选 修 8Unit1Alandofdiversity重点短语重点句型重点单词1.distinctadj.清晰的;明显的;明确的distinctionn.差别,区分;卓著2.majorityn.大多数;大半minority(反义词)n.少数majorvi.主修n.主修课程;专业课adj.主要的;较多的,大部分的3.hardshipn.苦难,困苦4.electvt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人electionn.选举;选举权;当选5.percentagen.百分比;百分率6.boomn.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期7.racialadj.种族的;民族的racen.种族;赛跑,竞赛重点短语重点句型重点单词8.applicantn.申请人applyvt.&vi.申请9.socialistn.社会主义者;社会党人adj.社会主义者的socialismn.社会主义10.occurvi.发生;出现occurrencen.发生;出现;想到11.indicatevt.指出;标示;表明;暗示indicationn.指示;表明;迹象indicatorn.指示器,指示物12.apparentlyadv.显然地,显而易见地apparentadj.显而易见的,显然的;表面上的重点短语重点句型重点单词13.braken.闸;刹车;制动器vt.&vi.刹(车);用制动器差事14.slipv i.滑动;滑行;滑跤n.滑动;滑倒15.hirevt.&n.租用;雇用16.nowhereadv.无处;到处都无17.punishmentn.处罚,惩罚punishvt.&vi.处罚,惩罚18.justicen.正义;公平justadj.公平的;正直的adv.仅仅;刚才;恰好19.reformvt.&vi.改革;革新n.改革;改造;改良20.graspvt.&n.抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会重点短语重点句型重点单词1.liveon继续存在,继续生存2.bymeansof.用方法;借助3.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.keepup坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)5.backtoback背靠背6.teamupwith与合作或一起工作7.markout用线画出范围;标出界线8.takein包括;吸收;欺骗9.agreat/goodmany许多,很多10.applyfor申请;请示得到重点短语重点句型重点单词1.然而,可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.2.两个世纪以后,西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区以及我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区定居下来。Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.3.这就是今天仍有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.重点短语重点句型重点单词4.人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.5.缆车系统建于1873年,是由安德鲁哈利迪发明的,他试图找到一种比马拉的轨道车更好的交通方式。Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams.Californiaisthethird1.largest(large)stateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.ItisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA2.whichhasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Thisisnot3.surprising(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirst4.settlers(settle)arrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia.ScientistsbelievethatNativeAmericansreachedAmericabymeans5.ofalandbridge.Inthe18thcentury,CaliforniawasruledbySpain.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.Intheearly1800s,RussianhuntersbegansettlinginCalifornia.In1848,gold6.wasdiscovered(discover)inCaliforniaandthedreamofbecomingrich7.quickly(quick)attractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Infact,fewachievedtheirdream,butmostremainedinCalifornia8.tomake(make)alifeforthemselves.Inmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia.It9.isbelieved(believe)thatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreat10.thattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups. 重点短语重点句型重点单词majorityn.大多数;大半OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。(教材原句P2)常见用法ina/themajority占大多数haveamajorityoversb.获得多于某人的;战胜某人by/withamajorityof拥有大多数Hebelievesthathissupportersareinthemajority.他相信支持他的人占多数。ThepartyIsupporthaswonbyamajorityof264votes.我所支持的政党以264票的多数票获胜。重点短语重点句型重点单词特别提醒1.majority单独用作主语,谓语动词用单数、复数形式均可。Themajoritywas/wereinfavorofbanningsmoking.大多数人支持禁烟。2.majority在强调“多数中的各个成员”时,谓语动词常用复数形式。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.昨天参加会议的多数人是学生。3.Themajorityof后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式;后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。Themajorityofstudentswereindifferenttothepoliticalmeeting.大多数学生对政治集会漠不关心。Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.这次的大部分破坏容易修复。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸1.