Unit 4 EarthquakesWarming up How many Nature Disasters do you know? typhoon tornado tsunamivolcanic eruptionsand stormthunderstormdroughtfloodfire hurricaneEarthquakeNatural disastersvolcanosandstormdroughtfloodfirehurricanetsunamiearthquakeWenchuan EarthquakeCan you describe how terrible the earthquake was?2008.5.12The city lay in ruins.破败不堪破败不堪The buildings fell down.倒塌倒塌 Roads might crack. 开裂开裂Many people were killed or injured.受伤的受伤的A great number of people lost their homes.许多，大量许多，大量Tangshan, HebeiJuly 28th, 1976 1) Do you know what would happen before an earthquake?2) What can we do to keep ourselves safe from an earthquake?Guess:what may happen before an earthquake?Bright lights flash in the skyBright lights flash in the skyAnimals are too nervous , such as cows, dogs, horses, and snakes, etc.Predictions of an earthquake:1) Bright lights flash in the sky; 3) The well walls have deep cracks with smelly gas;4) Animals are too nervous, such as cows, pigs, horses, and snakes, etc; 5) Mice run out to look for places to hide; 6) Fish jump out of the ponds.2) The water in the well rise and fall;Reading What does the passage mainly talk about?Time: Place: Disaster: July 28, 1976Tangshan, HebeiA big earthquakeMain idea: An earthquake happened in Tangshan on July 28, 1976 SkimmingJoin the correct parts of the sentences.Do a fast reading of the passage.2 The people didnt worry because 1 The chickens didnt eat because C they were nervous. E they didnt know what the strange events meant.3 Such a great number of people died because4 Water was needed because5 The people did not lose hope becauseD dams and wells were useless.B the quake happened while they were sleeping.A the army came to help them. B. B. Strange things were Strange things were happening before the happening before the earthquakeearthquakeC. C. The disaster The disaster happened and caused happened and caused a lot of lossa lot of lossA. A. Helps came to Helps came to Tangshan. All hope was Tangshan. All hope was not lostnot lostJust match it !Part1Part2Part3(Para.1)(Para.2&3)(Para.4)Second reading: Structure of the textPartEventsBefore the earthquake (Paragraph _)_ were happening both in the countryside and in the city of Tangshan but _ them.During the earthquake (Paragraph _)The earthquake _ the city and _ the people.shockeddestroyed2-3no one noticedStrange things1PartEventsAfter the earthquake (Paragraph _)Soldiers were sent to dig out those trapped and _ the dead; _ were built for the homeless and _ was taken to the city.fresh watersheltersto bury4Third reading:Part 1Part 2Part 3Para 1 Signs before the earthquakeStrange thingsNo one noticed them.The water in the wellrose and fell.well wallshad deep cracks in them.A smelly gasThe pigs and the chickensmice and fishIn the skyThe water pipecame out of the cracks.were too nervous to eat.mice came out of fields; fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.people saw bright lights.cracked and burst.Para2-3 Damage caused by the earthquake.The cityThe peopleIt seemed It seemed as if the as if the world was world was at an end.at an end.Main IdeaDetails At _ am, the _ earthquake of the 20th century began ._ burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of the rock became rivers of _._ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.Damage caused byearthquakePara. 2-3Fill in the blanks3:42greatestSteamdirtBricksMain IdeaDetailsTwo _ and most of the bridges fell. The railway tracks were now _pieces of _._ now filled the wells instead of water.Water,food,and _ were hard to get.Damage caused byearthquakePara. 