Whatre they?Chinese charactersStep 1: Lead-inpictographDo the Chinese characters remain the same for thousands of years?NO!Chinese characters are always changing!Who first invented Chinese writing?When did the Chinese government introduce simplified Chinese characters?Cang Jie.In the 1950s. Step3: Listen and answer the questions. 1. How old is the Chinese writing?2.2. How did Cang Jie invent Chinese writing?3.3. What do we call the first real Chinese characters?4.4. How did the character of “mountain” develop over time? Can you give any other examples?Answer the following questions. 1. How old is the Chinese writing?2.2. How did Cang Jie invent Chinese writing?Thousands of years.Cang Jie saw the footprints of birds and animals in the snow and he got the idea he could use different shapes or pictures to represent objects.3. What do we call the first real Chinese characters?We call them pictographs, which mean line drawings of physical objects.4. How did the character of “mountain” develop over time? Can you give any other examples?The pictograph for a mountain was originally three peaks together. Then this became one peak and three lines and finally turned into the character we use today. There are some other examples such as eye, sun, and moon.Brief introduction of Chinese charactersOrigins of Chinese charactersDevelopment of Chinese charactersCharacters used to express ideasCharacters used to express directions and numbersPictophonetic charactersSimplified Chinese charactersExamples of pictographsdivide the passage into several parts, then give the main idea of each part.Para. 1. Para. 2. Para.3-7Para. 8Brief introduction of Chinese characters.The origins of Chinese characters.Forms and developmentof Chinese characters.Simplified Chinese characters.仓颉仓颉, , 汉字的创始汉字的创始人人, ,是古代神话传是古代神话传说中黄帝的史官。说中黄帝的史官。据说刻在兽骨和龟据说刻在兽骨和龟甲上的文字也是由甲上的文字也是由他发明的他发明的. .他被尊他被尊为为 “ “造字圣人造字圣人”。Cang Jie, who is believed to have invented Chinese characters, used to work as a history official under the Yellow Emperor in ancient China. It is said that the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells were also invented by him. He has been taken as a legendary figure in Chinese history and culture. Forms and development of Chinese characters Pictographs象形字象形字Ideographs会意字会意字 Indicatives指事字指事字 pictophonetic形声字形声字Characters made by combining two or more elements togetherThe form of the characters which are used to indicate directions and numbersCharacters consisting of the semantic (语意的语意的) radical and phonetic (语音语音的的) radicalThe first real Chinese charactersPictographA pictograph is a depiction (描绘描绘) of a material object. SunMoonMountainSheepBull象形字象形字 HumanWomanIdeographs 会意字会意字 composed of two or more existing characters. A man leans against a tree, which means that he is resting.土土 Please move the boxes around to make a character to match the English word. sit man rest good forest木木木木木木人人木木人人人人子子 田田力力 女女Indicatives or Self-Explanatory Characters 指事字指事字 On the topBeneathThe left symbol means a sword.Put a point on the character “sword”, then it refers to the blade.上上下下Pictophonetic形声字形声字帽、洋、姥、驶、材、帽、洋、姥、驶、材、枝、钢、侣、铜、洲枝、钢、侣、铜、洲Which do you prefer?漢字擁有悠久的歷史，它是中國文化的漢字擁有悠久的歷史，它是中國文化的象徵，是中國勞動人民智慧的結晶。象徵，是中國勞動人民智慧的結晶。汉字拥有悠久的历史，它是中国文化的汉字拥有悠久的历史，它是中国文化的象征，是中国劳动人民智慧的结晶。象征，是中国劳动人民智慧的结晶。Chinese simpleChinese complexV s.1.The way a written language developed can tell us just as much about a culture as the history of a spoken language. (p38)一种书面语言的发展方式一种书面语言的发展方式,能告诉我们关于一种能告诉我们关于一种口语的历史口语的历史,同样也告诉我们文化方面的东西。同样也告诉我们文化方面的东西。1. 我不喜欢他对待孩子的方式。我不喜欢他对待孩子的方式。 I dont like the way he treats his child.2. 他解决问题的方式很奇特。