反义词:minorityn.少数intheminority占少数2.majorvi.主修n.主修课程,专业课adj.主要的;较多的majorin主修,专攻现学活用用majority的相关用法完成句子1.不要担心世界局势,大多数国家领导人喜欢和平而不是战争。Dontworryaboutthepresentsituationintheworld;themajorityofstateleaderspreferpeacetowar.2.在委员会成员中,那些支持这项计划的人占大多数。Amongthemembersofthecommitteethosewhoareinfavoroftheplanareina/themajority. 重点短语重点句型重点单词electvt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。(教材原句P2)常见用法electsb.(as/tobe)选举某人为electsb.to.选举某人进入electtodosth.选择或决定做某事重点短语重点句型重点单词RonaldReaganwasfirstelectedaspresidentin1980.罗纳德里根于1980年首次当选总统。ShewaselectedtoParliamentin1988.她于1988年入选议会。Increasingnumbersofpeopleelecttoworkfromhomenowadays.现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。拓展延伸electionn.选举,推选;选举权;当选run/standforelection参加竞选重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用elect的相关用法完成句子1.美国人民每隔4年选一次总统。Americanselectapresidenteveryfouryears.2.我对你当选为学生会主席表示祝贺。IwishtocongratulateyouonyourbeingelectedchairmanoftheStudentsUnion.3.你可以选择删掉或保存这条信息。Youcanelecttodeletethemessageorsaveit. 重点短语重点句型重点单词occurvi.发生;出现;想到Yes.Itdidntoccurtomethat.是的,我当时没想到(教材原句P5)常见用法sth.occurstosb.某人发生某事Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that.=Itstrikes/strucksb.that.某人突然想起Itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth.某人想到要做某事Thereoccurs.有(表存在)Ihopenoaccidenthasoccurredtohim.我希望他没出什么事。Itoccurredtomethatweshouldgotheremoreoften.我突然觉得我们更应常去那里。Didntitoccurtoyouthathewaslying?你当时没想到他在撒谎吗?ItoccurredtohimtoleavethewholethingtoXiaoWang.他想起把这事全交给小王去办。重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.2.Whyareyousolate?Iwasabouthalfwaywhenitoccurred(occur)tomethatIhadleftmynotebookhome,soIhadtofetchit.重点短语重点句型重点单词indicatevt.指出;标示;表明;暗示Trytousetheexpressionsabovetoindicatethatyouarelisteningcarefullytoyourpartner.试着运用上面的词组以表明你在认真听同伴的讲述。(教材原句P7)常见用法indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出某物indicatethat.表明;指出Shetookoutamapandindicatedthequickestroutetous.她拿出一张地图,给我们指出最快捷的路线。Researchindicatesthatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.研究表明,男人比女人更容易戒烟。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸indicationn.迹象;指示;象征shownoindicationof没有的迹象Thereareindicationsthat.有迹象表明Therearenotanyindicationsofasuddendiseaseoutbreak.没有突然暴发疾病的任何迹象。现学活用用indicate的适当形式填空1.Thereisagreatdealofevidenceindicatingthatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.2.Thebellrang,indicatingthatclasswasover.3.Thereareclearindicationsthattheeconomyisimproving.重点短语重点句型重点单词apparentlyadv.显而易见地,显然地Apparentlyhedbeenshockedwhenhesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatramsbrakesfailed.他曾经目睹了一起严重的交通事故:一辆马车的刹车失灵,很明显这极大地震惊了他。(教材原句P8)拓展延伸apparentadj.显而易见的,明显的fornoapparentreason不知什么原因Itisapparenttosb.that.对某人而言是显而易见的Itisapparent(fromsth.)that.(从看)是显而易见的Everyonepresentranoutfornoapparentreason.不知出于什么原因,在场的人全跑出去了。Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.Susanmanagedtoclimboutofthecar,apparently(apparent)unhurt.2.Shortsellers(卖空者)areapparently(apparent)dominatingthemarketforChinastocks.3.Itwasapparenttoallthathewasguilty.重点短语重点句型重点单词nowhereadv.无处;到处都无Thecellsinthestationwereverysmall,coldanddamp;somedidnotevenhavelightbuttheimmigrantshadnowhereelsetogo.移民站的房间又小又冷又潮湿,一些房间甚至没有光,但是移民们没有其他去处。(教材原句P8)常见用法getnowhere没有进展,没有结果nowherenear差得远,远不及benowheretobefound/seen/heard不可能找到/看见/听见Nowhere+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+.(nowhere在句首构成部分倒装)重点短语重点句型重点单词Itsagoodideabutitwillgetnowherewithoutmorefinancialsupport.这个主意不错,但如果没有更多的资金支持是不会成功的。Thestatepensionisnowherenearenough.国家养老金还远远不够。Thechildrenwerenowheretobeseen.