一、记叙文专题二第二节分类突破真题感悟名师点津内容索引随堂限时练真题感悟(2018全国全国)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 1 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 2 a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I werent 3 enough about free credits，news about our 4 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 5 I would be learning from one of the games 6 .I could hardly wait to 7 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 8 was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 9 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 10 the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 11 what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 12 ，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 13 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 14 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，Im still putting to use what he 15 me：“The absolute most important 16 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 17 .On every single move you have to 18 a situation，process what your opponent(对对手手) is doing and 19 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 20 as a journalist.语篇解读语语篇篇解解读读本本文文是是一一篇篇记记叙叙文文。文文章章讲讲述述了了作作者者通通过过学学习习国国际际象象棋棋学学会会了如何正确地做决定。了如何正确地做决定。1.A.put forward B.jumped atC.tried out D.turned down解解析析根根据据上上文文中中的的“offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以以及及下下文文中中的的“Id always wanted to learn chess”可可知知，参参加加国国际际象象棋棋课课程程是是免免费费的的并并且且可可以以获获得得三三个个学学分分，而而且且“我我”一一直直想想学学国国际际象象棋棋，由由此此可可知知，“我我”迫迫不不及及待待地地接接受受(jump at)了这个主意。了这个主意。put forward提出；提出；try out试验；试验；turn down拒绝。拒绝。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 202.A.waste B.earnC.save D.pay解解析析联联系系上上文文中中的的“a free course”可可知知，这这是是免免费费的的课课程程，因因此可以节省此可以节省(save)几美元。几美元。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 203.A.excited B.worriedC.moved D.tired解解析析联联系系下下文文中中的的“appealing enough to me”可可知知，即即使使免免费费获获得得学学分分这这件件事事不不足足以以让让“我我”兴兴奋奋(excited)，也也有有其其他他事事情情对对“我我”有有足够的吸引力。足够的吸引力。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 204.A.title B.competitorC.textbook D.instructor解解析析联联系系下下文文中中的的“He was an international grandmaster(他他是是一一位位国国际际象象棋棋大大师师)”可可知知，国国际际象象棋棋课课程程的的导导师师(instructor)足足以以吸吸引引“我我”。title标题；标题；competitor对手；对手；textbook课本。课本。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 205.A.urged B.demandedC.held D.meant解解析析国国际际象象棋棋课课程程的的导导师师是是国国际际象象棋棋大大师师，这这就就意意味味着着(mean)“我我”将将跟跟随随下下国国际际象象棋棋最最好好的的人人之之一一学学习习。urge强强烈烈要要求求；demand(坚坚决决)要求；要求；hold持有。持有。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 206.A.fastest B.easiestC.best D.rarest解解析析联联系系上上文文中中的的“international grandmaster”可可知知，他他是是下下国国际象棋最好的际象棋最好的(best)人之一。人之一。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 207.A.interview B.meetC.challenge D.beat解解析析联联系系上上文文可可知知，国国际际象象棋棋课课程程的的导导师师吸吸引引着着“我我”，所所以以“我我”迫迫不不及及待待地地想想见见到到(meet)他他。interview采采访访，面面试试；challenge挑挑战战；beat击败。击败。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 208.A.chance B.qualificationC.honor D.job解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“was no game for him；he meant business”可可知知，这这项项工工作作(job)对对他他而而言言不不是是游游戏戏，而而是是正正经经职职业业。chance机机会会；qualification资格；资格；honor荣誉。荣誉。