二、阅读理解二、阅读理解技巧点拨技巧点拨归纳主旨要义归纳主旨要义这类题的题干中一般含有这类题的题干中一般含有main/general/central idea, topic, subject, mainly 等字眼。等字眼。寻找主题句：寻找主题句： (1)段落中出现转折时段落中出现转折时, 该句很可能是主该句很可能是主题句。题句。 (2)作者有意识的反复重复的观点作者有意识的反复重复的观点, 通常通常是主旨是主旨; 反复出现的词语反复出现的词语, 一般为体现一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。文章主旨的关键词。(3)首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的回答很可对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示有提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示有therefore, thus, but, however, in fact, in short等等。因此等等。因此, 这些词后的内容很可能就是文章这些词后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。主旨。 给文章选择一个恰当的标题给文章选择一个恰当的标题(title)几乎是必考题。几乎是必考题。要正确选出标题，必须首先要理解文章大意，明要正确选出标题，必须首先要理解文章大意，明确文章主旨。确文章主旨。 一篇文章必然会有一个主旨，最能体现主旨的一篇文章必然会有一个主旨，最能体现主旨的就是主题句，主题句多半在首、尾段或各段的开就是主题句，主题句多半在首、尾段或各段的开头或结尾，少数情况下也在文中，甚至没有主题头或结尾，少数情况下也在文中，甚至没有主题句，此时就需要我们归纳各自然段的意思，自己句，此时就需要我们归纳各自然段的意思，自己概括其主旨了。概括其主旨了。如何给文章选标题如何给文章选标题技巧点拨技巧点拨选择时，要仔细推敲各个选项，排除错误选项，选择时，要仔细推敲各个选项，排除错误选项，缩小选择范围，从而选出最佳答案。错误选项有缩小选择范围，从而选出最佳答案。错误选项有以下特征：以下特征： 断章取义：断章取义： 虽含文中的某些单词，但不是文虽含文中的某些单词，但不是文章所谈内容。章所谈内容。 范围太窄：范围太窄： 概括不全面，只是某个细节或某一概括不全面，只是某个细节或某一部分的内容。部分的内容。 范围太宽：范围太宽： 所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。的内容。 无中生有：无中生有： 即文章中未提到，或找不到任即文章中未提到，或找不到任 何依据的信息。何依据的信息。真题演练真题演练 (A) (2010年揭阳年揭阳) Valentines Day has its origins in the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia, a yearly festival held on Feb.15 to help keep dangerous wolves away from townspeople and their crops. On the eve of the festival, Feb.14, the young women of the town would write their names on small pieces of paper, put them in a jar, and every young man would pick out a name at random. The pair would then be partners for the rest of the festival. It was 270 B.C. when St. Valentine stood for love, after Roman Emperor Claudius II forbade Roman soldiers to get engaged or married, believing that married men would rather stay at home than go to war. The priest named Valentine, in defiance (对抗对抗) of Claudius orders, secretly married young couples, and on Feb. 14, was punished for his “crime”, thereby becoming the patron saint (守护神守护神) of lovers. Besides this story, there are some old beliefs about this day:During the Middle Ages, Europeans believed that birds chose their mates each year on Feb. 14. Some people used to believe that if a woman saw a robin fly overhead on Valentines Day, it meant she would marry a sailor; if she saw a sparrow, shed marry a millionaire. If you cut an apple in half and count how many seeds are inside, you will know how many children you will have.And some charming Valentines Day Customs. In Wales, wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on Feb. 14.Heart, keys and keyholes were favorite decorations, which meant “you unlock my heart!” In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. Theyd wear these names on their sleeves for one week hence the term “to wear your heart on your sleeve”.1. According to the passage, Valentine was originally the name of a _.A. loverB. priestC. rulerD. feast解析：解析：B细节理解题。从第二段细节理解题。从第二段The priest named Valentine, in defiance (对抗对抗) of Claudius orders, 可得出答案。可得出答案。2. The Roman emperor forbade soldiers to get married because he thought _.A. married soldiers are not loyal to the countryB. married soldiers are less willing to fightC. there was no time for soldiers to get marriedD. marriage is a crime解析：解析：B细节理解题。从第二段细节理解题。从第二段believing that married men than go to war.可得出答案。可得出答案。3. Why was the priest punished?A. He didnt join the army.B. He helped people escape from being sent to the battle field.C. He married couples despite the prohibition from the ruler.D. He openly defied the rulers order to end his marriage.解析：解析：C细节理解题。从第二段细节理解题。从第二段 The priest named Valentine, saint(守护神守护神)of lovers.可得出答案。可得出答案。4. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?A. Feb. 14 and 15 were originally a time for fighting wolves.B. People used to believe that birds chose mates on Valentines Day.C. People believed that the birds they saw on Valentines Day predicted what kind of person they would marry.D. The Welsh used to give out wooden spoons on Feb.14.细节理解题。根据文章第一句话不是细节理解题。根据文章第一句话不是a time for fighting wolves。5. If you wear your heart on your sleeve, you _.A. openly express your feelings or emotions to othersB. hardly take your feelings or emotions very seriouslyC. officially announce that you have been marriedD. proudly show your choice of sleeve pattern 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知 “将你的心戴将你的心戴在袖子上就意味着你向别人真情流露。在袖子上就意味着你向别人真情流露。”难句理解难句理解It was 270 B.C. when St. Valentine stood for love, after Roman Emperor Claudius II forbade Roman soldiers to get engaged or married, believing that married men would rather stay at home than go to war.结构分析：结构分析：句中句中it指时间指时间, when引导的是限制性定引导的是限制性定语从句语从句, 先行词是先行词是270 B.C., after Roman Emperor .or married是该定语从句中的时间状语从句是该定语从句中的时间状语从句, believing that .go to war是分词短语作原因状语是分词短语作原因状语, 其逻辑主语是其逻辑主语是Roman Emperor Claudius II。