-body,-one时，反意疑问句主语可以使用he/theyn nEverybodyishere,isnthe?n nNobodycalledmewhenIwasoutoftown,didthey/didhe?整理课件整理课件n n2.主语是-thing时，反意疑问句的主语用it.n nNothingcanstopChinafromlayingclaimtoallSpratlyIslands,canit?n nSomethingiswrongwiththeEuropeanpopulation,isntit?整理课件整理课件n n3.therebe存在句中，根据实际情况而定。n nThereusedtobeanelderlylady,usednt/didntthere？n nTherewillbeanIAUPtriennialconferenceinNYCthiscomingJune,wontthere?整理课件整理课件n n4. 4.如果陈述部分带有否定词，例如，如果陈述部分带有否定词，例如，seldom,seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothinghardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing等，等，后面反意疑问句使用肯定。后面反意疑问句使用肯定。n nInevergetdrunk,doI?Inevergetdrunk,doI?n nHardlyanystudentsgetmarriedininlandprovinces,Hardlyanystudentsgetmarriedininlandprovinces,dothey?dothey?n n注意注意: :如果带有否定前缀或后缀，要被视为肯定。如果带有否定前缀或后缀，要被视为肯定。n nShedislikesAsians,doesnShedislikesAsians,doesn tshe?tshe?Sheseemssocareless,doesnSheseemssocareless,doesn tshe?tshe?整理课件整理课件n n5.Iam-arentI?n nIamprivileged,arentI?整理课件整理课件n n6.否定前移的动词:suppose,think,believe,suspect,imagineetc.n nIsupposeheisserious,isnthe?n nIdontsuspectheisaburglar,ishe?n nYouthinkIammistaken,dontyou?n nYoudontthinkIhavemadeastupiddecision,doyou?整理课件整理课件n n做主语，反意疑问句部分主语可以使用one/you.n nOnecanneverbetoocareful,canone/you?整理课件整理课件n n8.动词have:n nYouhaveaMerriamWebsterdictionary,dontyou?n nYouhavekeptthenewsasatopsecret,haventyou?n nShedoesnthaveacheckingaccount,doesshe?n nWeallhadafantastictime,didntwe?整理课件整理课件n n9.oughtto-shouldnt/oughtntn nChildrenoughttolistentotheirparents,shouldnt/oughtntthey?整理课件整理课件n n10.usedto:usednt/didntn nThechairmanusedtoaddresstheseissues,didnt/usednthe?整理课件整理课件n n11.need/dare?n nYouneedtocometomorrow,dontyou?n nYouneedntcometomorrow,needyou?n nYoudarenotcommitsuicide,dareyou?n nYoudontdaretosleeponthestreet,doyou?整理课件整理课件n n12.must?12.must?n na).a). mustmust作作作作“ “必须必须必须必须” ”解释，解释，解释，解释， mustntmustnt作作作作“ “不允许不允许不允许不允许” ”解释时解释时解释时解释时 TheyThey mustmust cleanclean thethe floor,floor, mustntmustnt they/needntthey/neednt they?they?n nWeWe mustmust staystay atat home,home, mustntmustnt we?we?n nWeWe mustntmustnt bebe late,late, must/maymust/may we?we?n n2).2). mustmust表示推测时：表示推测时：表示推测时：表示推测时： n nTheyThey mustmust bebe playingplaying basketball,basketball, mustntmustnt they?they?n n但在国内的英语考试中，但在国内的英语考试中，但在国内的英语考试中，但在国内的英语考试中，mustmust表示推测时反意疑问句一般跟表示推测时反意疑问句一般跟表示推测时反意疑问句一般跟表示推测时反意疑问句一般跟mustmust后的后的后的后的词一致。词一致。词一致。词一致。n nTheymustbetired,arenTheymustbetired,aren tthey?tthey?n nTheymusthavewaitedforsolong,havenTheymusthavewaitedforsolong,haven tthey?tthey?n nItmusthaverainedheavilylastnight,didnItmusthaverainedheavilylastnight,didn tit?tit?n nn n在国内的考试中，通常被认为正确的答案为：在国内的考试中，通常被认为正确的答案为：在国内的考试中，通常被认为正确的答案为：在国内的考试中，通常被认为正确的答案为： n nYourYour brotherbrother mustmust bebe anxiousanxious toto knowknow thethe particulars,particulars, isntisnt he?he?n nHeHe mustmust havehave arrivedarrived byby air,air, didntdidnt he?he?整理课件整理课件n n13.13.祈使句祈使句:willyou,won:willyou,won tyou,wouldyoutyou,wouldyou。n nMailthelettertoday,willyou?Mailthelettertoday,willyou?n nTrytobebackbytwo,wonTrytobebackbytwo,won tyou?tyou?n nIfyouwanthelp,letmeknow,wouldyou?Ifyouwanthelp,letmeknow,wouldyou?n n【注注】若陈述部分为否定，反意疑问句只用若陈述部分为否定，反意疑问句只用willwillyouyou：n nDonDon tforgettodroptheletter,willyou?tforgettodroptheletter,willyou?n nLetLet sussus,shallwe?,shallwe?n nLetusLetus,willyou?,willyou?整理课件整理课件n n14.Iwish:mayI?n nIwishtovisityousometimethisyear,mayI?整理课件整理课件ExistentialSentenceP327-329n n1.Therebe外，也可以根据具体情况使用thereexist/remain/happen/occur/come/arise/stand/lie/live等。n nTherearisesanewtheory.n nTherehappenedamassivequakeinJapan.n nThereusedtoliveanelderlyman.整理课件整理课件n n2.做介词宾补n nFortheretobesofewpeopleinthestreetswasbizarre.n nIamrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.整理课件整理课件n n3.做宾语n nTheBoardofDirectorswanttheretobelesscaraccidents.整理课件整理课件n n4.做主语n nTherebeingasino-U.S.economicforumisaboostforthebilateraltiesbetweenthetwosuperpowers.整理课件整理课件n n5.做状语n nTherebeingsuchafatchance,Ioptedout.