专项专项提能提能计计划划阅读阅读理解（一）理解（一）人物人物传记类传记类(2011高考山高考山东东卷卷A)Arthur Miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”However,he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play，Death of a Salesman，is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman,the hero of the play，we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment：if he cant do the work，then he is no good to his employer，the Wagner Company，and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this，and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama CriticsCircle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.56Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?A He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.BHe was attracted by the “Great American Dream”BCHe hoped to make his son a dramatist.DHis family business failed.57The play Death of a Salesman_.Aexposes the cruelty of the American business worldBdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a companyACtalks about the business career of Arthur MillerDfocuses on the skills in doing business58What can we learn about Willy Loman?AHe treats his employer badly.BHe runs the Wagner Company.CHe is a victim of the American system.DHe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.C59After it was first staged，Death of a Salesman_.Aachieved huge successBwon the first Tony AwardCwas warmly welcomed by salesmenDwas severely attacked by dramatistsA60What is the text mainly about?AArthur Miller and his family.BThe awards Arthur Miller won.CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.DArthur Miller and his bestknown play.D破破题题思路思路本文向我本文向我们们介介绍绍了了20世世纪伟纪伟大的大的剧剧作作家家Arthur Miller以及他的代表作以及他的代表作Death of a Salesman。疑疑难难剖析剖析When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama CriticsCircle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.(Paragraph 3)整体上看，整体上看，该该句是一个由句是一个由and连连接的接的并列复合句，第一个分句中使用了并列复合句，第一个分句中使用了when引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句，第二个分从句，第二个分句是一个句是一个简单简单句，其句，其宾语较为宾语较为复复杂杂。名名师师支招支招本文属于人物本文属于人物传记类传记类文章，文章，该类该类命命题题的的题题量也量也较较大。文章中往往会出大。文章中往往会出现现关关于于该该人物的大量人物的大量细节细节信息，有些信息，有些细节细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些些则则很很间间接，需要接，需要综综合、合、归纳归纳、推理、推理才能得出。另外，才能得出。另外，虽虽然人物然人物传记类传记类文章的文章的时间时间、空、空间间或或逻辑线逻辑线索索较较清晰，但是清晰，但是为为了提高了提高难难度度,命命题题者往往使用倒叙或插叙等手段故者往往使用倒叙或插叙等手段故意打乱故事的意打乱故事的陈陈述次序，使行文的跳述次序，使行文的跳跃跃性增性增强强，情，情节节复复杂杂化。如第化。如第58题题，第二段第一句第二段第一句话话告告诉诉我我们们，推推销员销员之死之死是是对对美国制度的有力的抨美国制度的有力的抨击击，后面又告后面又告诉诉我我们们在在这这金金钱钱至上的制度至上的制度里，主人公因迷茫、失里，主人公因迷茫、失败败最最终终“kills himself”，暴露了美国商，暴露了美国商业业世界的残世界的残酷酷(exposes the cruelty of the American business world)，由此可，由此可知他是美国制度的受害者。知他是美国制度的受害者。