他解决问题的方式很奇特。 The way he solved the problems was strange. 2007 湖南湖南 Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _ the way they actually are. A. as B. or C. but D. and 2.The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in that it uses characters which have meanings and can stand alone as words. (p38)differ from不同于不同于;有区别有区别=be different fromMen are alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they differ (from each other).人在许诺时都一样人在许诺时都一样,不同之处在于他们的不同之处在于他们的行动。行动。汉语汉语与与很多西方语言很多西方语言不同不同,区别区别在于在于汉语汉语使用的基本单位汉字本身就具有意义。使用的基本单位汉字本身就具有意义。differ from/with sb. on/about sth. 与某人与某人在某事上意见不一致在某事上意见不一致Im sorry to differ from/with you about that question.相关链接相关链接:make a/no/some/little difference 有一点有一点/没有没有/有些有些/几乎没有作用几乎没有作用/关系关系/影响影响in that 因为因为; 原因是原因是; 在于在于He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work.他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。看得远些。对我来说对我来说,你走或留都没有关系。你走或留都没有关系。It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 1. 2007上海上海 Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _ size and shape. A. on B. form C. by D. in 2. 2007重庆重庆 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for whichstand.站立站立,站着站着Her legs were so weak that she could hardly stand. He stood the ladder against the wall. Stand up, please. .忍受忍受,容忍容忍 (doing) sth I just cant stand the cold. (3). stands for代表；象征代表；象征 GNP stands for gross national product. . standing room 立足之地立足之地 . There stand +subjectThere stands a tall tree before the house made of stones. 相关高考试题相关高考试题1.In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005辽宁卷辽宁卷)Astand many lakes Blie many lakesCmany lakes lie Dmany lakes stand2.Modern plastics can _ very high and very low temperatures. (2005山东卷山东卷)A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support答案：答案：BA3.Chinese people invented numerous characters to represent ideas, objects or actions. (p38)represent vt.1. 表现；描写表现；描写This painting represents a storm.这幅画描绘暴风雨。这幅画描绘暴风雨。2. 代表代表We chose a committee to represent us.我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。中国人发明了无数的汉字来表达思想中国人发明了无数的汉字来表达思想,物体或动作。物体或动作。4.Chinese words are often formed by combining different characters. (p38)combine v. 使联合使联合/结合结合 常与常与with 连用连用这两个党不可能联合在一起。这两个党不可能联合在一起。Its impossible to combine the two parties.We should combine theory with practice.我们必须使理论与实践相结合。我们必须使理论与实践相结合。The two small shops combined to make a large one.这两个小店合并起来成为一个大商店。这两个小店合并起来成为一个大商店。combination 结合；联合；合并结合；联合；合并His character is a combination of strength and kindness.他的性格是刚与柔的结合。他的性格是刚与柔的结合。5.However, not all characters are used to describe objects. (p38)not与与all, both,every, everyone, everything, everywhere, everyday，always, altogether, entirely,等连用时为部分否定等连用时为部分否定, 意为意为“并不并不都都.”然而并不是所有汉字都是用来描述物体的。然而并不是所有汉字都是用来描述物体的。(1). All that glitters is not gold.= Not all that glitters is gold. 发光的并不都是金子。发光的并不都是金子。(2). Both of them havent read this story.=Only one of them has read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。并非他们二人都看过这个故事。改错题改错题:(他总是失败他总是失败,没一样能做好没一样能做好)He used to be a loser and couldnt do everything.everything改成改成anything当当not与与any, anyone, anywhere, anything 连连用或出现用或出现no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, none时是完全否定。时是完全否定。All of us do not agree to the plan.None of us agree(s) to the plan.Everything is not ready.Nothing is ready.我们我们并不是都并不是都同意这个计划。同意这个计划。并不是一切并不是一切都准备好了。都准备好了。一切都没一切都没准备好。准备好。我们我们都不都不同意这个计划。同意这个计划。I fear no difficulty.= We dont fear any difficulty.我们不怕困难。我们不怕困难。比较下面的句子比较下面的句子:- Luckily for you, Miss Brian. The thief might not have noticed your safe in your room. It is still there.