2-3Fill in the blanksdamsuselesssteelSandelectricityData (数据数据)v _ of the nation felt the earthquake.v A huge crack that was _ kilometres long and _ metres wide cut across houses.vIn _ terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. v _ of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.v The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than _.vAll of the citys hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and _ of its homes were gone.1/3830152/3400,00075%90%Para. 2-3These numbers show the destructive effects of earthquake directly to us which can help us gain more information about the earthquake.Para 4 Recovery after the earthquakeArmy; 150, 000 soldiersDig out; buryWorkers; sheltersFresh waterAll the All the hope was hope was not lost.not lost.Not all hope was lost.How the army helped the people in Tangshan?The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury those who were trapped.Miners were rescued from the coal mines.Shelters were built for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city.:After the earthquakeSum up the main idea of each part of the passage. (use one word to describe)Part 1: para 1Part 2: para 2&3Part 3: para 4signsdamagerecoveryPost-reading: Retell the story _ happened in Tang Shan. For a few days, water in the wells _. From the _ of wells _come out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became _. At 3:00 am, everything began to _. It seemed that the world was _. _ of the nation _ it. _ cut across the city. The city lay _. Strange thingsrose and fellcrackssmelly gasnervousshakeat an endOne-thirdfeltA huge crackin ruinsTwo-thirds of the people _ or _. Then later that afternoon, another big quake _ Tang Shan. People began to wonder _. But all hope _. _ came to help those _. Slowly, the city began to _.diedwere injuredshookhow long the disaster would lastwas not lostSoldiersbreathe againsurvivorsWhat should we do toprotect ourselves if an earthquake happened?Discussions1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. imagine: form a mental picture imagine + n. /pron.1. imagine sb. to be 2. shake: cause to move to and froLanguage pointsright away: at once; in no time; immediatelyright now: at this very momentMake up your mind _.Ill return the book _.right nowright awayHe _ from his chair when the doorbell rang.Her job is _ chickens.Her temperature is still _.He _ in rank recently.2. rise vi. rose, risen 上升上升; 升起升起; 上涨上涨; 升高升高; 增加增加 raise vt. raised, raised 举起举起, 抬起，喂养抬起，喂养roseraisingrisinghas risensmelly: smell+ y = adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)They were all hungry and the food _ good.I can _ something burning in the kitchen.Please throw the _ fish away.smeltsmellsmelly3. A _ gas came _ _ the cracks.smellyout of4. the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _.burstburst可以作动词，意为：可以作动词，意为：使爆炸使爆炸;使破裂使破裂 ；突然发生，突然出现突然发生，突然出现。常构成短语。常构成短语burst into sth. 或或burst out doing sth.，表，表示示“突然开始（做某事）突然开始（做某事）”，如：，如：burst into tears = burst out crying（表示（表示“突突然哭起来然哭起来”）。也可以作名词，意为：）。也可以作名词，意为： 爆炸爆炸。例如：。例如：1. The dam burst after heavy rains.2. In the game, children try to burst balloons by sitting on them.3. Claire looked as if she were about to burst into tears.4. Joan didnt say anything at first and then she burst out crying.5. There is a burst in the water pipe.即学即练即学即练 根据根据burst的用法，完成下的用法，完成下列句子。列句子。1. Everyone in the room burst out _ (laugh).2. She found there were _ (burst) in the well walls.laughingbursts5. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 考点考点 定语从句中引导词定语从句中引导词who的用法。的用法。考例考例 Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. (北京北京 2006)A. who; 不填不填 B. 不填不填; who C. who; who D. 不填不填;不填不填 6. It seemed as if the world1) as if 似乎，好像似乎，好像 = as though She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我 似的。似的。2) as if 在表语从句中相当于在表语从句中相当于that: It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。看起来会议没完没了。本文中本文中as if 的用法就是第二种。的用法就是第二种。