Unit4 HonestyNew Applied College English Book 1New Applied College English Book 1 After studying this unit, you will be able to: know the importance of telling the truth; understand the real meaning of honesty; write a paragraph in chronological order; use the present participle and the past participle correctly; plan an on-campus event to promote the virtue of honesty.ObjectivesContent123456Further ReadingFurther ReadingContentTask 1 Are you an honest person? Please have a self-reflection and evaluate your honesty. I am truthful, sincere and straightforward. Yes or No I never lie, cheat or steal. Yes or No I tell white lies occasionally. Yes or No I dont intentionally mislead others. Yes or No I think/I dont think I am an honest person because _Clip 1Clip 1Clip 2Clip 2Pamela MeyerPinocchioPartA_1Task 2 Have you ever cheated in exams? In your opinion, why do some students cheat in exams? Work in pairs to discuss this question and then propose some possible solutions. ReasonsReasonsSolutionsSolutionsNot fully prepared for an exam; Spending more time preparing for an exam;Having no confidence in passing an exam;Correctly understanding the purpose of taking an exam;Wanting to score high in an exam;Correctly understanding the meaning of getting high scores;No one really gets punished for cheating.Cheating behavior should be taken seriously and punished accordingly._TextTextText OrganizationText OrganizationComprehensionComprehensionVocabularyVocabularyStructureTranslationTopic Preview: Most of us tell about 11 lies a day. One little white lie here, another there. It seems that your pants arent going to catch on fire and your nose isnt growing longer. So what would it hurt? Actually plenty. A new study suggests that honesty may indeed be the best policy, for both your mental and physical health. How Telling the Truth How Telling the Truth Could Boost Your HealthCould Boost Your Health 3 The studys author is Anita E. Kelly, a psychology professor at the University of Notre Dame who runs a Templeton Foundation-funded research project called The Science of Honesty. She presented findings from the projects latest study at the national convention of the American Psychological Association last week and wrote about them at her Psychology Today blog, “Insight.” 1 A man goes to see his doctor. He says, “Doctor, I want to be healthier.” The doctor says, “No problem. From now on, always mean what you say.”2 That may sound like the start of a joke, but its actually a short version of results from a new study suggesting that sincerity and honesty are keys to good health. Translation4 Kelly and her team found 72 adults and randomly assigned them to two groups: a Sincerity group and a Control group. The Control group wasnt given specific instructions (other than theyd be in a study for the next five weeks, topic uninformed), but the Sincerity group was given the following instructions:5 “Throughout every day of the next five weeks, you must speak honestly, truthfully, and sincerely not only about the big things, but also about the small things, such as why you were late. You must always mean what you say in situations where your statements are to be taken seriously, as opposed to when joking or obviously exaggerating. While you certainly can choose not to answer questions, you must always mean what you say.”Translation6 During the next five weeks, both groups came to the lab for periodic polygraph tests and standard measures of physical health. By the final week, Kelly says that the results were “amazing.” The Sincerity group reported significantly less physical health problems than the Control groupespecially fewer sore throats, headaches, and nausea. They also reported fewer mental health complaints like feeling tense. 7 The average age of the study participants was 41, and other than the Sincerity groups instructions to “always mean what you say,” there were no other major distinctions between the groups. The important factor over the five-week period was always telling the truth.Translation8 Arguably, honesty is not the normal state of affairs for most humans. Research from lying expert Robert Feldman suggests that about 60 percent of us have a hard time getting through a ten minute conversation without lying at least twice. Kelly estimates that the average person lies about 11 times a day. Perhaps all of that lying causes a continual level of physical and mental stress that handicaps our immune system.9 Why might it have taken five weeks to see results? Possibly because it takes a while for the average human to retool for honesty. According to Kelly, “Being sincere is a process.” Going from daily lying to a clean slate takes time. It could also be that the health benefits of telling the truth increase slowly.Translation10 Whatever the case, the results are intriguing. Kelly adds her personal story at her blog, saying, “Ever since the fall, I too have been following these instructions. Normally I get 8 hours of sleep and have 5-7 colds in a winter. Now at only 3 hours of sleep, I have never been sick since the fall.”11 If youre skeptical that sincerity and honesty can boost health, the studys methodology is certainly simple enough (though its execution may be anything but simple) to give a try and see what happens. If you do, let us know how it goes.Translation 讲真话促健康讲真话促健康 1 有一个人去看医生。