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 209.A.real B.perfectC.clear D.possible解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可可知知，他他向我们明确表示向我们明确表示(make it clear that)这门课程的学分很难获得。这门课程的学分很难获得。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2010.A.attend B.passC.skip D.observe解解析析由由上上文文中中的的“our credits would be hard-earned”及及下下文文中中的的“among other criteria，we had to write a paper”可可知知，此此处处指指为为了了通通过过(pass)这这门门课课程程，除除了了其其他他标标准准，“我我们们”还还要要写写一一篇篇论论文文。attend参加；参加；skip跳过；跳过；observe观察。观察。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2011.A.add B.exposeC.apply D.compare解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“to our future professions”可可知知，“我我们们”的的论论文文是是关关于于“我我们们”打打算算如如何何将将所所学学的的东东西西应应用用(apply)到到未未来来的的职职业业中中的的。apply.to.将将应应用用到到，符符合合语语境境。add.to.向向添添加加；expose.to.使使暴露在暴露在；compare.to.把把比作比作。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012.A.eventually B.naturallyC.directly D.normally解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“to our lives”可可知知，最最终终(eventually)要要应应用用到到“我我们们”的生活中。的生活中。naturally自然地；自然地；directly直接地；直接地；normally正常地。正常地。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2013.A.game B.presentationC.course D.experiment 解解析析联联系系空空前前的的“I managed to get an A”可可知知，“我我”在在国国际际象象棋棋课课程程(course)上上获获得得了了A。game游游戏戏；presentation报报告告；experiment实验。实验。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2014.A.criterion B.classroomC.department D.situation解解析析联联系系空空前前的的“life lessons that have served me well”可可知知，“我我”从从中中学学到到了了课课堂堂(classroom)之之外外的的生生活活课课程程。criterion标标准准；department部门；部门；situation状况。状况。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2015.A.taught B.wroteC.questioned D.promised 解解析析分分析析语语境境可可知知，引引号号中中的的内内容容是是导导师师说说的的话话，也也就就是是他他教教(teach)“我我”的东西。的东西。write写；写；question询问；询问；promise答应。答应。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2016.A.fact B.stepC.manner D.skill解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good ”可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2017.A.grades B.decisionsC.impressions D.comments解解析析联联系系下下文文中中的的“the best move from among all your options”可可知知，这这里里指指做做出出正正确确的的决决定定(decision)。grade分分数数；impression印印象象；comment评论。评论。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2018.A.analyze B.describeC.rebuild D.control解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“a situation，process what your opponent(对对手手) is doing”可可知知，这这里里指指分分析析(analyze)形形势势。describe描描述述；rebuild重重建建；control控制。控制。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2019.A.announce B.signalC.block D.evaluate解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“the best move from among all your options”可可知知，要要从从你你所所有有的的选选择择中中评评估估(evaluate)出出最最好好的的一一步步。announce宣宣布布；signal示意；示意；block堵住。堵住。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2020.A.role B.desireC.concern D.behavior解解析析联联系系空空后后的的“as a journalist”可可知知，今今天天这这些些话话对对于于“我我”作作为为记记者者的的角角色色(role)仍仍然然是是真真实实有有用用的的。desire渴渴望望；concern担担心心；behavior举止。举止。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20名师点津一、题型解读一、题型解读记记叙叙文文完完形形填填空空可可分分为为叙叙事事和和记记人人两两种种形形式式，它它们们有有几几个个显显著著的的特特点点：以以一一般般过过去去时时为为主主，其其他他时时态态为为辅辅；大大量量使使用用动动词词；适适当当出出现现直接引语。直接引语。二、解题技巧二、解题技巧1.抓抓住住文文章章中中心心。 中中心心思思想想是是文文章章的的灵灵魂魂和和统统帅帅，其其他他的的写写作作要要素素都都紧紧紧紧围围绕绕这这一一中中心心进进行行。 