根本看不到孩子们在哪儿。现学活用完成句子1.这本书无处可寻。Thebookwasnowheretobefound.2.这远没有戴维所料想的那么痛苦。ItwasnowherenearaspainfulasDavidhadexpected.3.你在哪儿都找不到这个问题的答案。Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion. 重点短语重点句型重点单词by means of.用办法;借助ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。(教材原句P2)拓展延伸bymeansof用方法byeverymeans用尽一切可能的方法bynomeans决不,一点也不byallmeans务必,不惜一切地;当然可以,没问题Thisisbynomeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.这绝不是你第一次迟到了。Trytosavethedyingbyallmeans!一定要尽力抢救那个垂危的病人!重点短语重点句型重点单词特别提醒1.means表示“方法,方式”时单复数同形。2.当means作主语且有every,each等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式;由some,several,few,many等词修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。3.当短语bynomeans置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构。现学活用用means的相关短语填空1.BynomeansamIsatisfiedwithmypresentjob.2.Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknownbymeansofsigns.3.CanIuseyourcar?Byallmeans.AnyhowIamnotusingitnow. 重点短语重点句型重点单词keep up 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.1911年,丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇,该城至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。(教材原句P2)拓展延伸keepupwithsb./sth.赶上,跟上keepout(of)(使)在外,(使)不入内keepon继续前进;继续工作keepaway(from)不接近;避开keepoff不接近;挡住Yourewalkingtoofast.Icantkeepupwithyou.你走得太快了,我跟不上。Wekeptoninspiteofeverydifficulty.尽管有种种困难,我们仍在坚持。Keepthechildrenawayfromthemachine.别让孩子们接近机器。重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用适当的介词或副词填空1.Keepoffthegrass!2.Walkingaloneinthedark,theboywhistledtokeepuphiscourage.3.Peopleshouldkeepawayfromtheradioactive(有放射性的)waste.4.Peopleinthisvillagegettogethereveryyeartokeepupthetraditionandenjoythemselvesastheirancestorsdid.重点短语重点句型重点单词take in 包括;吸收;欺骗Itsa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.这是一次往返79公里的旅行,它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。(教材原句P8)Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday,takingeverythingin.这是假期的全部费用,一切都包括在内。拓展延伸takeaway拿走;使离开;消除(病痛等)takedown记下来;拆掉take.for.把当作takeoff起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;大获成功takeon呈现;雇用;承担;接受(工作)takeover接收,接管;取代takeup占去,占据;开始(从事)重点短语重点句型重点单词Thesebooksareforreadinginthelibrary,andmaynotbetakenaway.这些书只能在图书馆内阅读,不能带出去。Hetookonapart-timeteachingjobinamiddleschool.他在一所中学担任兼职教学工作。Itcantakeupthewholeafternoontoprepareameal.准备一顿饭有时要一下午的时间。现学活用用适当的介词或副词填空1.MywritingcareertookoffwhenIdiscoveredmyownstyle.2.Meetingsandphonecallstakeupalargepartofhisday.3.Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastakenonanewlook.4.IknowIwasnaivetotrusthimbuthewasarealcharmerwhototallytookmein.重点短语重点句型重点单词apply for申请;请示得到From1882to1940AngelIslandwasafamousimmigrationstationwheremanyChinesepeopleappliedforrighttoliveinUSA.从1882年到1940年,天使岛成为一个著名的移民站,许多中国人在那里申请美国居住权。(教材原句P8)Youcantapplyforthejobuntilyouhavesatisfiedcertainconditions.在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这份工作。拓展延伸applytosb.forsth.向某人申请某物applytodosth.申请做某事applyto适用于apply.to.把应用到applyoneselfto(doing)sth.专注于;专心做某事重点短语重点句型重点单词Theymayapplytojointheorganization.他们可能会申请加入该组织。HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他专心学习法语。现学活用用适当的介词填空1.Duetothefactthathefailedtoadapthimselftothepresentjob,heappliedforanotherone.2.Heappliedhimselftohisnewdutieswithgreatenergy.3.Weshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsoknowhowtoapplyittopractice.重点短语重点句型重点单词It is likely that.句型However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而,可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。(教材原句P2)本句中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。