他对医生说：“医生，我想要更健康。”医生回答道：“没问题。从现在起，你要保持诚实。”2 这听起来像一个笑话的开头，但是事实上它简要概括了一项新研究的研究结果。该研究结果表明真挚和诚实是身体健康的关键。3 诺特丹大学心理学教授阿妮塔E凯利主持了这个由邓普顿基金会资助的研究项目“诚实的科学”。在上星期的美国心理学会全体大会上，她介绍了这个项目的最新研究成果，并且在她的今日心理学博客“见解”上谈到了这项研究。参考译文参考译文参考译文参考译文：4 凯利和她的团队找来了72名成年人，随机地把他们分为两组：诚实组和对照组。对照组没有获得任何特别的指示（除了被告知他们接下来要参加一个为期五周的实验，实验主题未知）；诚实组得到的指示如下：5 “在接下来五周的每一天里，你的言语一定要诚实、真实和真诚事无巨细都得实话实说，比如：你为什么迟到。你所说的话必须真实可靠，就如在你的言论会被认真对待的情况下，不是开玩笑或者吹牛。当然，你可以选择不回答问题，但是你所说的一切必须是真实的。”6 在接下来的五周里，两组人员定期去实验室接受测谎试验和身体健康标准测量。到最后一周，凯利发现实验结果“非常令人吃惊”。诚实组报告的身体健康问题明显要比对照组少特别是喉咙疼、头疼、恶心反胃等症状少很多。同时他们也较少有感到紧张等心理问题。7 这项研究的参与者的平均年龄为41岁，除了诚实组被告知“必须要一直说实话”以外，两组参与者没有其他明显的不同之处。影响这个实验的重要因素就是，在五周的时间里诚实组的成员要一直说实话。 8 可以说，诚实并不是大多数人的常态。撒谎研究专家罗伯特费尔德曼的研究表明，大约有60%的人会在一次十分钟的交谈中至少撒谎两次。据凯利估计，一个普通人一天大概会撒谎11次。也许正是因为撒谎所引起的持续的身心压力损害了我们的免疫系统。9 为什么需要五周的时间才可能获得研究结果呢？也许是因为一般人需要经过一段时间才能具备诚实的品质。凯利认为“做到诚实需要一个过程”，从每天撒谎到改过自新需要一定的时间。也有可能说实话给身体健康带来的好处是慢慢呈现出来的。10 无论如何，该研究结果引人注目。在凯利的博客里，她还分享了其个人经历：“从秋天起，我也在遵守这些讲实话的指令。通常，我每天的睡眠时间为8个小时，在冬天会感冒5至7次。现在，我每天只睡3个小时，但从秋天开始没有生过一次病。”11 这项研究的实验方法非常简单（虽然实施过程决非容易），如果你对诚实能够促进健康持怀疑态度，你可以试试，看看会发生什么。如果你照这样做了，请告诉我们结果。Part 1 Part 1 ( 1 2 )( 1 2 ) introduces the topic. Part 2 Part 2 ( 3 9) ( 3 9) introduces the research project and its findings.Part 3 Part 3 (10-11)(10-11)Text OrganizationText Organizationcalls upon people to try the method of telling the truth.1. That may sound like the start of a joke, but its actually a short version of results from a new study suggesting that sincerity and honesty are keys to good health. 1) 画线部分为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰results，该部分可改写为定语从句which suggest that sincerity and honesty are keys to good health。 2) be keys to: be important factors or elements to 是的关键 e.g. Investment and knowledge are keys to a countrys advance.2. The studys author is Anita E. Kelly, a psychology professor at the University of Notre Dame who runs a Templeton Foundation-funded research project called The Science of Honesty. 1) 画线部分为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的 research project。该部分可改写为定语从句which is called The Science of Honesty。 2) a Templeton Foundation-funded research project 包含了复合形容词的一种构词方法：“名词 + v.-ed”，Templeton Foundation作为一个专有名词与过去分词funded用连字符连接，构成一个复合形容词来修饰research project。再如：a state-run factory, heart-feltthanks。3. randomly: ad. 任意地，随便地 e.g. He was drawing something randomly on a piece of paper when waiting for his dish. 【同义词组】at random: 随便地，任意地4. other than: 除以外；不，非，而不是 e.g. Sean was starving, but he found nothing was left in the refrigerator other than a carton of yogurt. There were three passers-by at the scene other than the victim. I want to visit Europe other than America. 【辨析】 except: 除了 besides: 除以外，还 rather than: 而不是5. throughout: prep. during the whole period of 从始至终; in or into every part of 遍及 e.g. They have never had a quarrel throughout their marriage. People were worried as the disease spread throughout the country.6. take sth. seriously: be serious about sth. 认真对待某事 e.g. Dont wander around every day. You should take your duty seriously.7. as opposed to: in contrast to 与截然相反 e.g. Students should be encouraged to express their ideas, asopposed to being spoon-fed.【拓展】oppose to / against: 与相对抗 be opposite to: 在对面；与相反8. Arguably, honesty is not the normal state of affairs formost humans. 1) 该句可以解释为：It is arguable that most people are usually not honest. 2) arguable: a. capable of being supported by argument可论证的，可断言的; capable of being doubted有争议的，有疑义的 e.g. Its arguable that honesty is always the best policy. Its arguable whether it is the best solution.9. get through: 完成；熬过 e.g. Barry got through his homework by midnight. The old poor man didnt get through this winter. 【拓展】 get through to sb.: 接通某人的电话；使某人理解，懂得10. estimate: vt. 估计，估算 e.g. The cost of the project has been estimated at about 10million dollars. 【辨析】 calculate: v. 估计，计算 evaluate: v. 评价，评估11. retool: v. 1. 使自己适应； 做好准备（ 常作retool for） 2. 重组，重新安排；更换，重装 e.g. The company is retooling its sales strategies. re-作为前缀，可加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-主要有以下意思： 表示“回”或“向后”，如return、recall； 表示“再，重新，重复”，如review、restart； 表示“相反，反对”，如reverse、resist。12. Going from daily lying to a clean slate takes time. 该句中a clean slate意为“清白的历史，良好的记录”。