About the authorDoris Lessing is a British novelist, poet, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. Lessing was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. In doing so the Swedish Academy described her as that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny.“女性经验的史诗作者，以其怀疑的态度(ti du)、激情和远见，清楚地剖析了一个分裂的文化”。第1页/共17页第1页/共17页第一页，共16页。Freudian personality structure theoryFreudian personality structure theoryId: functions in the irrational and emotional part of the mind. At birth a babys mind is all Id - want want want. The Id is the primitive mind. It contains all the basic needs and feelings.And it has only one rule - pleasure principleEgo: functions with the rational part of the mind. The Ego develops out of growing awareness that you cant always get what you want. The Ego relates to the real world and operates via the reality principleSuperego: The Superego is the last part of the mind to develop. It might be called the moral part of the mind. It stores and enforces rules. It constantly strives for perfection, even though this perfection ideal may be quite far from reality or possibility. I第2页/共17页第2页/共17页第二页，共16页。The Assumption of SimilarityAbout the novelA Woman On a Roof is a short story written by a Nobel winner Doris Lessing, published in 1963 in London. It told a funny story between a woman sunbathing on a roof in bikini and three men, Tom, Stanley and Harry, working on the next roof 20 feet away. The men were attracted by the woman. They let out wolf whistles, yelled, stamped, swore to attract the womans attention but finally got anger by her gesture of total indifference. The story began with a background of during the week of hot sun, that June.,which seemed through the intolerable, burning weather to imply conflict in different age in England.第3页/共17页第3页/共17页第三页，共16页。 say nothing, but he was excited and grinning(露齿笑）craning his head all ways to see morehis mind was full of the nearly naked womanTom report was that she hadnt moved, but it was a lieprimal urges for love and sexregard as the woman belongs to him and nobody can share. He is possessive(占有欲强的）Tom-Id第4页/共17页第4页/共17页第四页，共16页。So under quite a lot of impulse(冲动(chngdng)）, he took steps. He came over, and expressed his uncontrollable love for the woman.Tom imagined himself at work on the crane（起吊(qdio)机）, adjusting the arm to swing over and pick herTom felt alone again, last night she had him into her flatwhen reality cant satisfy his desire: illusion， dreamrefused resentment（愤怒(fnn)）desire reality第5页/共17页第5页/共17页第五页，共16页。The Assumption of SimilarityTom-IdStereotypesYoung Tom is a innocent daydreamer, but energetic and full of human nature. He hasnt gotten in the ways of the life. Life, for him means curiosity, possibilities, and start. His life experience is spotlessly white. All the behavior are out of the nature of id. So he took chance to express appreciation for the woman. However, life, for him rejection, disillusion and torment（折磨(zh m)）.Tom awoke from romantic dream and began aware of his poor social condition and felt righteous indignation. Realizing that life for him is not a easy living, he has to face the reality as a low worker. 第6页/共17页第6页/共17页第六页，共16页。shes stark naked, someone will report it if she doesnt watch outher back all naked save for the scarlet triangle on her buttocks. Ive got a good mind to report her to the policeI bet her old man has put his foot downbitchwhistlecriticize the woman, from the common sense of the moral standar of societyself judge-independent egoStanley-Ego第7页/共17页第7页/共17页第七页，共16页。complain most: hard work, hot weatherwoman：Nothing to do but lie about as if it was a beach up there.be interested in the womanbe aloof(冷淡(lngdn) ） from herrealise the reality: difference in social classunder controlStanley-Ego第8页/共17页第8页/共17页第八页，共16页。The Assumption of SimilarityStanley-EgoStanley, older than Tom, after all,got to know some ways of life. His attitude towards work was out of mind. He never dealt with work seriously. Life, for him, is just for fun. But Stanley is the representative of the general ego, who have the consciousness of reality, and try to control his nature to balance perception and rationality. He whistled to the woman out of instinct, while on his reality principle, he clearly knew the impossibility with the woman. Therefore, he constrained and intended to be aloof from her. 第9页/共17页第9页/共17页第九页，共16页。Harry- superegothe oldest, 45 years oldThe small, competent man , the family man monitoring on the other two men:suddenly the older man came to a decision. Harry stood up and began packing tools into a length of oily clotheg: when Stanley let out a wolf whistle. Harry said, small things amouse small mindsmoral authority and modelselfcontrolguide the other two men with morol standard of society第10页/共17页第10页/共17页第十页，共16页。The Assumption of SimilarityHarry-SuperegoRestricted by principles,rules that himself pressed upon, Harry as the oldest competent man and the family man, he gained the other two companions respect and trust. Small things amuse small minds is the words he often lips out. Through years, he is better at constraining his impulsory nature to maintain the standard of the society. In his inner heart, he seldom shows his id, instead of superego. Superego is trying to prevent the instinctive power under impulsive action .第11页/共17页第11页/共17页第十一页，共16页。The environment -womanherthe top part of her black haira flushed solid backarmswore a red scarf tied around her breasts and brief red bikini pantssmall trianglenealy naked temptation degree(诱惑力）In Freudian personality structure theory, the activities of Id, ego and superego and the development of personality is closely related to the external environment第12页/共17页第12页/共17页第十二页，共16页。mens reactionindifferentrefuse Toms love environment human desiresstimulate(刺激(cj)）control，stopkeep balance between I d, ego and supergo. maintain the stability and order of societyThe environment -woman第13页/共17页第13页/共17页第十三页，共16页。In a woman on a roof, Doris Lessing depicts 3 building workers with different personality. In this presentation, by analysing the similarities between Tom, Stanley and Harrys character and Freudian personality structure theory：ego, Id and surperego, we think that Tom stands for the Id because he is full with primitive urges and desire and less selfcontrolled, Stanley follows the reality principle and the standard of society moral and stands for the ego, and Harry is the moral model and authority, he restrain and guide the other men,so he stands for the superego.Three mens attitudes to the nealy naked woman and relationshiop between each other reflect the characteristics and interactions of ego,Id and superego.In this short story, Freudian personality structure theory is shown perfectly.Conclusion第14页/共17页第14页/共17页第十四页，共16页。谢谢(xi xie)观看THANKS第15页/共17页第15页/共17页第十五页，共16页。内容(nirng)总结About the author。THANKS第十六页，共16页。