汉语大意：汉语大意：那是在公元前那是在公元前270年年, 圣瓦伦丁代表爱情圣瓦伦丁代表爱情的时候的时候, 之后罗马皇帝克劳迪亚斯二世禁之后罗马皇帝克劳迪亚斯二世禁止罗马士兵订婚或者结婚止罗马士兵订婚或者结婚, 他认为结了婚他认为结了婚的男人会宁愿呆在家里的男人会宁愿呆在家里, 而不愿去打仗。而不愿去打仗。charming 迷人的迷人的 valentine 情人情人millionaire 百万富翁百万富翁 decoration 装饰装饰at random 任意地任意地have its origins in 起源于起源于on the eve of 在在前夕前夕get engaged 订婚订婚 stand for 代表代表be punished for 因因受到惩罚受到惩罚助读词汇助读词汇(B) (2008佛山二模佛山二模)Earlier on during my stay in China, I noted a significant lack of Western holidays. Halloween came and went unnoticed. Thanksgiving passed right on by without much more than a celebratory trip to KFC. I thought I made it through, free and clear. Being in China enabled my avoidance of overspending on gifts. During Halloween I did not buy big bags of candy and later eat all of it myself after realizing that children do not trick-or-treat on my street. Life got to feeling pretty good when I realized I could skip all the holiday pomp (盛况盛况) and circumstance by living in Yongzhou, a city in Hunan Province. But it all came crashing down upon me with the arrival of Christmas and New Year.For some reason, the Chinese ignore many other Western traditions, but catch on for the end-of-year celebrations. The grocery stores put out their Christmas trees. Pictures of Santa show up on the windows of flower shops. Wealthier children are seen wearing something similar to a little elf(小精灵小精灵) costume: striped stockings, red shirts, green skiers, and elf-like shoes with bells on them. In terms of Christmas and New Years, among many other holidays, the entire country of America goes crazy with holiday spirit. There are decorations on store windows and inside large supermarkets. The biggest cultural feature, I think, is the fat Santa in large stores and shopping malls. “Santa” sits in the middle of big malls while children line up to sit on his lap. “I want a bicycle for Christmas!” the children will say, or something else equally appropriate. In the middle of absorbing new holiday traditions in China and missing old ones back home, I found little impressed upon my memory. The parties I attended had only a few memorable moments: little girls dancing the cha cha, company leaders badly singing songs KTV style， a guy performing Kung Fu for a sizable crowd. Admittedly, despite not seeing any parties in peoples houses, I enjoyed what holiday entertainment existed in Yongzhou. I think what I will remember the most, however, is walking into a fancy hotel and seeing women dressed in elf clothing and skinny Chinese men dressed in Santa costumes.6. From the passage we can know that _ .A. people in China dont celebrate Thanksgiving at allB. Chinese like to celebrate Halloween in KFCC. the author stays in China to avoid spending too much in buying giftsD. children in China dont come and ask the author for candies in Halloween细节理解题。由第一段的细节理解题。由第一段的“did not buy big bags of candy a trick-or-treat on my street”可知。可知。7. The author _.A. lives in Yongzhou to avoid festival celebrationsB. feels life in Yongzhou pretty good by enjoying holiday celebrationsC. cant enjoy the quiet life any longer when Christmas and New Year arriveD. likes staying in grand hotels推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句话可以推出推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句话可以推出, 作者的平静生活被圣诞节的来临打断了。作者的平静生活被圣诞节的来临打断了。8. According to the passage, in China _.A. Christmas is more popular than many other Western holidaysB. Santa appears in grocery stores at ChristmasC. all children wear lovely costumes for ChristmasD. people celebrate holidays by having parties in their houses推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话和第三段对圣推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话和第三段对圣诞节盛况的描述可以推出诞节盛况的描述可以推出Christmas is more popular than many other Western holidays。9. What happens at Christmas in America?A. People lose their mind when it arrives.B. The whole nation celebrate it by decorating stores and supermarkets.C. Santa is expected in large stores and shopping malls.D. Children line up in shopping malls only to ask the Santa for bicycles.细节理解题。由第三段的细节理解题。由第三段的fat Santa in large stores and shopping malls可知。可知。10. This passage is mainly about _ .A. the difference between Chinese and American holiday traditionsB. the authors dissatisfaction over Chinas lack of Western holidaysC. how the Chinese celebrate Western holidaysD. the authors impression upon the western holiday entertainment in China主旨大意题。文章通篇从一个外国人的角度来看待主旨大意题。文章通篇从一个外国人的角度来看待西方节日在中国的庆祝西方节日在中国的庆祝, 即主要介绍了他对这些节即主要介绍了他对这些节日盛况的感想。日盛况的感想。难句理解难句理解I think what I will remember the most， however, is walking into a fancy hotel and seeing women dressed in elf clothing and skinny Chinese men dressed in Santa costumes.结构分析：结构分析：主句是主句是I think, 其后是宾语从句其后是宾语从句; 在宾语在宾语从句中从句中what I will remember the most是主语从句是主语从句; walking into .and seeing .是两个动名词作表语是两个动名词作表语, 表语中含有两个表语中含有两个dressed in过去分词作定语过去分词作定语, 修饰前修饰前面的名词面的名词women和和men。中文大意：中文大意：我认为我最记得的是我认为我最记得的是, 走进装饰华丽的酒走进装饰华丽的酒店店, 看见穿着小精灵式衣服的女人和穿着看见穿着小精灵式衣服的女人和穿着圣诞老人服装的消瘦的中国男人。圣诞老人服装的消瘦的中国男人。