Book 2-10 PompeiiRobert Silverberg1R einforcementT ext AnalysisPompeiiB ackgroundW arming upUnit 102Questions / ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWBTRHalf a DayUnit 1Warming up3Warming upQuestions / ActivitiesWBTRWhy does the author call Pompeii a strange city?What happened to the city?What was the city like before it was destroyed?What are some other natural disasters in world history that you have learned about?4Check-on PreviewMatch the words with their correct meaning in the text. 1.hurl2.graze3.cram4.intact5.mighty6.shattera. very strong or powerful b. to suddenly break into small piecesc. to throw violently in a particular directione. to eat grass growing in a fieldf. to push sb./sth. into a small placeg. complete and not damagedWBTRWarming upKey: c, e, f, g, a, b5ObjectivesUnderstand the structure and the general idea of the textKnow something about the history of Pompeii and what happened in AD 79Be able to use specific verbs to describe thingsBe able to create a dominant impression by using words about five sensesKnow something about natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tornado etc.WBTRWarming up6BackgroundCulture TipsAuthorHalf a DayUnit 10BWTR7BackgroundAuthorRobertRobert Silverberg (born January 15, 1935) Silverberg (born January 15, 1935) is an American author, best known for is an American author, best known for writing science fiction. writing science fiction. In 1956 he graduated from Columbia In 1956 he graduated from Columbia University, having majored in University, having majored in Comparative Literature.Comparative Literature.His LifeBWTR8Culture TipsNaplesNaples is the capital of Campania and the third-largest city in Italy, after Rome and Milan. It has a population of nearly 1 million within its administrative limits on a land area of 117.3km2 (45sqmi). The urban area of Naples extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of above 3 million. 9The city of PompeiiPompeii is a partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples. Pompeii was partially destroyed and buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, and it was lost for nearly 1700 years before its accidental rediscovery in 1749. Since then, its excavation has provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana. Today, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Italy, with approximately 2,500,000 visitors every year. Culture Tips10Pompeii the last day A multidisciplinary study of the eruption products and victims indicates that at Vesuvius and surrounding towns heat was the main cause of death of people, previously believed to have died by ash suffocation. The results of the study, published in 2010, show that exposure to at least 250C hot surges at a distance of 10 kilometres from the vent was sufficient to cause instant death, even if people were sheltered within buildings. Culture Tips11Mount VesuviusMount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. They were never rebuilt, although surviving townspeople and probably looters did undertake extensive salvage work after the destructions. The towns locations were eventually forgotten until their accidental rediscovery in the 18th century.Pompeii, with Vesuvius towering aboveCulture Tips12Vesuvius from plane Culture TipsInside the crater of Vesuvius13JupiterJupiter is the king of the gods and the god of sky and thunder. Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until the Empire came under Christian rule. Jupiter is thought to have originated as a sky god. His identifying implement is the thunderbolt, and his primary sacred animal is the eagle, which held precedence over other birds in the taking of auspices and became one of the most common symbols of the Roman army. Culture Tips14ApolloApollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion, Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. Culture Tips15IsisIsis is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs. She was worshipped as the ideal mother and wife as well as the patron of nature and magic. She was the friend of slaves, sinners, artisans, and the downtrodden, and she listened to the prayers of the wealthy, maidens, aristocrats, and rulers. Isis is also known as protector of the dead and goddess of children.The name Isis means Throne. Her headdress is a throne. As the personification of the throne, she was an important representation of the pharaohs power. The pharaoh was depicted as her child, who sat on the throne she provided.Culture Tips16DetailedAnalysisStructureHalf a DayUnit 1Text AnalysisTWBR17Text AnalysisStructure1Para. 1-7A brief account of Pompeii before and after August 24, AD79. 2Para. 8-9A detailed description of what happened on the day of the eruption.TWBR18Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisMain IdeaSentence ParaphraseWords & ExpressionsExercisePart I Part IITWBR19What was the city like before the eruption?What were people in Pompeii doing before the eruption?IF the city had not been destroyed by the volcanic eruption, what would it be like today?Part I: Main Idea20Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Words & ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammareruptstrikeperishshroudintactclattershimmerno othercome downhide frombreak throughbe in placecome to lifebe in portclear awaythe day + that clause To do is to do.is all one needs to do.inversion21strike (para. 4)to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenlyIve got a life insurance policy that will look after my family if disaster strikes. The disease has struck the whole community, sometimes wiping out whole families. They predict that a large earthquake will strike the east coast before the end of the decade. Detailed AnalysisPart I: Words and Expression22perish (para. 4)to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed Three hundred people perished in the earthquake. He believes that Europe must create closer ties or it will perish. Publish or perish is a phrase coined to describe the pressure in academia to rapidly and continuously publish academic work to sustain or further ones career.Detailed Analysis23a rain of sth.(para. 4)a rain of sth.: a large number of thins that fall from the sky at the same time.例如：例如：A A rainrain ofof abuse has been heaped upon him. 他遭到好一顿咒骂。