一.公差原则 1. Tolerance principles 处理形位公差和尺寸公差之间关系(gun x)的规定。The regulations to solve the relationships between geometrical tolerances and dimensional tolerances独立原则公差原则 包容要求(yoqi) 相关原则 最大实体要求(yoqi) 最小实体要求(yoqi) Tolerance principlesIndependence principlesEnvelope requirementsMaximum material requirementsLeast material requirements第1页/共21页第一页，共22页。1.独立(dl)原则 Independence principles 定义：Definitions: 图样上给定的每一个尺寸公差和形位公差要求，均是独立的，各自满足要求。Each size tolerance and geometrical tolerance requirements given on the drawings are both independent and satisfy the requirements标注(bio zh)：Label: 不需加注任何符号 There is no need to add labeling any symbol第2页/共21页第二页，共22页。第3页/共21页第三页，共22页。第4页/共21页第四页，共22页。2.相关(xinggun)原则 Relative principles定义图样(tyng)上给定的形位公差与尺寸公差相互有关的公差要求。DefinitionThe tolerance requirements that the given geometrical tolerances on drawings relate to size tolerances.30h7 E第5页/共21页第五页，共22页。二二. . 有关术语有关术语(shy)(shy)及定义及定义 Related terms Related terms and definitionsand definitions1 体外作用(zuyng)尺寸 External mating sizesDfe ：在被测要素的给定长度上，与实际内表面体外相接的最大理想(lxing)面的直径或宽度。The maximum ideal surfaces diameter or width on the given length of measured elements and connects with actual internal surface externally. 体外体内DaExternalInternal第6页/共21页第六页，共22页。体内da体外dfe：在被测要素的给定长度上，与实际外表面体外相接(xin ji)的最小理想面的直径或宽度。The minimum ideal surfaces diameter or width on the given length of measured elements and connects with actual external surface externally. ExternalInternal第7页/共21页第七页，共22页。dfeda1da2da3dfia)外表面(轴) Outside surface(shaft) DfeDa1Da2Da3Dfi b) 内表面(孔)Internal surface(hole) 第8页/共21页第八页，共22页。2 最大实体状态(zhungti)（尺寸）Maximum material condition (Size)最大实体状态(zhungti)（MMC）：Maximum material condition(MMC) 实际要素在给定长度上,处处位于极限 尺寸之间，并具有实体最大时的状态(zhungti).The state that actual elements are on the given lengthes.And each position is between the limit sizes thus containing the maximum material. 最大实体尺寸（MMS）：Maximum material size 实际要素在最大实体状态(zhungti)下的极限尺寸.The limit size that the actual elements are in the maximum material condition DM=Dmin dM=dmax 实体最大：占有材料量最多Actual material is maximum:The possessed material volume is the most.200-0.03第9页/共21页第九页，共22页。3 最小实体状态(zhungti)（尺寸）Least material condition(size)v最小实体状态（LMC）：Least material condition(LMC)v 实际要素在给定长度上,处处位于极限尺寸间，并具有实体最小时(xiosh)的状态. The state that actual elements are on the given lengthes.And each position is between the limit sizes thus containing the minimum material. v最小实体尺寸（LMS）：Least material size(LMS)v 实际要素在最小实体状态下的极限尺寸. The limit vsize that the actual elements are in the minimum material condition v DL=Dmax dL=dminv 实体最小：占有材料量最少vActual material is minimum:The possessed material volume is the least.第10页/共21页第十页，共22页。4 最大实体实效状态(zhungti)（尺寸）Maximum material virtual condition(Size)MMVC：给定(i dn)长度上，实际要素处于最大实体状态，且该要素轴线、中心平面的形位误差等于给出公差值时的综合极限状态.MMVC:The comprehensive limit state when the geometrical deviations of this element axis and midplane equal to the given tolerance values and the actual elements are in maximum material conditions on given lengthes.MMVS：最大实体实效状态下的体外作用尺寸MMVS:Exteral effect sizes in maximum material virtual condition. dMV = dmax+t DMV = Dmin-tM M 第11页/共21页第十一页，共22页。