抓抓住住中中心心有有助助于于明明确确做做题题方方向向，提提高高针针对性。对性。2.明明确确叙叙述述角角度度。 通通常常记记叙叙文文有有两两大大叙叙述述角角度度：第第一一人人物物和和第第三三人人称称。 第第一一人人称称就就是是从从“自自我我参参与与”的的角角度度进进行行叙叙述述，考考生生可可从从字字里里行行间间读读出出作作者者对对人人物物、事事件件或或景景色色的的情情感感态态度度。 第第三三人人称称就就是是从从“旁旁观观者者”的的角角度度客客观观地地记记人人、叙叙事事、状状物物。 在在做做题题时时考考生生可可采采用用“角角色色渗渗透透法法”，即即假假设设自自己己就就是是文文中中的的角角色色会会有有什什么么感感受受、做做出出怎怎样样的的选选择择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。3.理理清清写写作作顺顺序序。 根根据据写写作作的的需需要要作作者者往往往往采采用用顺顺叙叙、倒倒叙叙或或插插叙叙等等方方法法进进行行叙叙述述。 理理清清这这些些线线索索有有助助于于了了解解事事情情发发展展的的来来龙龙去去脉脉，从从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。而更迅速、准确地理解文意。4.明明确确写写作作要要素素。 包包括括事事情情发发生生的的时时间间(when)、地地点点(where)、事事件件的的内内容容(what)、人人物物(who)、原原因因(why)等等。 弄弄清清了了这这些些要要素素也也就就基基本本上上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。5.洞洞悉悉写写作作目目的的。 同同学学们们要要知知道道就就事事论论事事绝绝不不是是记记叙叙文文的的最最终终目目的的，而而最最终终目目的的是是借借助助叙叙事事来来阐阐明明一一个个道道理理，给给人人以以启启迪迪或或教教益益。 因因此此，只只有有在在分分析析具具体体情情节节的的基基础础上上认认真真体体会会文文字字背背后后的的东东西西，才才能能洞洞悉悉作作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。随堂限时练(2018河西区三模河西区三模)“This Friday well have the yearly Egg Drop Challenge，” said our science teacher，Mr Smith.“You can work alone or with a partner.”My friend，Jenny，and I smiled at each other.We always worked on projects 1 .The 2 of the challenge was simpleto build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking when 3 the stadium wall.I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Jenny. 4 the butter-cream gave me an idea.“I have a brilliant design for our 5 container！” I said when Jenny arrived.“We can 6 the egg with some butter-cream.”“Why not put the egg in a basket with a parachute(降降落落伞伞) 7 ？” Jenny rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better than that stupid idea.”I couldnt believe it.Of course wed had our little 8 in the past，but shed never called any of my ideas “ 9 ” before.“Then Ill build mine and you build yours！” 10 words had been out，our friendship was challenged.When Friday finally arrived，I had to 11 Jennys Egg Force One looked pretty good. 12 ，my Egg-cellent Egg Cream didnt look quite scientific.We kids carried our containers up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall.Those whose eggs broke were out；those whose eggs survived 13 three more steps and dropped them again.This would go on till the last egg broke.After four rounds，only Jenny and I were 14 .I let go of my box.I heard someone say “ew” after seconds.Had my egg broken? I raced down the 15 .The sidewalk was dotted with egg shells(蛋蛋壳壳) from those 16 drops.Finally I found my little Egg-cellent Egg Cream.“That looks like egg drop soup，Laura，” Jenny said.She was holding her Egg Force One.My 17 raced.Had she won? I looked at her basket. 18 .“My egg bounced 19 ，” she explained，pointing to a broken shell.“A tie(平局平局)，” Mr Smith said.Jenny looked at me，and her glare 20 .I laughed.She smiled.1.A.patiently B.silentlyC.together D.alone解解析析 根根据据第第一一段段内内容容可可知知，可可以以单单人人和和两两人人合合作作参参赛赛，通通过过“friend”“”“smile”以及后文得知，她们总是一起完成项目。以及后文得知，她们总是一起完成项目。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 202.A.function B.goalC.reason D.result解解析析 根根据据“The of the challenge was simpleto build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking”可可知知，制制作作一一个个防防护护器器皿皿来来保保护护鸡鸡蛋蛋在在从从运运动动场场墙墙壁壁上上掉掉下下来来的的时时候候不不被被打打碎碎是是挑挑战战的的目标。