It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed that the world was at an end!It seemed that the world was _ _ _.at an endat the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所用于表示具体事物或场所的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意; by the end of 用于表示时间的场合，用于表示时间的场合， 到到结束的时候，用于过去完成时态结束的时候，用于过去完成时态; in the end 意思意思“最后、终于最后、终于”。 Compare: at the end of by the end of in the end1) His father will return home _ this year.2) He will be a scientist _.3) How many English words had you learned _ last term?at the end ofin the endby the end of7. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in _.ruinslie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain statein ruins: severely damaged or destroyedCompare: ruin; destroy; damagedamage指部分指部分“损坏损坏”、“损害损害”、“破坏破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词, 也可以用作名词也可以用作名词, 用作名词时常与用作名词时常与to something 连用。连用。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作动词只能用作动词, 指彻底破坏指彻底破坏, 以致以致不可能修复不可能修复, 常作常作“破坏破坏”、“毁灭毁灭”解解, 也可以也可以指希望、计划等打破。指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin则表示破坏严重则表示破坏严重, 以致不能修复以致不能修复, 但这但这种破坏不像种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物那样毁灭某物,而是强调而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时时,它作它作 “使毁灭使毁灭”、 “使崩溃使崩溃”、 “弄糟弄糟”解解;用作名词时用作名词时, 它表示它表示 “毁灭毁灭”、 “瓦解瓦解”、 “废废墟墟”等抽象概念。等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。也有借喻的用法。The fire ruined the castle. The house has fallen into ruin. The company is facing ruin. The village _ in ruins after the war.These machines have _ idle since the factory closed.An earthquake left the whole town _.His career is _.laylainin ruinsin ruinsEverywhere they looked nearly everything was _. destroyedHe _ his girl friends prospectsruinedSoft wood _easily.damages8. Two-thirds of the people died or were _ during the earthquake.injuredMore than 61% of the surface of the earth _ covered by water.Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young.以百分数作为主语的，谓语动词是单数还以百分数作为主语的，谓语动词是单数还是负数取决于百分数后面跟的名词是可数是负数取决于百分数后面跟的名词是可数还是不可数的。还是不可数的。isare请根据提示完成下列句子。请根据提示完成下列句子。1. _ (三分之一三分之一) of the students in our class _ (be) girls.2. _ (五分之三五分之三) of the soil _ (wash) away by the flood last night.3. _ (一半一半) of the desks in this school _ (make) in his company.4. _ (大部分的大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday _ (be) interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswas washedHalfare madeMostwas5. _ (数万数万) people _ (dance) in the big square now.6. There were _ (一万一万) students taking part in the exam yesterday.7. _ (百分之九十百分之九十) of the mountain _ (cover) by trees.is coveredTens of thousands ofare dancingten thousand90% / 90 percentCompare: injure; hurt; wound injureinjure: : to hurt oneself/ sbto hurt oneself/ sb. . / sth. physically / sth. physically三者都可表示受伤，伤害。三者都可表示受伤，伤害。hurt可指对可指对身体上的伤害，也指对心灵造成的伤害。身体上的伤害，也指对心灵造成的伤害。wound一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤等，一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤等，尤其指在战争中，打斗中受伤。尤其指在战争中，打斗中受伤。injure 一般是指在事故中受伤，往往意为一般是指在事故中受伤，往往意为“外外伤伤”。 Their criticisms _ him deeply.Smoking will _ his health.He was slightly _ in the car accident.He got _ in the fighting.What you said _ my feeling.have hurtinjuredinjuredwoundedhurt9. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. 分析分析 a. 这是一个由这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。连接的并列复合句。b. 本句的结构是：第一个分句本句的结构是：第一个分句（Thousands of families were killed） + and + 第二个分句（第二个分句（many children were left without parents）。）。c. 第二个分句的结构为：主语（第二个分句的结构为：主语（many children） + 谓语（谓语（were left） + 主语补主语补足语（足语（without parents）。）。d. 可以充当补足语的还有形容词、分词、可以充当补足语的还有形容词、分词、不定式、名词或句子等。不定式、名词或句子等。仿写仿写 _（有这么多作业要做，我怎么能轻松起来（有这么多作业要做，我怎么能轻松起来呢？）呢？）How could I feel relaxed with so much homework to do?10. Trap 阅读下列句子，注意阅读下列句子，注意trap的意思及用法。的意思及用法。