这类用法属于暗喻（metaphor），相似例子如下：A A stormstorm ofof applause rose from the audience. 观众一阵喝彩。The charges touched off a a stormstorm ofof protest. 那些指控激起了猛烈的抗议。Detailed Analysis24shimmer (para. 6)to shine in such a way that the light seems to shake slightly and quickly She could see her reflection in the water, shimmering in the moonlight. Compare shimmer with other verbs like sparkle, twinkle and glisten. Detailed Analysis25shroud (para. 5)a layer of something which covers or surrounds somethingEverything was covered in a thick shroud of dust.The truth about the accident remains hidden beneath a shroud of secrecy.Detailed Analysis26restore sth. to sth. (para. 7)The stolen goods were all restoredrestored toto their owners. 被偷窃的东西都归还给原主了。The house has been restoredrestored toto its original splendour. 这座房子已经恢复了当初的光彩。The city was finally restoredrestored toto tranquility. 这座城市最后恢复了平静。After years of neglecting, the palace has been restoredrestored toto its former glory. 经过若干年的沉寂，这座宫殿恢复了以往的壮丽。Detailed Analysis27Beneath the protecting shroud of ash, the city lay intact. (para 5.)The city remained as it had been before the eruption. It had been protected by the think layer of ash that buried the city deep.Detailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence Paraphrase28A good imagination is all you need to restore it to activity. (para. 7)If you have a good imagination you will be able to imagine what was going on the sights, sounds, smells and activities of a busy, prosperous Roman town.Detailed Analysis291.在我的学校里没有别的美国人了。2.他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住。 3.你是不是有什么事要瞒着我？4.不久，绿色的嫩芽就会破土而出。5.书都放得整整齐齐，井井有条。 6.一个年轻女孩翻阅着家庭相册，童年记忆重回眼前。7.我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。 Translate the following sentences into English.Detailed AnalysisPart I: Exercises301.There are nono otherother Americans in my school.2.Theyve recently comecome downdown from London to live in the village.3.Are you trying to hidehide something fromfrom me?4.Soon, tiny green shoots will breakbreak throughthrough the soils surface.5.The books were all neatly inin placeplace, carefully arranged.6.A young girls childhood memories comecome toto lifelife as she thumbs through her family photograph album.7.Our job is to clearclear awayaway the rubbish.Suggested answersDetailed Analysis31Part II: Main IdeaWhat did people do after eruption?What caused the greatest loss of life?Did anyone survive the volcanic eruption? How did they manage to do it?What would you do if you had been there in Pompeii?32Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Words & Expressionsbreak looseblow upbranch outdie awaygo bybe at handmake ones waybe in storelose consciousnessshower of stonesWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarvine-coveredsummitreverberatepumiceoverwhelmclusterpast participle as attributive33summit (para. 9)Other popular usages of summit:1.an important formal meeting between leaders of governments from two or more countries a summit meeting World leaders will meet next week for their annual economic summit. 2.the highest, most successful or most important point in something I certainly havent reached the summit of my career. Detailed AnalysisPart II: Words and Expression34reverberate(para. 13)LITERARY If a loud deep sound reverberates, it continues to be heard around an area, so that the area seems to shake The narrow street reverberated with/to with/to the sound of the workmens drills. Detailed Analysis35overwhelm (para. 18)The village was overwhelmedoverwhelmed byby ash from the volcano. 村子被火山灰覆盖。 When he saw the dressmakers daughter, he was overwhelmedoverwhelmed byby her beauty. 当他见到了裁缝师的女儿，马上就对她的美貌为之倾倒。I was overwhelmedoverwhelmed byby the sight of the tomb. 我为这陵墓的景象所慑服。If one was overwhelmedoverwhelmed byby passion, it could lead to serious blunders. 当人的感情完全淹没理智时，就可能铸成大错。Detailed Analysis36cluster (para. 19)a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph. There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs. Detailed Analysis37The sound of the explosion died away, but it still reverberated in everyones ears. (para. 13)Even when the loud sound stopped, people did not recover from the shock.Detailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence Paraphrase38An hour went by and darkness still shrouded everything. (para. 14) An hour passed, things did not improve and darkness covered everything.Detailed Analysis39Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke, rushed up one street and down the next, trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety. (para. 17) People panicked. They rushed into the streets to escape the falling buildings. It was dark and the air was full of smoke so they could not see where they are going. They rushed up one street and down the next in a hopeless attempt to reach safety. In their blind rush they ran over the bodies of people who had fallen down.Detailed Analysis40Translate the following sentences into English.1.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。2.他只得把火吹旺使它烧起来。3.公司的业务从汽车零售扩大到汽车出租。4.台风过后，风渐渐平息了。5.随着时光流逝，多少人来了又走，留下无尽故事。 6.胜利即将到来。7. 我们设法从购物的人潮中挤过去。8. 一场新的灾难即将向庞培袭来。9.虽然我没有失去知觉，但那剧烈的疼痛确实难忍。Detailed AnalysisPart II: Exercises41Suggested answers1.A mighty force was about to breakbreak looseloose. 2.He had to blowblow upup the fire to make it burn. 3.From car retail the company branchbranch outout into car leasing. 4.The winds diedie awayaway after the typhoon passed. 5.As timetime goes byby, numerous people come and gogo, with countless stories left here. 6.Victory is atat handhand.7.We tried to makemake our wayway through the crowds of shoppers. 8.A new trouble was inin storestore for Pompeii. 9.Though I did not loselose my consciousnessconsciousness, the sharp pain was really killing me. Detailed Analysis42RWBTHalf a DayUnit 1ReinforcementRetellingRetellingDiscussionDiscussion43RetellingSuppose you survived the volcanic eruption, retell how you managed to escape to your partner.Suppose you are a visitor in Pompeii, retell what you have seen to your partner.In both retellings, please use as many specific words as you can to make your account vivid.Reinforcement44Topics for DiscussionWhat makes ruins like Pompeii to be popular?Ruins of quake-hit Sichuan now become new tourist hotspots. Is it suitable to develop “disaster tourism”? What insights about life do tourist expect to gain?Reinforcement45