整理课件整理课件Assignmentn n27E(P320)n n28B(P329)整理课件整理课件Imitateanimalsn nThisgamelastsaround5minutesandthuscanbeusedrightafterthesecondhourbegins.n nEachparticipantofthegroupthatdoesntcarryonwellhastostate3pointstaughttoday.整理课件整理课件Relative/AttributiveClauseP379-389HanGuojun13569090642整理课件整理课件Objectivesn nStudentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesviahomework.n nStudentswillbeabletolearnrelativeclauses.整理课件整理课件CheckHomeworkn n27E(P320)n n28B(P329)整理课件整理课件RelativeClausen n定语从句是由定语从句是由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为所以又称为形容词性从句形容词性从句，一般跟在，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面它所修饰的先行词后面整理课件整理课件关系词关系词n n引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系关系词有关系代词和关系副词词有关系代词和关系副词。n n关系代词关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，绝对没有what；n n关系副词系副词有where,when,why等。整理课件整理课件n n先行词先行词n n被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。整理课件整理课件关系代词引导的限定性定语从句关系代词引导的限定性定语从句n nwho指人在从句中做主语指人在从句中做主语n n(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.n n(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人.整理课件整理课件n nwhomwhom指人指人指人指人n n在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：whowho和和whomwhom已无太大区已无太大区别，基本可以通用。区别是别，基本可以通用。区别是whowho可以做主语而可以做主语而whomwhom不可以，不可以，whomwhom前前可以加介词如可以加介词如towhomtowhom，但是，但是whowho不可以）不可以） n n(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedwithonthebus.(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedwithonthebus.刘先生刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人. .n n(2)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.(2)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.凌先生恰巧就是我凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩想见的那个男孩. .n n(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.你刚刚见到你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友的那个人就是我的朋友. .n n注意：关系代词注意：关系代词whomwhom在口语和非正式语体中常用在口语和非正式语体中常用whowho代替，可省代替，可省略。略。 n n如果在从句中做宾语如果在从句中做宾语, ,就用就用whomwhom或或who.who.比如比如:Heistheman:Heisthemanwhom/whoItalkto.whom/whoItalkto.他就是那个和我聊天的男人他就是那个和我聊天的男人. .n n如果是在从句中作主语就只能用如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.who.比如比如:Heisthemanwhohas:HeisthemanwhohasanEnglishbook.anEnglishbook.他就是那个有英语书的男人他就是那个有英语书的男人. .整理课件整理课件n nwhosewhose通常指人也可指物通常指人也可指物通常指人也可指物通常指人也可指物n n在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。 n nHehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.n nIoncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.n nwhosewhose指物时通常以以下结构来代替指物时通常以以下结构来代替 n nTheclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonbeTheclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.repaired.n nTheclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonbeTheclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.repaired.n nDoyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?n nDoyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?整理课件整理课件n nwhich指物指物n n在定语从句中做主语，表语，定语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。n nFootballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.n nThisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.整理课件整理课件n nthat指人时指人时n n相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。n n在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?整理课件整理课件n n*代表物时多用代表物时多用whichwhich，但在下列情况中用，但在下列情况中用thatthat而而不用不用whichwhich： n na)a)先行词是先行词是anything,everything,nothing,noneanything,everything,nothing,none等等不定代词不定代词时；时； n nb)b)先行词由先行词由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,muchmuch等修饰时，这时的等修饰时，这时的thatthat常被省略；常被省略； n nc)c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时；时； n n整理课件整理课件n nd)d)先行词中既有人又有物时；先行词中既有人又有物时；ThesearethefacilitiesandstudentsthataremostwantedbytheThesearethefacilitiesandstudentsthataremostwantedbythevisitingprofessors.visitingprofessors.n ne)e)整个句中前面已有整个句中前面已有whichwhich，whowho时；时；n nWhichisthebookthatyouborrowedtwoweeksago?Whichisthebookthatyouborrowedtwoweeksago?n nWhoisthemanthatcalledyoulastnight?Whoisthemanthatcalledyoulastnight?n nf) f)当先行词为物并作表语时；当先行词为物并作表语时； n nItsnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.Itsnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.n ng)g)先行词为先行词为oneone时；时； n nh)h)先行词同时又被先行词同时又被theonly,thevery,thesametheonly,thevery,thesame修饰时；修饰时； 整理课件整理课件关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句n nwhen指时间指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用n nIstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.n nThetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.