1. take place 物物;事做主语事做主语 无进行无进行,无被动无被动1) 发生发生Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place?2）举行）举行The singer was ill. The performance didnt take place after all.1与与place相关短语：相关短语： in ones place in place take ones place take the place of .处于某人的位置处于某人的位置, 为为某人设身处地想一想某人设身处地想一想在合适的位置在合适的位置, 就位就位取代取代, 就位就位取代，代替取代，代替2辨析辨析: take place, happen, occur, break out, come about1)take place 指事先指事先计划计划或预想到的事情的发生。或预想到的事情的发生。 我们学校的运动会将于下周五举行。我们学校的运动会将于下周五举行。 Our school sports meeting is going to take place next Friday.2)happen 偶然偶然或未能预见的发生或未能预见的发生, 可以和可以和to 连用连用 或接或接that引导的从句。引导的从句。 他碰巧没有读过那部小说。他碰巧没有读过那部小说。 He happened not to have read the novel. It happened that he had read the novel.33)occur 既可指某事偶然发生既可指某事偶然发生, 也指某事按计划发生也指某事按计划发生, 可与可与happen互换。也有互换。也有“突然想起突然想起 ” 之意，常与之意，常与to连用连用许多事故是发生在家里的。许多事故是发生在家里的。常用于；常用于；sth occurs to sb/it occurs to sb that. Many accidents occur in the house. A good idea occurred to him.4) break out 仅用于负面场合仅用于负面场合, 常用于灾难常用于灾难, 战争战争, 疾病之类事情的疾病之类事情的突然爆发突然爆发。发生了大火发生了大火/战争爆发了。战争爆发了。 A fire / war broke out. 45) come about 属于属于中性词组中性词组, 既可用于表达正面既可用于表达正面事情的发生事情的发生, 又可用于表达负面事情的发生。又可用于表达负面事情的发生。你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？Can you tell me how the accident came about？52. beauty beautiful /adj./ 美丽的美丽的 beautify /v./美化美化3. harvest /n./ &/v./ 收获，收割收获，收割a good harvest 丰收丰收 harvester 收割机收割机/人人The farmer hired extra workers for the harvest. We will harvest the fruit in autumn.64. celebrate /v./ 庆祝庆祝We held a party to celebrate our success.celebration n.congratulate / v./ 祝贺祝贺congratulate sb. on (doing ) sth.I him on passing the exam.congratulation （常加（常加-s）75.starve /v./1)挨饿挨饿; 饿死饿死Millions of people starved to death during the war.2) (使某人使某人)得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物; 缺乏缺乏The homeless children were starved for love .3) to feel very hungry 感觉很饿感觉很饿, 仅用于进行时态仅用于进行时态 When will dinner be ready? Im starving.starvation n. U 饿死饿死 die of starvation starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资不够维持基本生活的工资86. origin起源，由来，起因起源，由来，起因What was the origin of the accident?The origins of life on earth 可用做可数名词或不可数名词可用做可数名词或不可数名词, 通常用作复数形式通常用作复数形式original /adj./ 原始的原始的97. religious /adj./1）宗教上的，信奉宗教的）宗教上的，信奉宗教的 Most western people have religious beliefs.很多西方人都有宗教信仰。很多西方人都有宗教信仰。2) 虔诚的虔诚的 She is a very religious person.religion /n./ 宗教宗教108. in memory of 纪念纪念 The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.in honor of in praise ofin celebration of in search of in need ofin favour of in charge of119. belief1)信任信任; 信心信心 UI have strong belief in my future.2) 信仰信仰Creligious beliefs 宗教信仰宗教信仰 beyond belief 难以置信难以置信believe /v./ 相信相信 believe in 信任信任1210. dress up盛装，打扮盛装，打扮You should dress up when you take part in the party.dress 给给穿衣服穿衣服 dress sb./oneself 打扮某人（自己）打扮某人（自己）Wake up children and dress them. Hurry up and get dressed. （动态）（动态）The girl was dressed in red. （静态）（静态）1311. trick1)/n./ 诡计，花招诡计，花招They had to think of a trick to get passed the guards.do/perform a trick 玩把戏玩把戏2) /n./ 窍门，招数窍门，招数Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language. 3）/vt./ 欺骗，诈骗欺骗，诈骗She tricked the SnowWhite into eating the poisoned apple.The man tricked the old woman out of all her money.trick sb into sth/doing sth 诱骗某人做某事诱骗某人做某事trick sb. out of sth 诱骗某人某物诱骗某人某物1412. play a trick/tricks on 捉弄捉弄 戏弄戏弄. The naughty boy loves playing tricks on others.13. poet 诗人诗人 /n./ Li Bai is a great poet who wrote many famous poems.1514.arrival /n./1）到达，到来）到达，到来The arrival of the train is 9:00.On our arrival at the farm, we were welcomed by the farmers.2) 到达者到达者They went out to welcome the new arrivals. a new arrival = a babyarrive /v./ 到达到达 arrive in/at + 地点地点1615. gain1） 获得获得He gained full marks in the exam.2) 赢得赢得The scientist gained the respect of his students.No pains, no gains. 