（Its an English idiom which means that everything bad or wrong someone has done in the past is forgiven or forgotten, and they can make a new start.) e.g. He looked forward to starting his life again with a clean slate.13. Whatever the case, the results are intriguing. 1) whatever在该句中为连接代词，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么，不管怎样”。whatever还可以用作关系代词，引导名词性从句，意为“任何东西，一切东西”。 e.g. Dont lose your heart whatever difficulties you meet. Ill just say whatever comes into my head. 2) intriguing: a. 激起兴趣的，引发好奇心的 e.g. This kind of toy is quite intriguing to kids.【拓展】 intrigue: vt. 激起兴趣，引发好奇心 vi. 搞阴谋诡计14. skeptical: a. 怀疑的 其常见用法为：be skeptical of / about 对怀疑。 e.g. He is skeptical about her sincerity.16. anything but: 决不，根本不 e.g. I was anything but happy about going. 【辨析】nothing but:只有，仅仅，不过15. execution: n. U 实施，执行 e.g. The plans were finally put into execution. 【拓展】 execute: v. 实施，执行Task 1 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.( F ) 1 Jokes could make people relaxed, so they can boost their health.( F ) 2 The Sincerity group wasnt given any instructions except that they were selected for a study.( F ) 3 There are many significant distinctions between the two groups.( T ) 4 People in the Sincerity group were asked to tell nothing but the truth._ComprehensionComprehension_Task 1 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.( F ) 5 In the end of the study, the Sincerity group reported less physical health problems but more mental problems.( T ) 6 It takes five weeks to see results because it takes time for people to regain the virtue of honesty.( T ) 7 Kelly has also been following the instructions of telling the truth and her health has been improved.( F ) 8 The studys methodology is not simple, so it can only be conducted by scientists.ComprehensionComprehension_RESEARCH REPORTRESEARCH REPORTThe ProcessFind 72 adults and assign them to two groups:The Sincerity groupThe Control groupInstructionsSpeak honestly, truthfully, and sincerely. No specific instructions.Task 2 Complete the following research report according to the text. Write no more than three words on each line. ComprehensionComprehensionFindingsLess physical problems, especially fewer sore throats, headaches and nausea; and fewer mental problems.ReasonsLying causes a continual level of physical and mental stress which may handicap our immune system .SuggestionsTry this methodology and see what will happen._1 sincerity the quality of being truthful and frank2 uninformed lacking knowledge or information3 assign send someone for a task or duty4 obviously in a way that is easy to see5 participant someone who takes part in an activity6 significantly in an important way7 boost contribute to the progress or growth of something8 stress pressure or worry resulting from difficultiesTask 1 Work out the words on the left according to their meanings on the right. _VocabularyVocabulary_Task 2 Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases given below. Change the form if necessary. fundtensedistinctionassignestimategetthroughhandicapanythingbut1 Telling lies will handicap a persons health.2 Roberts research has been funded by several big companies in the IT industry.3 Jenny felt tense in the interview and her mind went blank.4 There are obvious distinctions between country music and folk songs.5 To achieve your goal is anything but daydreaming.6 Michelle was assigned to take charge of the new project.7 The tornado destroyed our house, but somehow we got through unharmed.8 The cost of repairing the car was estimated at over 4,000 dollars._VocabularyVocabulary_Task 3 Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. A)assignmentsB)applyC)opposedD)checkE)academicF)presentG)downloadH)significant Honesty is important for your education. You wont learn how to write if you simply (1) G papers from the Internet. You wont learn French or computer programming if you dont complete the (2) A by yourself. If you dont do the earlier work yourself, you will simply lose the chance to (3) D what you have learned. Even your mistakes can be valuable. Theyll show you and your teachers where you need more help and more practice. Correcting your mistakes is a(n) (4) H part of learning. As (5) C to honest work, if you are caught cheating, youll miss what is most valuable about college: getting a real education. The only way to get that education is to work honestly._VocabularyVocabulary_Task 3 Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. What does it mean to do honest work? When you say you did the work by yourself, you actually did it. When you rely on others work, you cite it. When you (6) F research materials, they should be fair and truthful. Thats true whether the research involves data, documents, or writings of other scholars. Of course, there are plenty of detailed rules about (7) E honesty. They (8) B to everybody in college, students and teachers alike. Follow them and youll do