- Thank you, Ms. Sigman. Im glad to know that_ lost. A. all is B. more C. any is not D. all is notD6.Though pictographs indicate meanings, they do not show how they should be pronounced. (p38)尽管象形字可以表意尽管象形字可以表意,但它们不可以表音。但它们不可以表音。indicate v. 指出指出;指示指示; ;暗示暗示A signpost indicated the right road for us to follow. 一个路标给我们指出应走的路。一个路标给我们指出应走的路。 I indicated that his help was not welcome.我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。In this map, the towns are indicated by a red dot.在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。7. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. (p38) 不过，从总体上说，汉字是从不过，从总体上说，汉字是从图画形式渐渐发展为标准字形的。图画形式渐渐发展为标准字形的。as a whole作为整体作为整体;整个看来整个看来Is this true just in this country, or in the world as a whole? 8. There are many other examples reflecting the development of Chinese writing, e.g., eye, sun and moon. (p38) 还有很多其他能够反映汉字演变过程的还有很多其他能够反映汉字演变过程的例子，如例子，如“目目”“日日”“月月”等。等。reflect vt., vi. . 反射反射;映出映出 The sunlight was reflected from the water. Look at the trees reflected in the lake. . 反映反映,表现表现That choice reflects your good taste. Such behavior can only reflect discredit on you.(3).深思深思;反省反省(+on/upon/over) +(that)+wh- He reflected that he had no right to do this. John reflected long over Marys argument. He reflected on his past mistakes.9. Chinese words are often formed by combining different characters. (p38) 汉语中汉语中的词汇通常是由不同的汉字组合而成的。的词汇通常是由不同的汉字组合而成的。By prep.（1）. 经由经由;沿沿Ellen flew to Chicago by way of Minneapolis. (2). 在在.旁边旁边,靠近靠近;在在.手边手边I havent got any money by me.(3). 不迟于不迟于;在在.之前之前We had to get there by evening. (4). (表程度表程度)相差相差He missed the bus by three minutes. (5). 以以.计计,按按Youll be paid by the hour. (6). 用用.(乘或除乘或除) Nine divided by three makes three. (7). (表连续或反复表连续或反复)逐个逐个;逐批逐批The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence. (8). 由于由于She took my umbrella by mistake.adv. . 经过经过;过去过去A truck went by. . 在旁边在旁边When I filled out the form she was standing by all the time. . (放放)在一边在一边They put money by for later use.by 构成的短语可表示手段构成的短语可表示手段方式方式时间时间原因原因程度等，在句中通常做状语。程度等，在句中通常做状语。by chance/by accident 偶然；意外偶然；意外by day 在白天在白天by force 用武力用武力by half 一半一半by hand 用手工用手工by mistake 由于差错由于差错by nature 天生的天生的by now 至今至今by sea 乘船乘船by surprise 使人吃惊，出其不意使人吃惊，出其不意by turns 轮流轮流by oneself 独自一人独自一人by wire/by telegraph 通过电报通过电报by practicing 通过实践通过实践by hunting 依靠打猎依靠打猎by weight 按重量按重量by words 用语言用语言by ones appearances/looks 通过外表通过外表learn by heart 背诵；记住背诵；记住by writing/telephoning 通过写信通过写信/打电话打电话相关高考试题相关高考试题No one helped me . I did it all _myself .(2005全卷全卷I)Afor Bby Cfrom DtoBStep 6 : Useful expressionsdiffer fromin thatover timeas a wholedevelopintoturn intothis wayin the 1950sFill in the blanks with the phrases below.over time, according to, differ from, in that/this way, turninto, as a whole, develop into1.Old English _ greatly _ the modern English we use today.2.2. Life on the island has changed _ because of the growing number of tourists who visit it every year.3.3. _ the tickets, the train will leave at 8:30. Wed better hurry to get to the station on time! differsfromAccording toover time4. She said it was the teachers praise and encouragement that _ her _ a good student.5. Install this spell check software on your computer. You will avoid making spelling mistakes_.6. Considering your idea _, I think it will contribute significantly to the development of the company. However, it may cause some problems as well.7.I was lucky _ I was able to find what I wanted.turnedintothis way as a wholein that You are going to write a booklet about the way several Chinese characters developed. Please do the group work and follow the instructions on P39 to finish your own booklet.