Itislikelythat.“是可能的”。此句型可转化为:sb./sth.belikelytodosth.“某人/物可能做某事”。Itsverylikelythatshewillringmetonight.=Shesverylikelytoringmetonight.她今晚很可能会给我打电话。Itislikelythattheweatherwillbefine.=Theweatherislikelytobefine.天气可能会很晴朗。拓展延伸表示“是有可能的”其他句型Itispossible/probablethat.是有可能的Itispossibleforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是有可能的重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用possible,likely或probable填空1.Itspossibleforustobreakwitholdhabits.2.Studiesshowthatpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.3.Itispossiblethatitwillrain,butwithsuchablueskyitdoesntseemprobable.重点短语重点句型重点单词表语从句Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天仍有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。(教材原句P2)Thatiswhy.“这就是为什么”,句中why引导的是表语从句,表示结果。ThatswhyImusttrustyoutokeepthissecret.那就是我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸1.Thatsbecause.“那是因为”。because引导表语从句,表示原因。Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.汤姆开会迟到了,那是因为他病了。2.Thereasonwhy/forwhich.is/wasthat.“的原因是”。表语从句常用that引导,而不用because。ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句改错1.Isthisthereasonwhysheexplainedinthereportforhersuccessinthejob?(why改为that/which或删除why)2.Thereasonwhydeathwasfearedwasbecausenomancouldexperienceittwice.(because改为that)一、单句填空1.(2015天津高考改编)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.1.hasbeenreached。句意:尽管之前已进行了多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语sofar“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。2.(2015安徽高考改编)Smalltalkevenhelpspeopleget(hire).2.hired。句意:寒暄甚至能帮人们应聘成功。此处应用getdone结构来表示被动,故填hired。3.(2015广东高考改编)ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclass(distinct).3.distinction。句意:过去,人们普遍把英国看作一个按阶级划分的社会。介词with后面应该用名词作宾语,classdistinction“阶级差别”。4.(2015天津高考改编)Afterknockingpolitelyatthedoor,the(apply)enteredtheofficeofthegeneralmanager.4.applicant。句意:在礼貌地敲了门后,这个申请人进入了总经理的办公室。空处作主语,应用名词,结合句意可知应填applicant“申请人”。5.(2015福建高考改编)TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasan(elect)course.5.elective。句意:为了了解更多的中国文化,杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。此处所填词修饰名词course,应用形容词elective“(课程)选修的,可选择的”。6.(2014湖北高考改编)Ilearnedthatshoutingandthreatsof(punish)wouldresultinadisaster.6.punishment。此处应用名词作of的宾语。learn后接的宾语从句中的shoutingandthreatsofpunishment作主语。7.(2014江西高考改编)Hehopedshewouldbeabletocontinuethefamily(traditional).7.tradition。此处指“家庭传统”,表达为thefamilytradition。8.(2014湖南高考改编)Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished(state).8.statements。空前有unfinished修饰,故填名词statements,和questions保持一致。9.Iwokeupwithheadache,yetbyeveningthepainhadgone.9.a;the。第一空表示泛指,用不定冠词a;第二空bytheevening为固定用法,用定冠词the。句意:我醒来时头很痛,然而到了晚上疼痛消失了。10.Ihavenointentionofchangingajob;Iamcontentmypresentjob.10.with。固定短语becontentwith意为“对满意”。 二、单元话题微写作多元文化根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。1.杰克申请移民签证后去了美国。(applyfor;immigrationvisa)2.他发现很多居民并不如想象中的那样友好。更糟糕的是,他被骗了,失去了所有。(agreatmany;worsestill;takein)3.他没有别的地方可去,只好继续坚持下去,想方设法习惯新的生活。(nowhere;liveon;makealife)4.起初,他靠饲养牲畜谋生。后来他与一位韩国人合作,开了一家面包店。(bymeansof;cattle;teamupwith;Korean;bakery)5.他从未想过会遇到那么多困难,但他依然保持着自己的传统习俗。(occurto;keepup)JackappliedforanimmigrationvisaandwenttoAmerica,wherehefoundagreatmanyresidentswerenotasfriendlyashehadthought.Worsestill,hewastakeninandlosteverythinghehad.Withnowhereelsetogo,hehadtoliveonandmanagedtomakealifeforhimself.Atfirst,hemadealivingbymeansofraisingcattle.ThenheteamedupwithaKoreanandstartedabakery.Itneveroccurredtohimthathewouldmeetwithsomanydifficulties,buthealwayskeptuphistraditionalcustoms.