fine._VocabularyVocabulary_Task 1 Combine two short sentences into a long one after the model.Model 1:You must speak honestly, truthfully, and sincerely about the big things. You must speak honestly, truthfully, and sincerely about the small things, such as why you were late. You must speak honestly, truthfully, and sincerely not only about the big things, but also about the small things, such as why you were late.1 The participants were shocked by the sudden change of the super stars attitude. The organizer was shocked by the sudden change of the super stars attitude, too. Not only the participants but also the organizer was shocked by the sudden change of the super stars attitude. _StructureStructureTask 1 Combine two short sentences into a long one after the model.2 She had the chance to express her idea. She gained much support. She not only had the chance to express her idea, but also gained much support.3 We should recognize the importance of honesty. We should practice it in our lives. We should not only recognize the importance of honesty, but also practice it in our lives._StructureStructure_Task 2 Rewrite the following sentences after the model by using “whatever.”Model 2: No matter what the case may be, the results are intriguing. Whatever the case, the results are intriguing. 1 No matter what you say, shell visit that dangerous area anyway. Whatever you say, shell visit that dangerous area anyway.2 Well remain optimistic, no matter what the result may be. Whatever the result, well remain optimistic.3 No matter what difficulties youll face, you should complete the task. Whatever difficulties youll face, you should complete the task._StructureStructure_Task 1 Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English.1 经常锻炼身体可以促进身心健康。(boost) Regular exercise can boost ones physical and mental health.2 事实上，很多参与者并不知道这项活动的详细规则。(uninformed) In fact, many participants are uninformed about the detailed rules of this activity.3 根据指示，志愿者被分成了两支救援队。 (assign) According to the instructions, volunteers were assigned to two rescue teams.4 专家认为需要五年的时间才能显著改善空气质量。 (significantly) Experts believe that it will take five years to improve the air quality significantly._TranslationTranslation_Task 2 Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.1 Research shows that the key to good health is to be sincere and honest. 研究表明，真挚和诚实是身体健康的关键。2 He randomly selected three books from the desk and put them into the bag. 他从书桌上随机选了三本书放进了包里。3 The execution of this plan needs perseverance and patience. 实施这个计划需要有毅力和耐心。4 The old man remembers nothing other than that his son likes eating dumplings. 除了记得他儿子喜欢吃饺子以外，这个老人什么都不记得了。_TranslationTranslation_TextTextComprehensionComprehensionLevel-up ExerciseLevel-up ExerciseThe Real Meaning of HonestyThe Real Meaning of Honesty1 I think it was my mother who taught me the meaning of honesty, not because she actually was honest, but because she lied all the time. She felt that the easiest way out of any given situation was generally the best way out. And, for her, that generally meant telling a “little white lie.” As a young child I thought it was kind of cool. And, naturally, when I would come to her with a concern or question wondering what I should do, she generally advised me to lie.Translation2 “Mom, I told Theresa that I would go over to her house, but now I would rather go to Sues house to play.” “Tell Theresa youre sick,” she would advise. And generally I did. But I didnt seem blessed with her lack of conscience. On many painful occasions Theresa would find out that I really had gone to Sues house without her. These occasions taught me that it is more painful to be caught in a lie than it is to tell the truth in the first place. I wondered how it was possible that my mother had never learned that lesson.Translation3 I started thinking of all the lies that Id heard her tell. I remembered the time she told someone that her favorite restaurant had closed, because she didnt want to see them there anymore. Or the time she told dad that she loved the lawnmower he gave her for her birthday. Or when she claimed that our phone lines had been down when she was trying to explain why she hadnt been in touch with a friend of hers for weeks. And what bothered me even more were all the times she had involved me in her lies. Like the time she told my guidance counselor that I had to miss school for exploratory surgery, when she really needed me to babysit. And it even started to bother me when someone would call for her and she would ask me to tell them that she wasnt there.Translation4 So, I started my own personal fight against her dishonesty. When I answered the phone and it was someone my mother didnt want to talk to, I would say, “Louise, mom is here, but she doesnt want to talk to you.” The first time I did it, she punished me, but