一份耕耘，一分收获。一份耕耘，一分收获。1716. independence 独立，自主独立，自主India gained independence from Britain in 1947. depend /v./dependent /adj./independent /adj./ 独立的，自主的独立的，自主的 be dependent on/upon 依靠依靠 be independent of 不受不受支配的支配的 不依赖的不依赖的1817. gather1）搜集）搜集The writer is gathering materials for his works.2)集合集合The teacher gathered the students around her.3) 聚集聚集The clouds are gathering. 【辨析】【辨析】collect 指有计划指有计划, 有选择地收集。有选择地收集。 He collects stamps.1918. award1）v.授予，判定授予，判定They awarded him the title of Hero.Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.The referee awarded a free kick.2） n. 奖，奖品奖，奖品She got the first award in the English contest.The award for the years best actress was a young woman.20award sb. sth. =award sth to sb.奖赏某人某物奖赏某人某物辨析辨析: award 和和rewardaward后接双宾语后接双宾语 reward 奖赏奖赏, 给给报酬报酬, 不能接双宾语不能接双宾语;reward sb. for sth. 因因 奖赏某人；奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人用某物酬劳某人She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. 2119. produce1)/v/ 生产生产The factory produces 1,000 cars a week. 2）/n/ 产品产品,尤指农产品尤指农产品The shop sells only fresh local produce. product 产品产品 production 产量产量 productive 多产的，生产的多产的，生产的 a productive writer 一位多产的作家一位多产的作家2220. admire /v./1）钦佩钦佩, ,羡慕羡慕We all admire him for his courage and bravery.admire sb. for sth.在某方面钦佩某人在某方面钦佩某人2) 欣赏欣赏I admire your poems very much .3) 赞美赞美He admired her new dress. admiration /n./2321. look forward to (doing) sth. 期待着期待着(做做)某事某事Children are looking forward to Spring Festival.Hes looking forward to hearing from his pen pal.2422. day and night 日夜日夜; 昼夜昼夜; 整天整天Her mother is ill. She has to take care of her day and night in the hospital.2523. clothing 服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）an article of clothing 一件衣服一件衣服The cost of food, clothing and shelter is high.辨析辨析: cloth, clothes, clothing1)cloth 指做衣服等用的材料指做衣服等用的材料, 如布料如布料, 毛料毛料, 丝绸等丝绸等, 不可数。不可数。“一块布料一块布料”是是 a piece of cloth. 注意注意: cloth 指具体用途的布时指具体用途的布时, 可与冠词连用。可与冠词连用。 a table cloth 一块桌布一块桌布 a dish cloth 一块擦碗布一块擦碗布262) clothes 指具体的衣服指具体的衣服, 包括上衣包括上衣, 裤子等裤子等, 不能不能与不定冠词或数词连用与不定冠词或数词连用, 但可与物主代词但可与物主代词, 指示指示代词代词, 少数不定代词连用。作主语时少数不定代词连用。作主语时, 谓语用谓语用复数复数形式。形式。He wears fine clothes. 他穿着很讲究。他穿着很讲究。3) clothing 是衣服是衣服, 服装的总称服装的总称, 是集合名词。是集合名词。作主语时候作主语时候, 谓语动词用单数形式。如果要表示谓语动词用单数形式。如果要表示“一件衣服一件衣服”时时, 可以说可以说an article of clothing 或或a piece of clothing, 但不能用但不能用 a suit of clothing那家商店卖童装。那家商店卖童装。The shop sells childrens clothing.2724. as thoughas though和和as if没有什么区别。没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。常用虚拟语气。1) 引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含从句谓语中又含有动词有动词be时时, 可以把主语和可以把主语和 be一起省去。一起省去。 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something. 他四处张望他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。好像寻找什么。282) 引导表语从句引导表语从句It looks as if its going to rainas though和和as if从句用从句用虚拟语气虚拟语气, 还是用陈述还是用陈述语气语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。通常用虚拟语气。The child talks as if she were an adult. He talked as if he had known everything. 2925. have fun (with sb) (与某人与某人)玩得开心玩得开心 We had fun with each other on that day. fun为不可数名词为不可数名词, 没有复数没有复数, 也不能加也不能加a. make fun of 取笑取笑 for fun read for fun 为了乐趣而读书为了乐趣而读书 /adj./ funny 有趣的有趣的3026. custom1)风俗风俗The celebration of the Spring Festival is a custom for Chinese. It is the custom for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.2) 习惯习惯 = habitIt was her custom to rise early. the Customs 海关海关3127. worldwide 世界性的世界性的 Wild life protection has attracted worldwide attention. 