整理课件整理课件n nwhere指地点指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语n nShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.n nThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.整理课件整理课件n nwhywhy指原因指原因指原因指原因, ,在定语从句中做原因状语在定语从句中做原因状语 n n(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.n n(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.n n注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“ “介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词” ”引导的从句替换引导的从句替换 n n(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationis(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,notclear,n n(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschool(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.整理课件整理课件注意事项注意事项n n1.when1.when引导定语从句表示时间引导定语从句表示时间引导定语从句表示时间引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“ “timetime一词的定语从句只用一词的定语从句只用一词的定语从句只用一词的定语从句只用whenwhen引导，引导，引导，引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用thatthat引导。引导。引导。引导。 n nBythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 n nIstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.n n我仍然记得我第一次见到她。我仍然记得我第一次见到她。我仍然记得我第一次见到她。我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 n nEachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetcsuchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。 n n每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。多。多。多。 整理课件整理课件n n2.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时，常用thereis来引导n nThereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou.这里有人要和你说话。整理课件整理课件非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.which1.which引导的非限定性定语从句作用是说明前面整个句子引导的非限定性定语从句作用是说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 2.当先行词是专有名词、物主代词或当先行词是专有名词、物主代词或指示代词指示代词所修饰时，其所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： n nCharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastCharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.year.查理查理 史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 n nMyhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelyMyhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 n nThisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isveryThisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 n n整理课件整理课件n n3. 3.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词可将整个主句作为先行词, ,对其进行修对其进行修饰饰, ,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： n nHeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichHeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.greatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 n nLiquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledLiquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 n n4.4.有时有时asas也可用作关系代词也可用作关系代词n nAsyoumayknow,Iamamarriedmannow.Asyoumayknow,Iamamarriedmannow.n n5.5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词whywhy和关系代和关系代词词thatthat，而用，而用who,whomwho,whom代表人，用代表人，用which,whosewhich,whose代表事物，代表事物，如果需要用如果需要用whywhy，可用，可用forwhichforwhich代替代替. .； n n整理课件整理课件限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的比较句的比较n nTheelderlyladyhastwosonswhoworkinNanjing.n nTheelderlyladyhastwosons,whoworkinNanjing.n n有何不同？整理课件整理课件介词和关系代词介词和关系代词n n1 1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 n n2 2）thatthat前不能有介词。前不能有介词。 n n3 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的 介词介词+ +关系词关系词 结构可以同关系副词结构可以同关系副词when,wherewhen,where和和whywhy互换。互换。 n nThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago. n nThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago. n nDoyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub? n nDoyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?n nThisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.n nThisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.