I refused to apologize. I told her that I had decided that it was wrong to lie. And the next time it happened I did the same thing. Finally, she approached me and said, “I agree that lying is not the best thing to do, but we need to find a way to be honest without being rude.” She admitted that her methods werent right, and I admitted that mine were a bit too extreme.Translation5 Over the past few years, the two of us have worked together to be honestand yet kind. Honesty should mean more than not lying. It should mean speaking the truth in kindness. Though I started by trying to teach my mom the importance of honesty, I ended up gaining a deeper understanding of the meaning of the term.Translation诚实的真谛诚实的真谛 1 我想，是我妈妈教给了我诚实的含义。这并不是因为她很诚实，恰恰相反，她总是撒谎。她认为一般来说最容易摆脱麻烦的方法就是最好的方法。对她而言，这个最好的方法就是“撒点小谎”。当我还是孩童的时候，我觉得这个方法不错。自然地，当我有问题或者感到焦虑而向她寻求帮助时，她一般都会建议我用撒谎来解决问题。参考译文参考译文参考译文参考译文：2 “妈，我跟特蕾莎说了我会去她家玩，但是现在我想去苏家玩。”“告诉特蕾莎，你病了，”她会这样建议。通常情况下我也会照做。但是妈妈的毫无是非感并没有给我带来任何好运。在很多情况下，特蕾莎都会发现我撇下她独自一人去了苏家，这让我很痛苦。这些教训告诉我，谎言被揭穿比一开始就说真话要痛苦得多。我很奇怪妈妈怎么没有吸取这些教训。参考译文参考译文参考译文参考译文：3 我开始思索妈妈所说过的全部谎言。我记得有一次妈妈告诉别人，她最喜欢的餐馆关门了，仅仅因为她不想在那儿碰见他们。还有一次，她告诉爸爸她很喜欢他送给她的生日礼物一台割草机。还有一次，当妈妈向她的一个朋友解释她为什么几个星期没有和对方联系时，她竟然声称我们家的电话线路坏了。让我更加烦恼的是，她总是把我也牵扯进她的谎言中。记得有一次她需要我在家照看弟妹，就撒谎跟我的辅导员说我需要进行诊断性外科手术，所以不能去上学。更令我心烦的是当她不想接别人找她的电话时，她就要我告诉对方她不在家。参考译文参考译文参考译文参考译文：4 因此，我开始和妈妈的不诚实作斗争。当我正好接到妈妈不想应答的电话时，我就会说：“路易丝，我妈在家，但是她不想接你的电话。”一开始我这样做时，妈妈惩罚了我，但是我拒绝为自己的行为道歉。我告诉她我觉得撒谎是错误的。下一次遇到同样的情况时，我还是这样做。最终，妈妈主动过来跟我说：“我同意撒谎并非上策，但是我们应该找到一个方法，让自己诚实而又不失礼。”她承认了她的方法不对，我也承认了我有点极端。参考译文参考译文参考译文参考译文：5 在过去的几年里，我们两人一起朝着诚实的方向努力诚实且友好。诚实不仅仅意味着不撒谎，还意味着应该以友善的方式讲实话。虽然一开始时我试图告诉妈妈诚实的重要性，但是在走向诚实的过程中我对这个词有了更加深刻的理解。参考译文参考译文参考译文参考译文：1. She felt that the easiest way out of any given situation was generally the best way out. 该句中given为形容词，意为“规定的，特定的，确定的”，因此any given situation意为“某一特定的情形”。 e.g. They are informed to meet at a given time and place.2. And, for her, that generally meant telling a “little white lie.” 1) a white lie: an unimportant lie, especially for being polite善意的谎言 2) 【辨析】mean doing sth.: 意味着做某事 mean to do sth.: 打算、企图做某事 e.g. The new agreement means accepting lower wages. I didnt mean to hurt her.3. . when I would come to her with a concern or question wondering what I should do, she generally advised me to lie. 1) 句中画线部分为现在分词结构作伴随状语。 e.g. She lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 2) 该句中concern为名词， 意为“ 焦虑， 担心， 忧虑”，再如：public concern，primary concern。 【拓展】 concern: v. 使担心 concerned: a. 担心的，忧虑的 3) advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”。 e.g. He advised me to finish the work today.4. I told Theresa that I would go over to her house, but now I would rather go to Sues house to play. 句中画线部分go over to意为“从一处到另一处”，可解释为move from one place to another，其中的to 为介词。 e.g. Please go over to the second desk to the left to check in. 【拓展】 go over: 仔细检查，核对5. But I didnt seem to be blessed with her lack of conscience. 1) be blessed with意为“有幸享有”。该句中seem to be blessed with后接her lack of conscience，前后形成对比，具有讽刺的意味。【拓展】 Bless you! 在英语口语中经常使用，用于向人表示谢意或当别人打喷嚏时表示祝福。 2）lack of: shortage of 缺少 e.g. Due to the lack of rest, he fell asleep when he was driving on the highway. 【拓展】 lack: vt. 缺少，不足6. learn that lesson: learn what to do or not to do from experience 吸取教训 e.g. I learned the lesson from my previous mistakes.7. I remembered the time she told someone that her favorite restaurant had closed, because she didnt want to see them there anymore.该句中画线部分为定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the time，关系代词that或关系副词when被省略了。关系副词when通常是不能省略的，但有一些特殊情况，即用于day、year、time、moment等少数几个词后时可以省略，也可以用that替换。 e.g. Ill never forget the day (that) we met.8. Or when she claimed that our phone lines had been down when she was trying to explain why she hadnt been in touch with a friend of hers for weeks. 该句中claim的意思为“宣称，声称，断言”，claim还有另外两条常用释义：ask for or demand sth. as the rightful owner要求或索要某物; (a disaster, anaccident, etc.) causes the loss or death of sb.（灾难或事故等）使某人失踪或死亡。 e.g. The expert claims that GM food does no harm to health. You can claim on the insurance for damages. Last year car accidents claimed millions of lives throughout the world.【辨析】state: v. 陈述，声明 declare: v. 宣布，声明 proclaim: v.正式宣布，声明 announce: v. 宣布，宣告9. Like the time she told my guidance counselor that I had to miss school for exploratory surgery, when she really needed me to babysit. 1) guidance counselor: a counselor is an educator who works in an elementary, middle or high school to provide academic, career or college readiness and personal or social competencies to all students through a school counseling program 辅导员，辅导老师 2) exploratory surgery: a surgery that is performed solely for diagnostic purposes, without the intent of treating disease 诊断性外科手术10. approach: v. 靠近，接近 e.g. As the New Year was approaching, the whole city was immersed in a festive atmosphere.