野生动物的保护吸引了全世界的注意力。野生动物的保护吸引了全世界的注意力。3228. fool1)/n./ 愚人，白痴，受骗者愚人，白痴，受骗者 I felt a fool when I realized my mistake.2）/v./愚弄，欺骗愚弄，欺骗Youre fooling yourself if you think playing computer games will not affect your studies.3329. permission /n./允许，许可允许，许可I asked for his permission to use the car.You have my permission to leave.permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事3430. turn up.1) 出席出席(某活动某活动), 出现出现 We planned to meet at 7:00, but he didnt turn up.2) 把把(收音机等收音机等)音量开大一些音量开大一些Turn up the radio a little, I can hardly hear the program.The teacher turned down the students proposal(请求）请求）. 拒绝拒绝I thought it would rain the next day, but itturned out to be a sunny day.结果是结果是turn off 关掉关掉 turn on 打开打开turn to sb. for help 向某人求助向某人求助3531. keep ones word守信，履行诺言守信，履行诺言I promised my teacher to work hard, I must.=perform ones word.break ones word 失信失信Dont break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you.word 此处为诺言为不可数名词此处为诺言为不可数名词消息消息Word came that he had succeeded.3632. hold ones breath= stop breathing for a time 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸The girl held her breath at the sight of the snake. All Americans held their breath to see who would win the election.take breath 歇会儿歇会儿get ones breath 喘过气来喘过气来be out of breath 喘不过气来喘不过气来breathe /v./37You must apologize to the teacher for being so rude.33. apologize道歉道歉 say sorryapologize to sb for (doing) sth apology / n./表达道歉表达道歉接受道歉接受道歉拒绝道歉拒绝道歉make / offer an apologyaccept an apologyrefuse an apology3834. drown (drowned, drowned) / v./1)淹死淹死Dont play by the river in case you fall and drown.There was a drowning man .(快要淹死的）快要淹死的）drowned 已经淹死的已经淹死的2) 浸浸, 泡泡借借 消愁消愁 drown ones sorrow/sadness inThe floods drowned the streets and houses.3) 淹没淹没The noise in the street drowned out her voice.3935. obvious /adj./ 明显的明显的, 清楚的清楚的His meaning is obvious.1) be obvious + to + 表示人的名词或代词表示人的名词或代词Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.2) It + be + obvious +that-clauseIt is obvious that you are wrong.Obviously, he is telling a lie.4036. wipe1） 擦擦/抹某物抹某物Wipe your hands with the handkerchief.2)把把擦掉，抹掉擦掉，抹掉The girl wiped her tears away.3）把）把擦干擦干The students wiped the floor dry.4137. weep (wept, wept)哭泣，流泪哭泣，流泪Failing in the exam, the girl wept over/for her bad learning results.4238. set off1)动身动身, 出发出发; Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.2)使使(地雷、炸弹地雷、炸弹)爆炸爆炸; The bomb set off among the crowd.3)使某物更有吸引力使某物更有吸引力A woman s beauty is set off by her clothes and jewellery.43set about doing sth. 着手着手(做某事做某事)set in 开始开始set up 建立建立, 创立创立 set down 写下写下, 记下记下set somebody to do something. （将要做）（将要做） 使某人开始工作使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something （正在做）（正在做）使某人处于某种状态使某人处于某种状态 44 39. remind 提醒提醒, 使想起使想起 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起使某人想起 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that 提醒提醒The photo reminds me of my mother.Remind me to take my books tomorrow.My teacher reminded me that I should finish my homework on time.45What you said just now _ me of that American professor.A. mentioned B. informedC. reminded D. memorized C4640. forgive (forgave, forgiven) /vt./ 原谅原谅, 饶恕饶恕Please forgive me, I didnt mean to hurt you.Please forgive me for being late.=please forgive my being late.forgiving /adj./ 宽仁的宽仁的, 宽大的宽大的forgiveness /n./ 宽恕宽恕ask for forgiveness 请求原谅请求原谅receive forgiveness 47