目标。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 203.A.rolled down B.pushed againstC.thrown at D.dropped over解解析析参参考考上上题题解解析析。roll down滚滚下下；push against推推；throw at向向扔去。后文提到扔去。后文提到drop，说明是自然落下。，说明是自然落下。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 204.A.Spreading B.BoilingC.Baking D.Holding解析解析给三明治涂黄油给了我启发。给三明治涂黄油给了我启发。spread在这里是在这里是“涂抹涂抹”的意思。的意思。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 205.A.butter B.sandwichC.cream D.egg解析解析对于我们的鸡蛋保护器皿，我有个不错的想法。对于我们的鸡蛋保护器皿，我有个不错的想法。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 206.A.protect B.replaceC.carry D.mix解析解析protect sth. with sth. 用某物保护某物，此处指用黄油保护鸡蛋。用某物保护某物，此处指用黄油保护鸡蛋。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 207.A.followed B.coveredC.attached D.supported解解析析此此处处指指降降落落伞伞被被系系在在篮篮子子上上。attach系系上上；follow跟跟随随；cover覆盖；覆盖；support支撑。支撑。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 208.A.ideas B.fightsC.worries D.challenges解解析析根根据据“Of course wed had our little in the past”可可知知，我我们们之间有过争吵。之间有过争吵。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 209.A.wrong B.stupidC.brilliant D.scientific解解析析根根据据上上文文中中的的“The parachute is better than that stupid idea.”可可知知，我我不不敢敢相相信信她她所所说说的的，当当然然我我们们之之间间有有过过争争吵吵，但但我我的的朋朋友友也也从来没有说过我的想法愚蠢。从来没有说过我的想法愚蠢。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2010.A.Since B.WhileC.But D.And解解析析根根据据上上文文中中的的“Then Ill build mine and you build yours！”可可知，既然话已经说出了口，我们的友谊面临挑战。知，既然话已经说出了口，我们的友谊面临挑战。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2011.A.explain B.denyC.admit D.prove解解析析根根据据后后面面的的“looked pretty good”可可知知，我我不不得得不不承承认认詹詹妮妮的的道具很不错。道具很不错。admit承认。承认。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012.A.Therefore B.AnywayC.Besides D.Thus解析解析不管怎么说不管怎么说(anyway)，我的道具不怎么科学。，我的道具不怎么科学。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2013.A.paced down B.turned aroundC.walked up D.went back解解析析鸡鸡蛋蛋没没被被打打碎碎的的选选手手将将再再上上(walk up)三三个个阶阶梯梯然然后后再再让让鸡鸡蛋蛋掉掉下来，直到最后一个鸡蛋被摔碎。下来，直到最后一个鸡蛋被摔碎。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2014.A.left B.wantedC.chosen D.discovered解析解析根据后文可知，经过四轮之后，只有我和詹妮留下来根据后文可知，经过四轮之后，只有我和詹妮留下来(leave)了。了。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2015.A.steps B.wayC.wall D.sidewalk解析解析根据前文可知，我跑下台阶根据前文可知，我跑下台阶(step)去看我的鸡蛋是否被摔碎。去看我的鸡蛋是否被摔碎。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2016.A.intended B.unexpectedC.failed D.desired解析解析句意为：人行道上散布着因失败而跌落下来摔碎的蛋壳。句意为：人行道上散布着因失败而跌落下来摔碎的蛋壳。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2017.A.eyes B.handsC.feet D.heart解解析析因因为为看看到到朋朋友友詹詹妮妮得得意意洋洋洋洋，我我怀怀疑疑她她是是不不是是赢赢了了，所所以以心心跳跳加速。加速。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2018.A.Lost B.DirtyC.Broken D.Empty解解析析根根据据后后面面“她她指指了了指指破破碎碎的的蛋蛋壳壳”可可知知，她她的的篮篮子子是是空空的的(empty)。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2019.A.around B.outC.in D.down解析解析bounce out跳出，为固定短语。跳出，为固定短语。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2020.A.returned B.remainedC.increased D.softened解解析析根根据据文文章章最最后后“I laughed.She smiled.”可可知知，她她的的目目光光变变得得柔柔和和(soften)起来。起来。答案解析12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20