此外，approach还可以作名词，指“道路；方法，手段”等。 e.g. Which approach should I use to achieve the goal?11. Over the past few years, the two of us have worked together to be honestand yet kind. 在该句中yet为连词，意为“然而，但是”，可解释为but at the same time，再如：Ive been away only for three years, yet I can hardly recognize my hometown。12. gain a deeper understanding of: get insight into, get more knowledge of 更加深入地理解 e.g. After further study, I gained a deeper understanding ofhuman nature. Task Choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements according to the text.1 Why did my mom lie all the time? A. Because she wanted to teach me the real meaning of honesty. B. Because she thought it was the easiest way to deal with things. C. Because she thought lying could help her get what she wanted. D. Because she thought telling a lie was better than telling the truth.ComprehensionComprehension2 Mom lied about the following things EXCEPT _. A. she loved the lawnmower my dad had given her B. the reason why I was absent from school C. the reason why she hadnt been in touch with a friend of hers D. the reason why her favorite restaurant had closed3 Which of the following words cannot be used to describe my feelings toward my moms lies? A. Cool. B. Painful. C. Cheerful. D. Bothersome.ComprehensionComprehension4 The word “term” in Paragraph 5 most probably means _ . A. semester B. period C. item D. word5 According to the author, the real meaning of honesty is _. A. to work together with my mom in the course of being honest B. to fight against dishonesty bravely C. to tell the truth kindly and gently D. to tell the truth, nothing but the truthComprehensionComprehensionTask Please recall the lies you told in the past and the reasons why you lied. LiesLiesReasonsReasonsIm late because I got stuck in a traffic jam.I want to maintain a positive image. Im doing fine in school.I dont want my parents to worry about me. You look great in this dress.I want to have a good relationship with my friends. I love the food you cooked. It is delicious. Im eager to be a polite guest. Level-up ExerciseLevel-up ExerciseApplied Listening and SpeakingApplied Listening and Speaking Task 1Task 11 Task 3Task 33Language Lab7 Task 4Task 44 Task 2Task 22 Task 1 Listen to five short conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard.Word BankWord Banklotteryn.彩票expelv.开除befedupwith对感到厌烦1 A. $50,000. B. $45,000. C. $40,000. D. $15,000.Scripts Task 1 Listen to five short conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard.2 A. She wishes that she had watched the movie. B. She wishes that she could have a rest by lying in bed. C. She wishes that she knew how to spot a liar. D. She wishes that she was as knowledgeable as Dr. Lightman.Scripts Task 1 Listen to five short conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard.3 A. In a bank. B. In a post office. C. In a movie theater. D. In a restaurant.Scripts Task 1 Listen to five short conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard.4 A. He was caught cheating in an exam. B. He was caught playing computer games. C. He was preparing for the final exam. D. He was having a test.Scripts Task 1 Listen to five short conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard.5 A. They are good friends sharing groceries. B. They usually have heart-to-heart talks. C. The man cannot bear that his roommate does not pay for groceries. D. The man is so nice to his roommate that he pays everything for him.Scripts Task 1 Listen to five short conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard.Task 1 Transcript1. M: Let me tell you some good news. My wife and I won a $50,000 lottery prize. W: Are you kidding? Is this the second time you won a lottery prize? I remember you told me you won a lottery prize of $45,000 three years ago. Youre really lucky. Q: How much money did the man win the first time?Task 1 Transcript2. M: Have you watched the American TV series Lie to Me? W: Yes, its appealing. I wish that I could spot a liar by observing ones expression, just like Dr. Lightman. Q: What does the woman wish?Task 1 Transcript3. M: Ten minutes ago, you said the table would be ready in five minutes. W: Im really sorry, sir. We have a long waiting list today. Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?Task 1 Transcript4. M: Ive heard that Tim got caught cheating in the final exam and was expelled. W: Yes, I told him to prepare for the exam, but he was addicted to computer games. Q: What happened to Tim?Task 1 Transcript5. M: Im really fed up with my roommate. Were supposed to share the groceries, but I end up feeding him three meals a day. W: Well, honesty is the best policy. Maybe you can have a heart-to-heart, friend-to-friend talk with him. Q: How are things going between the man and his roommate? Task 2 Listen to two long conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard. Word BankWord Bankimaginary a. 