整理课件整理课件介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句n n关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 n n从句常由介词从句常由介词+ +关系代词引导关系代词引导 n n当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which/whomwhich/whom即即“ “介介词词+which/whom+which/whom且不能省略。但当介词位于末尾时可用且不能省略。但当介词位于末尾时可用that/which/who/whom.that/which/who/whom.作介词的宾语，且可以省略。例如：作介词的宾语，且可以省略。例如： n n(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.that/which(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.that/which可省略可省略 n n=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.which=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.which不省略不省略 n n(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.n n=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.n n(3)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoften(3)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.talkedabout.n n=Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoften=Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalkedtalked整理课件整理课件n n注意：n n1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等n nTThisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T正确)n nFThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F错误)整理课件整理课件n n2.2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whomwhom，不可用，不可用whowho或者或者thatthat；指物时用；指物时用whichwhich，不，不能用能用thatthat；关系代词是所有格时用；关系代词是所有格时用whosewhosen n(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(T)n nThemanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)n n(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadais(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)verycomfortable.(T)n nTheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisveryTheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)comfortable.(F)整理课件整理课件n n3.“3.“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词” ”前可有前可有some,any,none,both,all,some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,fewneither,most,each,few等代词、数词或者名词。等代词、数词或者名词。 n n(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomarevery(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.kindtohim.n n(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.whichhavegonebad.n n(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostof(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.whomarefrombigcities.n n（4 4）Theboat,thenameofwhichisTopsail,isfamous.Theboat,thenameofwhichisTopsail,isfamous.n n（5 5）Iboughtmanybooksyesterday,threeofwhichareIboughtmanybooksyesterday,threeofwhicharewrittenbyLuXun.writtenbyLuXun.整理课件整理课件As/whichn nasas和和whichwhich在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处是：是：asas引导的定语从句可置于句首，而引导的定语从句可置于句首，而whichwhich不可。不可。 n n asas的用法例示的用法例示的用法例示的用法例示n n例例1.thesameas1.thesameas；suchassuchas中的中的asas是一种固定结构是一种固定结构, ,和和一样一样。 n nIhavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).n n例例2.as2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有可引导非限制性从句，常带有 正如正如 。 n nAsweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth. n nAsisknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth. n nAsAs是关系代词。例是关系代词。例1 1中的中的asas作作knowknow的宾语；的宾语； n n例例2 2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词knowknow要用被动式。要用被动式。 整理课件整理课件双重定语从句双重定语从句n n双重定语从句:一个先行词，两个或多个定语从句n nYouwilleasilyfindus;justlookforahousewhosewindowsneedwashingandwhosefenceneedsrepairing.n nSheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheviolin.n nThecatkilledtheratthatatethemaltthatlayinthehousethatJackbuilt.整理课件整理课件关系词在双重定语从句中的省略关系词在双重定语从句中的省略n n当两个定语从句处于同一层次时，只能省略第一个定语从句中的用作宾语的关系词。n nThebestplayShakespearewrote,butwhichIhaventread,isprobablyKingLear.n nHeisthemanImeetattheclubeverydayandwhomIhaveinvitedhometodinnertonight.整理课件整理课件嵌入式定语从句嵌入式定语从句n nTheHovdeshaveafosterdaughterwhotheysaywasTheHovdeshaveafosterdaughterwhotheysaywasanorphan.anorphan.n nInstead,onFriday,Instead,onFriday,theWhiteHousetookastepthattheWhiteHousetookastepthatmostexpertsagreewillhaveamodestimpactmostexpertsagreewillhaveamodestimpact: :announcingfocusedsanctionsagainstthreeseniorannouncingfocusedsanctionsagainstthreeseniorofficials,includingabrotherandacousinofMr.officials,includingabrotherandacousinofMr.Assad.Assad.