GrammarThe Relative Clause定语从句定语从句的根本概念定语从句的根本概念1定定语语从从句句是是整整个个句句子子充充任任定定语语, , 来来修修饰饰名名词词或或代代词词。被被定定语语从从句句所所修修饰饰的的词词叫叫先先行行词词，定定语语从从句句普普通通紧紧跟跟先先行行词词。定定从从普普通通用用关关系系代代词词或或关关系系副副词词引引导导，关关系系词词在在含含义义上上替替代代先先行行词词, ,并并在在定定语语从从句句中充任一个成分。中充任一个成分。定语从句的根本概念定语从句的根本概念2vThe man who came to see me this morning is my cousin. v今天早晨来看我的人是我表弟. 先行词 定语从句 关系代词作主语，不可省 定语从句的根本概念定语从句的根本概念3v关系代词：关系代词：v代人代人: who主语主语/宾语，宾语，whom宾语宾语v代物代物: which主语主语/宾语宾语v代人或物代人或物: that (主语主语/宾语宾语)vWhose 某人的某人的/某物的某物的, 先行词的一切格先行词的一切格)；v关系代词在从句中做主语，不能省略关系代词在从句中做主语，不能省略;v做宾语，可以省略。做宾语，可以省略。 定语从句的根本概念定语从句的根本概念4v关系副词：关系副词：vWhere 表示地点，在定从中作地点状语表示地点，在定从中作地点状语;vWhen 表示时间，在定从中作时间状语表示时间，在定从中作时间状语;vWhy 表示缘由，在定从中作缘由状语。表示缘由，在定从中作缘由状语。 v关系代词关系代词vwhichvwho / whomvthatv关系副词关系副词vwhenvwherevwhyv窍门窍门:v先找定语从句所先找定语从句所修饰的先行词修饰的先行词;v再判别定从里短再判别定从里短少成分吗少成分吗?v如缺成分如缺成分, 缺的缺的是什么成分是什么成分? 主主语还是宾语语还是宾语? v1. Do you know the lady _ gave us a speech last week ?v(who, that)v2. The book _ cost me 1,200 yuan is an encyclopaedia.v(which, that) v3. He is a man _ we should learn from.v(whom, who, that, / )v4. That is the place _ I was born.v(where) v5. Ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye. v(when)v6. That is the reason _ I am not in favor of the plan. v(why)v7. I cannot forget the days _ we spent together. v(that, which, / )v8. I cannot forget the days _ we were together. v(when)v9. I know the forest _ you can find wild strawberries. v(where)v10. I know the forest _ you can find wild strawberries in.v(which) = I know the forest in which you can find wild strawberries.v11. That was not the reason _ he gave the other day.v(that, which)v12 . This is the reason _ may explain his absence.v(that, which) v13. Have you seen the movie _ we are talking about? v(which, that, / ) vHave you seen the movie about _ we are talking? v(which; 介词一旦提早,宾语不能省略!)v14. Is she the teacher _ your parents once talked to? v(who, whom, that, / )vIs she the teacher to _ your parents once talked?v(whom)v15. The tool _ he is working with is called a tin opener. v(which, that, / )vThe tool with _ he is working is called a tin-opener. v(which)v16. The gift was sent by her son _is serving in the army. v(who, that)v17. The gift was sent by her son, who is serving in the army.v(16, 限制性定从, 限定作用;v 17, 非限制性定从, 补充修饰作用) v18. How many students are there in your class _ homes are in Pudong new area? v(whose)v19. They have invited us to visit their school, which is very kind of them. v(非限制性定从中的which还可以指代前面一句话!)v20. The road was widened, which was exactly what we wanted. vTrue or False? Please refer to your handouts! 只用只用that, 不能用不能用which的的5种情况种情况A. 领领先行先行词词是不定代是不定代词时词时 (anything，everything，nothing，all，little)1. Do you have anything that you dont understand?2. Everything that can be done has been done. 3. Im not interested in all that he told me. =Im not interested in what he told me. 宾宾从从 vB. 领先行词被最高级描画词所修饰时领先行词被最高级描画词所修饰时,v1. This is the highest building that I have ever seen. v2. Do you think this is the most powerful computer that has ever been invented?vC. 领先行词被序数词修饰时领先行词被序数词修饰时 v1. The second question that was discussed at the meeting was the most important.v2. This is the last book that is on my reading list. vD.领领先行先行词词被被all，no，only，any，very，just，much等等词词修修饰时饰时vThis is the very book that Ive been looking for. vThis is the only example that I can give you. E.领先行词由人和物共同组成Here are the people and the books that / O I love. 不能用不能用that的两种情况的两种情况vA. 在非限制性定在非限制性定语语从句中从句中v1. Weve collected many stamps, which are all very nice.v2. This note was left by Mr. Wu, who was here a moment ago. vB. 在介在介词词后面后面v1. This is country to which he wants to go.v2. At our school, there are about 200 foreign students, most of whom are from Europe. ASAs也是关系代也是关系代词词，用于，用于1. Suchas 和和 the sameas构造中构造中I want to buy such a skirt as you are wearing.I want to buy the same skirt as you are wearing. (比比较较: I want to buy the same skirt that you are wearing. )ASv2. 或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句子子. vShe has done a good job, as we all know.vAs we all know, she has done a good job.Way做先行词做先行词?vWay做先行词做先行词, 表示方式方法表示方式方法:v定语从句中定语从句中, 可以用可以用v1. in whichv2. thatv3. OWay做先行词做先行词?v1. Wallance and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.v2. The way in which these comrades look at problems is wrong.v3. The way that these comrades look at problems is wrong. Way做先行词做先行词?v4. The way these comrades look at problems is wrong.v5. Musicians rarely agree on the way a piece of music should be played. CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v1. The old woman has two sons, one of _ is a professor. v2. The old woman has two sons, and one of _ is a professor.v(1. whom, v2. them) CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,3. Do you know why he was absent?宾从 4. Do you know the reason why he was absent?定从 5. Do you know the reason which (that) may explain his absence?定语从句 以上三句含义一样，句式不同。 CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,6. The reason that you were ill yesterday is not accepted. 他昨天生病的缘由没有被接受。 这是一句“同位语从句的句子，“reason与“you were ill yesterday表达的是同等意思，因此关系词不能用“which，只能用“that。 CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v7. The news that our team won the game made us excited. v我们队赢的音讯使我们激动.同位语从句 v 8. The news which (that) I heard through the radio is exciting. v我从广播中听到的音讯令人激动.定语从句 CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,9. 定语从句中的插入语定语从句中的插入语 He made a speech, which I thought was of great importance. Jimmy is the boy, who everybody believes will win the first prize in the singing competition. CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v在上述句子中，I thought, everybody believes是插入语，还有I suppose, everybody knows等在定语从句中出现，容易受其迷惑而用错关系词。比如在上述第二句中就不能用“whom，由于“who是从句的主语，而“everybody believes是插入语。因此在有插入语的定语从句中，思索用什么关系代词或副词时，可暂时不思索插入语，以免受其迷惑。 vThe End! 大结局大结局!v谢谢欣赏谢谢欣赏 !