虚构的，想象的desperatea. 极其想要的well-qualifieda. 完全能胜任的obstaclen. 障碍，阻碍highlightv. 强调，突出expertisen. 专门知识，专长 Conversation One 1 A. The reason why there are less liars in China than in America. B. The reason why kids lie to their parents. C. Parents lying to their kids and the reason for it. D. The most popular lies that American and Chinese parents tell their kids.2 A. Santa would bring her gifts for Christmas. B. Santa would not bring her gifts for Christmas. C. A wolf would come and eat her. D. A wolf would come and take her away.3 A. To avoid buying any gifts for their kids. B. To make their kids tough enough to face the difficulties in life. C. To make their kids behave themselves. D. To have some fun with their kids.Scripts Task 2 Listen to two long conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard. Conversation Two 4 A. Friends. B. Colleagues. C. Employee and employer. D. Interviewee and interviewer. 5 A. Consider how to earn a degree. B. Lie about their educational background on rsums. C. Find another job that doesnt require a degree. D. Show off their networking skills.6 A. A social network used to connect with your friends. B. A special rsum for the purpose of networking with colleagues. C. A professional website displaying your expertise. D. A social blog recording your feelings for job-hunting.Scripts Task 2 Listen to two long conversations and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard. Task 2 TranscriptConversationOneW: Hey, Mike. Look, a study here states that parents often lie to their kids. It says 84% of parents in the US and 98% of parents in China lie to their kids.M: Thats terrible. Parents should be role models for their kids. How could they teach kids honesty if they lie to them?W: Thats true. But I quite understand the parents. I remember that when I was young, every time I cried loudly or shouted, my mom would warn me that a wolf would come and take me away. Thats terrifying. But it worked for me.M: Funny. It reminds me of a lie my parents told. They always said if I didnt behave, Santa wouldnt bring me any gifts for Christmas.W: Yes, it is also said in this study that American parents lie more about imaginary characters such as the tooth fairy and Santa Claus than Chinese parents do.M: It seems most of the lies that parents tell their kids are to make them act in an acceptable way. Do you think youll lie to your kids when you become a parent?W: Thats a tough question. I think if my kids dont behave, Ill probably lie.Task 2 TranscriptConversationTwoW: Good morning, Professor Davis. As a former hiring manager, could you please give some advice to the students on how to write rsums?M: Well, please keep in mind the most important principle, being honest.W: Could you explain it in detail?M: I know students are desperate to get a job, so its tempting to stretch the truth a little on the rsum. Lying on your rsum, for example, about your degree or work experience, can come back and bite you.W: What if every job I want requires a college degree, while I dont have one? Is it possible that Ill land a job?M: If your skills are in demand and you are well-qualified, you may be able to overcome certain obstacles. And instead of exaggerating your educational background, consider how you can actually earn a degree.W: What about lack of work experience?M: You can consider creating a blog related to your industry, or a social rsum. That is a professional website highlighting your expertise. The more you are known to people, the less likely youll feel the need to lie to get noticed. And its very possible that jobs will start coming to you.W: Thats quite helpful. Thanks very much, Professor Davis. Task 3 Listen to a passage and choose the best answer to each question you have just heard. 1 A. Because lying is simple. B. Because lying is convenient. C. Because lying is normal. D. Because lying is challenging.2 A. A gas bill. B. A bottle of beer. C. A note. D. A doorbell.3 A. Because the gas company admitted their mistake and apologized. B. Because the gas company overcharged me. C. Because I was informed to pay for my gas bill. D. Because my gas bill was higher than what I usually paid.Task 3 TranscriptFor the sake of convenience, we usually think that lying is simple andnormal.Welieonsomanyoccasionsthatweforgetthetruemeaningofbeinghonest.Actually,oneofthemostchallengingtasksthatwilltestourcharacterisintheareaofhonestyandintegrity.Afewyearsago,Ireceivedmygasbillforthemonth.ItwasunusualandhigherthanwhatIusuallypaid.Iignoredthatandpaidtheamountstatedinthebill.Afewdayslater,Ifoundanoteinfrontofmydoorstep.Itcamefromthegas company, informing me that there was a mistake in the bill. They hadoverchargedme.Theextraamountwascarriedovertothenextmonthsbill.Iwassosurprisedbecausethecompanyadmittedthemistakeandapologized.Thatmadememoreconfidentwiththatcompany,andtheygainedmyrespect.Thatshonestyandintegrityinreallife.