整理课件整理课件n n区分定语从句和区分定语从句和同位语从句同位语从句 n n1 1、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；关系； n n同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系说明的关系 n n(1)Theplanethathasjusttakenoffisfor(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.London.定语从句定语从句 n n(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位同位语从句语从句 n n整理课件整理课件n n2 2、定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句、定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；中充当成分，有时可以省略； n n同位语从句主要由同位语从句主要由thatthat引导，在句中一般不做成分；引导，在句中一般不做成分； n n句子也可以由句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,whatwhen,where,how,why,whether,what等等词引导，充当成分词引导，充当成分 n n(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.n n(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.n n(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecan(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.collectsomuchmoney.定语定语 n n(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyis(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.difficulttosolve.整理课件整理课件n n3 3、 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用同位语从句和先行词一般可以用bebe动词发展成动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以发展成一个一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以发展成一个完整的句子，完整的句子， n n(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherfor(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.adviceiswonderful.同位语同位语 n n(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacher(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.foradvice.n n(3)Thefactthatthemoonmovesaroundthe(3)Thefactthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.earthisknowntoall.n n(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthe(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthearth整理课件整理课件Homeworkn n33B(P385)整理课件整理课件n nThankyoufornotfallingasleepforthesepasttwohours!整理课件整理课件CleftSentenceInversionHanGuojun13569090642整理课件整理课件Objectiven nStudentswillbeabletoevaluatethemselvesandlearncleftsentencesandinversion.整理课件整理课件Checkhomeworkn n33B(P385)整理课件整理课件CleftSentencen n句型:Itis/wasthat/who.n n强调句一般强调的是主语、状语和宾语。n n特征:把its.that/who这个强调句型的框架去掉句子完全成立。整理课件整理课件n n强调主语:n nItwasJohnwhogaveMaryahandbagatChristmas.整理课件整理课件n n强调状语:n nItwasatChristmasthatJohngaveMaryahandbag.整理课件整理课件n n强调宾语：n nItwasKateMiddletonwhoPrinceWilliamgotmarriedtoonApril29th2011.整理课件整理课件强调谓语强调谓语n n可以通过do/did/does来强调谓语n nPrinceCharlesdidloveDianawhentheyfirstmet.n nOverweekends,hedoesgetupthatlate.整理课件整理课件特殊疑问句的强调句特殊疑问句的强调句n nw/h+isitthat+陈述句n nHowwasitthattheyputyouupinthatsqualidmotel?n nWhyisitthatTulsaisnothardhitbycatastrophictornadoes?整理课件整理课件notuntil的强调句型的强调句型n nItis/wasnotuntilthatn nItwasnotuntilIdisembarkedfromthelinerthatIrealizedhowsoremybodywas.n n比较n nNotuntilIdisembarkedfromthelinerdidIrealizehowsoremybodywas.整理课件整理课件强调句中的主语和谓语动词形式必强调句中的主语和谓语动词形式必须保持一致须保持一致n nItisthelatePopewhoisgoingtobecanonized.n nItsChinaandIndiathatalwaysbackthecallforinternationalpeacebutstopshortofcondemningviolence.整理课件整理课件注意区分强调句的引导词注意区分强调句的引导词it和先行和先行itn nItissurprisingthatMaryshouldhavewonthe1stprize.n nItisMarywhohaswonthe1stprize.整理课件整理课件注意区分注意区分it在时间从句中和强调句型在时间从句中和强调句型中的不同用法中的不同用法n nItwas1959whenmassstarvationsweptthroughChina.n nItwasin1959thatmassstarvationsweptthroughChina.整理课件整理课件InversionP450-452n n部分倒装n n全部倒装整理课件整理课件部分倒装部分倒装n n1.Only+1.Only+状语状语n nOnlyyesterdaydidIfindmyCasiowasmissing.OnlyyesterdaydidIfindmyCasiowasmissing.n nOnlythroughsheerluckdidhemanagetogetsomeOnlythroughsheerluckdidhemanagetogetsometickets.tickets.n nOnlybecausetherewerecancelledbookingsdidheOnlybecausetherewerecancelledbookingsdidhegetsometicketsintheend.getsometicketsintheend.n n注意注意:“only+:“only+主语主语” ”不倒装不倒装n nOnlyfreshmenreceivemilitarytraining.Onlyfreshmenreceivemilitarytraining.整理课件整理课件部分倒装部分倒装n n2.2.