名词性从句1What 引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。(2008山东卷)What was most important to her，she told me，was her family.她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。China is no longer what she used to be.中国再也不是从前的中国了。A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。2that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.她一定会成功。(2009天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.他们应该为将来作好准备，这一点学生们相当清楚。1.(2010陕西卷)It never occurred to me_you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.AwhichBwhatCthat Dif解析：句意为：我真的没有想到你能说服他改变主意。本题考查主语从句。句子真正的主语是后边的从句，It 是形式主语。该从句不缺任何成分，故用that 引导。答案：C2 (2010浙 江 卷 )It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat BwhatChow Dwhether解析：句意为：尽管说已经有两千名病人服用了这种药品，但是，这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确。本题考查名词性从句。本题设空处须引导主语从句，that 无实际意义，在从句中不作成分；what 什么，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，还可修饰名词作定语；how 如何，多么；在从句中作方式状语或修饰形容词；whether 是否，在从句中作状语，不修饰名词。side effect 为名词短语，故须用what 修饰。答案：B3 (2010青 岛 市 第 二 次 模 拟 )The expert insisted that silkworms were first raised by a woman in _is now Hebei Province.AWhichBthatCwhere Dwhat解析：what 引导的从句充当介词in的宾语，同时充当从句的主语，相当于a place that。若选which，则定语从句无先行词；若选where，则从句无主语。答案：D1同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他恢复的希望还没有破灭。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(if 不能代替whether 来引导同位语从句)是否我们应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。2同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。The news that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)The news you_told_me_yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)1.(2010烟台四校联考)Word came from Chile_at least 300 people were killed in the 8.8magnitude earthquake.Awhich BwhenCthat Dwhere解析：考查名词性从句。句意为：来自智利的消息，在这次8.8级地震中，至少300人丧生。that 引导的是同位语从句，作word“消息”的同位语，对其内容加以具体说明。由于本句的谓语比较短，为避免头重脚轻，将同位语从句放在了主句后面。答案：C2(2010长沙二模)The question has been raised at the meeting _each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.Athat BwhetherCif Dwhat解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。描述名词question (问题)的内容，引导一个同位语从句，排除if，由question 的含义排除A，从句中不缺少成分，故排除D。只有whether 是否，符合语境。答案：B3 (2009江 西 卷 )The fact has worried many scientists _the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.Awhat BwhichCthat Dthough解析：本题考查同位语从句。句意为：近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。该题同位语从句结构完整，故选连词that。答案：C“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter 疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get.这位可怜的年轻人无论什么样的帮助都乐意接受。(2009陕西卷)The howto book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.指南类的书对想从事这项工作的人会有帮助。Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.无论你说什么，我不会相信你。1.(2011潍坊第一次模拟)What troubles her is that she cant buy_she wants with the money she earns.Awhatever BwhicheverChowever Dwhenever解析：考查名词性从句。句意为：困扰她的是她不能用她挣的钱买任何她想要的东西。whatever 在宾语从句中作want 的宾语。答案：A2(2011浙江卷)How about camping this weekend，just for a change?OK，_you want.AwhicheverBhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever解析：句意为：这个周末我们改变一下，去野营怎么样？好的，你想做什么都可以。whichever 无论哪一个；however 无论怎么样；whatever 无论什么；whoever 无论谁，指人。want 为及物动词，缺少宾语，whatever 一般在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，故为答案。答案：C3(2010重庆卷)To improve the quality of our products，we asked for suggestions_had used the products.Awhoever BwhoCwhichever Dwhich解析：句意为：为提高产品的质量，我们向用过此产品的人征求建议。考查名词性从句。这里whoever(anyone who)引导宾语从句，而且在从句中作主语。who引导宾语从句，意为“谁”，故被排除；whichever 表选择；which 指“哪一个”。答案：A1(2010湖南卷)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew_she was so angry.Awhere BwhetherCthat Dwhy解析：句意为：Cindy 重重地关上门，放声大哭。办公室里没人知道她为什么如此生气。本题考查宾语从句。根据句意可知用why引导宾语从句表示原因，故答案为D项。答案：D2 (2010山 东 卷 )Before the sales start， I make a list of_my kids will need for the coming season.Awhy Bwhat Chow Dwhich解析：句意为：在购物之前，我先列一张孩子们在下个季节所需要的东西的清单。考查宾语从句。本题中，宾语从句缺少宾语，且表示“物”，故用what引导。答案：B3 (2010新 课 标 全 国 卷 )We havent discussed yet_we are going to place our new furniture.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhere解析：句意为：我们还没有讨论要把新家具放在什么地方。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。本空引导宾语从句并在从句中作地点状语，所以选D。that在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；which在宾语从句中可以作主语或宾语，表示选择的含义；what在宾语从句中作主语或宾语。答案：D4(2010江苏卷)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.Awhere BhowCwhen Dwhat解析：句意为：每逢周日，我更喜欢整天都待在屋里听音乐。那就是我不同意的地方，你应该过一种更加积极的生活。本题考查名词性从句。agree为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，故排除what；when表示时间，how表示方式，where 表示具体地点或抽象地点，根据句意可知此处应用where 引导表语从句。答案：A5(2010北京卷)I want to be liked and loved for_I am inside.Awho BwhereCWhatDhow解析：句意为：我希望因为我自己的内在而被别人喜欢和爱戴。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据题干，空格前为介词，构成介宾结构，引导词what放于从句中am后面作表语，句意为“我是一个什么样的人”，故选择C项。答案：C6(2010北京卷)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was_it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat BthatCwhy Dwhether解析：句意为：查尔斯狄更斯喜爱他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是，这本书几乎是以他的真实生活为原型创作的。本题考查表语从句。设空处需要的是表语从句的引导词，而表语从句it was rather closely modeled on his own life的结构很完整，意义表达清晰，不缺任何成分，故用that引导。答案：B7(2010天津卷)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers_I go.Its only 15.Aas BwhichCwhere Dthat解析：句意为：你相信我剪一次头发得花30美元吗？你应该去我常去的那家理发店。仅15美元就够了。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the barbers，即：the barbers shop，代入定语从句后为：I go to the barbers shop.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。答案：C8(2010上海卷)One reason for her preference for city life is_she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.Athat BhowCwhat Dwhy解析：句意为：她偏爱城市生活的原因之一是在城市里很容易找到像商店和餐馆这样的地方。考查名词性从句。系动词is之后是一表语从句，且从句结构完整，不缺任何成分，所以用that引导。答案：A9(2010上海卷)When changing lanes，a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know_.Ahe is entering which laneBwhich lane he is enteringCis he entering which laneDwhich lane is he entering解析：句意为：当司机改变车道时，应该使用转向指示灯告知其他司机要往哪条车道拐。考查宾语从句。四个选项中都有which，又在题干中作宾语从句，所以which应该是从句的引导词，须放在从句句首，故排除A和C两项；宾语从句应用陈述语序，故B项为正确答案。答案：B10 (2010上 海 春 招 )There is no obvious evidence_there is life on any other planet in the solar system.Awhich BthatChow Dwhere解析：此处是that 引导的同位语从句对evidence进行具体的说明，不是定语从句。句意为：没有明显的证据表明在太阳系的其他行星上有生命存在。答案：B练规范、练技能、练速度