1)The elevator broke down and we were trapped inside (it). 2) I must take no notice of their politeness or kindness which was designed to trap me into giving information.3) If were lucky, the thief will fall right into our trap.4) To break out of the trap they need help from the government.自我归纳自我归纳 trap可以作可以作_，意为：，意为： _（句（句1）。可以构成短语）。可以构成短语trap sb. into (doing) sth.，表示，表示“使中计；使陷使中计；使陷入圈套入圈套”（句（句2）。也可以作名词）。也可以作名词, 意为：意为： _ （句（句3）；）； _ （句（句4）。）。动词动词使陷入困境使陷入困境困境困境陷阱陷阱即学即练即学即练 根据括号内的提示完成句子。根据括号内的提示完成句子。1. I knew perfectly well _ (这是一个陷阱这是一个陷阱).2. By clever questioning, they _ (诱使他诱使他) making an agreement.it was a trap trapped him into11. shock寓词于境寓词于境 阅读下列句子，注意阅读下列句子，注意shock的意思的意思及用法。及用法。1. The shock of her fathers death made her ill.2. The news of his death came as a shock to us all.3. He isnt seriously injured but is in shock.4. I felt the shock as the plane hit the ground.5. It shocks you when something like that happens.自我归纳自我归纳 shock可以作名词，意为：打可以作名词，意为：打击（句击（句1）；）； _（句（句2）；休克（句）；休克（句3）；）； _ （句（句4）。也可以作动词，意为：）。也可以作动词，意为： _ （句（句5）。）。拓展拓展 shocked为形容词，表示为形容词，表示“吃惊的、吃惊的、震惊的震惊的”。如：。如：For a few minutes we stood in shocked silence.震惊震惊震动震动（使）震惊（使）震惊即学即练即学即练 根据括号内的提示完成句子。根据括号内的提示完成句子。1. The news of his mothers death _（使他非常震惊）（使他非常震惊）.2. She _（因休克死亡）（因休克死亡） following an operation on her brain.3. What really _（让我震惊的）（让我震惊的）was that no one seemed to care about that.4. _（我们很吃惊）（我们很吃惊）to hear about his leaving.was a terrible shock to himdied of shockshocked meWe were shocked考点考点 last在此句中意为在此句中意为“持续，延续持续，延续”。可单独使用，也可后接。可单独使用，也可后接for +一段时一段时间（间（for可以省略）。可以省略）。12. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.考例考例 The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. (2004全国卷全国卷II)A. keeps B. continuesC. finishes D. lasts 点拨点拨 根据句意根据句意“只持续只持续30分钟分钟”，排除排除C； keep意为意为“维持，保持维持，保持”时，后时，后接形容词作表语，排除接形容词作表语，排除A; continue指继续指继续做某事；做某事；last指某事持续了多长时间。指某事持续了多长时间。13. All hope was not lost.考点考点 all.not = not all.意为意为“并不都并不都”，是部分否定。当，是部分否定。当all, both及及every的合成词与的合成词与not 连用时，表示部分连用时，表示部分否定；完全否定要用否定；完全否定要用no, never, nowhere, none, neither, nothing, nobody等。等。考例考例 I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. (NMET 1997)A. everythingB. anythingC. something D. nothing 点拨点拨 根据前面的根据前面的“我同意你说的大部我同意你说的大部分分”，暗示，暗示“我并不同意所有的我并不同意所有的”，可，可知是部分否定，选知是部分否定，选A。not.everything表表示的是部分否定。示的是部分否定。14. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.dig out 挖掘；发现挖掘；发现bury: A. to place in the ground B. to occupy (oneself) with deep concentration; absorbThe dog buried the bone in the ground.I buried myself in my studies.bury oneself in= be buried in devote oneself to= be devoted toa. 这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。b. 本句的结构是：主语（本句的结构是：主语（The army） + 谓语（谓语（organized） + 宾语（宾语（teams） + 目目的状语（的状语（to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead）。）。c. who were trapped是定语从句，修饰先是定语从句，修饰先行词行词those。d. and连接两个不定式短语作目的状语。连接两个不定式短语作目的状语。15. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 考点考点 whose意为意为“的的”，在定语，在定语从句中作关系代词，后接名词。当前面从句中作关系代词，后接名词。当前面的先行词与后面的名词构成所属关系时，的先行词与后面的名词构成所属关系时，就用关系代词就用关系代词whose。其先行词可以是。其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。人，也可以是物。考例考例 Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. (天津天津 2005)A. that B. whoseC. those D. what 点拨点拨 因因from前是逗号，可判断出后面前是逗号，可判断出后面是一个定语从句，排除是一个定语从句，排除those；从句部分；从句部分与先行词之间的关系为：与先行词之间的关系为：the people are still suffering from the effects of the floods，whose指代指代of the floods, 在句中在句中作定语，故此题选作定语，故此题选B。 What can we do to reduce the damage of earthquakes?keys1. Build houses along the lines where two of the earths plates join together;2. Build the houses on rock than on sand.3. Make the houses as strong as possible, weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.1. Practice reading the whole text.2. Finish off the exercise. Learning about language.