否定词置于句首否定词置于句首:little,rarely,scarcely,hardly,notonly,seldom,not:little,rarely,scarcely,hardly,notonly,seldom,notuntil,never,atnotimeetc.until,never,atnotimeetc.n nNeverhaveIbeentoEurope.NeverhaveIbeentoEurope.n nNotonlydidthemechanicoverchargeme,buttheydidntdoaverygoodNotonlydidthemechanicoverchargeme,buttheydidntdoaverygoodrepairjobeither.repairjobeither.n nNosooner/hardly(scarcely)hadItookmyseatthan/whenIwatchedtheNosooner/hardly(scarcely)hadItookmyseatthan/whenIwatchedthebreakingnewsthatatrainderailedinAlishan.breakingnewsthatatrainderailedinAlishan. n nAtnotimeshouldyoutakearisk.Atnotimeshouldyoutakearisk.n n注意注意notuntilnotuntil强调不倒装强调不倒装 倒装不强调倒装不强调n nNotuntillastnightdidIrealizehewasmybiologicalfather.NotuntillastnightdidIrealizehewasmybiologicalfather.T Tn nItsnotuntillastnightdidIrealizehewasmybiologicalfather.ItsnotuntillastnightdidIrealizehewasmybiologicalfather.F F整理课件整理课件部分倒装部分倒装n n3.省略if的虚拟语气n nHadIbeentoEurope,IwouldhavepaidavisittoVatican.n nShouldthetemperatureclimbupto95degrees,Iwouldstayinthepoolalldaylong.n nWereittorain,wewouldplaypokerathome.整理课件整理课件部分倒装部分倒装n n4.as/though引导的让步状语从句:n n形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+其他n nHardasdiamondis,wecanstillcutit.n nHardasheworks,hestilldoesntpassBand4.n nBoyasheis,hedoesnthavethegutstoskydive.n nTryasyoumay,youwillfaileventually.整理课件整理课件部分倒装部分倒装n n5.However/nomatterhown nHoweverdifficulttheworkmayturnouttobe,wewillfinishitupassoonaspossible.整理课件整理课件部分倒装部分倒装n n6.感叹句+疑问句n nWhatanawesomepageantitwas!n nHowareyoudoing?整理课件整理课件部分倒装部分倒装n n7.Invain,gladly,always,often,once,manyatime7.Invain,gladly,always,often,once,manyatime等等方式状语方式状语/ /频度副词置于句首，有时可引起局部倒频度副词置于句首，有时可引起局部倒装。装。n nGladlywouldIpaymoreifIcouldgetbetterserviceGladlywouldIpaymoreifIcouldgetbetterservicebydoingso.bydoingso.n nManyatimehasmytutorgivenmevaluableinput.Manyatimehasmytutorgivenmevaluableinput.n nOftendowewarnthemnottosmokeinpublicOftendowewarnthemnottosmokeinpublicfacilities.facilities.n nAlwayswillwerememberhim.Alwayswillwerememberhim.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n1.So/suchthat句型中把so/such置于句首:So+形容词引起全部倒装，但是so+副词则引起部分倒装。Sodangerousweretheavalanchesthatskiinghadtobesuspended.SorapidlydidthetwisterripthroughSouthernUnitedStatesthatalmostnobodywasabletotakecover.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n2.So“也”n nIlikeeatinggarlicsproutsalot,sodoyou.n n比较n nMymomlikesblanchedgarlicleaves,soshedoes/sodoI.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n3.Neither/nor也不n nIhaventbeentoMiddleEast,neither/norhaveyou.n nIamnotCaucasian,neither/norareyouguys.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n4.here/there/out/in/up/down/away/off4.here/there/out/in/up/down/away/off位于句首（代位于句首（代词不全倒）词不全倒）n nHerecomesthebus.Herecomesthebus.n nTheregoesthebell.Theregoesthebell.n nTherestandsatemple.Therestandsatemple.n nOutwentthekids.Outwentthekids.n nIncamethefacultyandstaff.Incamethefacultyandstaff.n nUpflewthespaceship.Upflewthespaceship.n nDownwenttheprice.Downwenttheprice.n nAwayhewent.Awayhewent.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n5.介词短语、副词短语等状语成分置于句首n nIntheauditoriumsit200rookies.n nOntheroofrunsawildcat.n nOnthewallhangsalargemapofChina.n nEastofthetownliesabreathtakinglake.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n6.形容词/过去分词等表语置于句首n nHappyindeedarethosewhoreceivemarvelousnewsafteralongsilence.n nGonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.n nPresentheretodayaretheinternationalstudents.n nHiddenbehindthedoorismy11-year-oldniece.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n7.Now/then置于句首，谓语动词用come,主语是名词而不是代词。n nNowcomesyourturn.n nThencameanewproblem.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n8.为协调长句子起见。n nTheyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatahandicappedman.整理课件整理课件全部倒装全部倒装n n9.祝愿n nLongliveChairmanMao!整理课件整理课件Gamen nChinesewhisper整理课件整理课件n nThankyouforyourpresenceandyouallhaveafulfillingday!n nThisclassmarkstheendofmylecturesbutIdohopeyouwontkeepyourgrammarssleepingatalltimes.Instead,youaresupposedtohaveareviewofgrammarrulestimeandtimeagainintheyearsahead.n nThanksagain!整理课件整理课件n nYoumaystayincontactwithmepermyemail,orcellphone:n n13569090642整理课件整理课件