最大实体实效最大实体实效(shxio)尺寸尺寸 Maximum material virtual size第12页/共21页第十二页，共22页。最大实体实效最大实体实效(shxio)尺寸尺寸 Maximum material virtual size第13页/共21页第十三页，共22页。5 最小实体(sht)实效状态（尺寸） Least material virtual condition(Size)LMVC： 给定长度(chngd)上，实际要素处于最小实体状态，且该要素轴线、中心平面的形位误差等于给出公差值时的综合极限状态 The comprehensive limit condition that actual elements are in least material condition on given length and the geometrical errors of axis and central plane equal to the given tolerance values. LMVS： 最小实体实效状态下的体外作用尺寸External mating sizes under least material virtual condition dLV=dmin-t DLV=Dmax+t LL第14页/共21页第十四页，共22页。4.形状(xngzhun)公差（ t ）与尺寸公差（ T ）的关系：The relationships between geometrical tolerances and size tolerances最大实体(sht)状态时：形状公差tmin=0When in maximum material condition:Form tolerances tmin=0最小实体(sht)状态时：形状公差 tmax=TWhen in least material condition:condition:Form tolerances tmax=T 30h7 E中心(zhngxn)轴线 Central axis 垂直度 Verticality第15页/共21页第十五页，共22页。小结(xioji)：Summary:尺寸(ch cun)公差Th Ts与形状公差 t Size tolerances Th Ts and form tolerances t尺寸(ch cun)公差具有双重职能：控制尺寸(ch cun)公差和形状公差Size tolerances contain dual functions:Controling size tolerances and form tolerances. dminDmaxdmaxDmin第16页/共21页第十六页，共22页。5.最大实体(sht)要求应用举例（一） Application examples of maximum material requirements(1)该轴应满足下列要求：This shaft should satisfy This shaft should satisfy the following requirements:the following requirements:实际尺寸(ch cun)(ch cun)：9.985 9.985 10 10 Actual size:Actual size:边界：实际轮廓不超出最大实体实效边界 Boundary:Actual cam doesnt overstepping Boundary:Actual cam doesnt overstepping maximum material virtual boundary. maximum material virtual boundary. dMV=dM+t1=10+0.005 dMV=dM+t1=10+0.005 =10.005mm =10.005mm即体外作用尺寸(ch cun)(ch cun)：External External mating sizemating size dfe10.005 dfe10.005A 10h7 A 0.005 M第17页/共21页第十七页，共22页。l合格(hg)条件：Acceptance condition:l轴：dfe dMV dmax+t1=10.005 lShaft l 9.985 da 10l尺寸(ch cun)公差：Ts=0.015l Size tolerance:l形状公差：Form tolerance:l When:l当：dM=dmax=10 t=t1=0.005l When:l当：dL=dmin=9.985l t=t1+t2=t1+Ts=0.005+0.015=0.02直线度 Straightness da9.985 10（dM） 10.005(dMV)0.0050.02-0.3动态(dngti)公差图Dynamic tolerance chart 第18页/共21页第十八页，共22页。1.1.尺寸公差Th TsTh Ts与形位公差t t的关系(gun x)(gun x)：The The relationships between size tolerances Th Ts and relationships between size tolerances Th Ts and geometrical tolerances t. geometrical tolerances t. 当 Da = Dmin da = dmax Da = Dmin da = dmax ： 允许形位公差 t=tmin=t1 t=tmin=t1 Allow geometrical tolerances Allow geometrical tolerances 当 Da = Dmax da = dmin Da = Dmax da = dmin ： 允许形位公差 t=tmax=t1+Th t=tmax=t1+ThTsTs Allow geometrical tolerances Allow geometrical tolerances 小结(xioji)：Summary:2.合格(hg)性判定：Qualification determinations:对于孔：Dfe DMV Dmin-t1 Dmin Da Dmax For hole对于轴：dfe dMV dmax+t1 dmin da dmax For shaft第19页/共21页第十九页，共22页。THE END第20页/共21页第二十页，共22页。感谢您的观赏(gunshng)第21页/共21页第二十一页，共22页。内容(nirng)总结一.公差原则 1. Tolerance principles 处理形位公差和尺寸公差之间关系的规定。b) 内表面(孔)。最小实体状态(zhungti)（LMC）：Least material condition(LMC)。最小实体尺寸（LMS）：Least material size(LMS)。实际要素在最小实体状态(zhungti)下的极限尺寸. The limit。感谢您的观赏第二十二页，共22页。