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.Whydopeoplealwayschoosetolie?2.WhatdidIfindinfrontofmydoorstep?3.WhywasIsosurprised? Task 4 Work in pairs to make a conversation according to the situation given below, using the useful expressions given in the box if necessary.Situation: Suppose you are the daughter in the Further Reading text. Theresa found out that you lied to her and you felt terrible for lying. Now you want to apologize to her and hope that she would forgive you.SampleSample Useful Expressions Sample DialogueSample DialogueAnn:(chasingTheresa)Wait,Theresa!Couldyoupleasegivemeachancetoapologizetoyou?Theresa:(stoppedandturnedaround)Whatdoyouwanttosay?Thisisnotthefirsttimethatyouliedtome.Ann:Iknow,youaremadatme.AndImterriblysorrythatIhurtyourfeeling.Theresa:Yes.IthoughtyouaremyBFF.Wealwayshangoutandsharehappinessandsorrowtogether.Butyouvebeencheatingme.Ann:Imsorry,Theresa.Imadeahugemistakebylyingtoyou.Ifeelawful.Youdontevenhavetoforgiveme.Pleasejustletmeapologize.Theresa:Ok,Illgiveyouoneminute.Couldyouexplainwhyyouliedtome?Ann:Imsorry.IhavenoideawhatIwasthinkingabout.Iwasbeingselfishandstupid.Ishouldbeopentoyouandaskyoutogowithme.Theresa:Youknow,ifyouvetoldmethetruth,IwouldliketohangaroundwithyouandSue.Ann:Yes,whatIdidwaswrong.Friendsmustbesinceretoeachother.Ihopeyoucanfinditinyourhearttoforgivemeforthis.IpromiseIllneverlietoyouagain.Theresa:Ann,youvebeenmybestfriendandIhopewecanbelifelongfriends.SoIforgiveyou.Letscherishourfriendshipforever.More for ReferenceMore for ReferenceBFF(bestfriendforever),soulpal,deceive,sincere,cherishlietosb.,hurtonesfeeling,beopentosb.,cooloff,hangout/around1.Friendshipnevereversinks.2.IamtotallyandcompletelysorryforwhatIdidtoyou.3.Ididntwanttoloseyouasafriend.4.Itjuststartedoutasalittlewhitelie.5.IjustwishIcouldtakeeverythingbackandtrymybesttomakeituptoyou.时间顺序法（时间顺序法（Chronological Order） 时间顺序法（Chronological Order）是描写细节时经常使用的一种写作方法。这种方法通常用来叙述一个故事、说明一件事情发生的经过或做某件事情的步骤等。使用时间顺序法写作时，首先要明确写作目的，提炼出能够体现主旨的主题句，然后按照时间顺序描述事件或陈述其步骤。 在写作过程中，通常会用到表示时间顺序的词或词组来进行前后衔接，如next、then、later、while、a few hours later、to begin with、previous to、by noon、as soon as、before sunrise。 例如，在下面的段落中，作者以时间顺序讲述了儿时度过平安夜时的情景。第一句为该段的主题句，概括说明要讲述的事件；接下来按时间顺序介绍一家人做了哪些具体的事情来庆祝那个特别的夜晚。Task 1 Suppose youre a tour guide and have to design an itinerary for a one-day tour around Beijing. Now describe the following pictures.Stop 1 Tiananmen Square Stop 2 Forbidden City Stop 3 Beijing Roast Duck Stop 4 Summer Palace Stop 5 Beijing Opera_Task 2 Write a paragraph to introduce the one-day tour to your tourists in chronological order. You should write at least 60 words but no more than 90 words. Welcome to the one-day tour around Beijing. Our one-day tour will start from Tiananmen Square. As the site of several key events in Chinese history, it is a cultural symbol of China. Then well move on to our second stopthe Forbidden City, the largest and best-preserved ancient imperial palaces complex in the world. After a two-hour tour around the Forbidden City, we will go to have a taste of the famous Chinese cuisineBeijing Roast Duck. In the afternoon,well drive to the Summer Palace, which is regarded as a museum of gardens in China. At last, well enjoy a show of Beijing Opera as the end of our one-day tour around Beijing._分分 词词 分词（Participle）是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。分词可以接宾语和状语构成分词短语。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。两者的主要区别在于现在分词表示“主动、进行”，过去分词表示“被动、完成”。 其中，现在分词有以下形式：分词的用法：分词的用法： 分词或分词短语在句中可作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。 主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般时一般时doingbeing done完成时完成时having donehaving been done1 作定语作定语 作定语时，如果只是单个分词，一般置于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的名词即该分词或分词短语的逻辑主语。现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或同时发生。例如： His new book is full of challenging ideas. The frightened horse ran away from the fire. Who are those people waiting outside? The painting stolen from the museum has been found.2 作表语作表语 现在分词通常表示主语的性质，且主语多为物；过去分词通常表示主语的感受或状态，且主语多为人。例如： This idea was so exciting. What youve told me is very surprising. We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. I am interested in collecting stamps. 注意：过去分词作表语与被动语态很相似，不同的是过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作。例如： The small village is surrounded by trees. (状态) The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers. (动作)3 作状语作状语 分词在句子中作状语时可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等，相当于一个状语从句。使用何种分词取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。例如： His wife died in 1942, leaving him with five children. Not understanding his language, she had to ask one of her friends for help. Satisfied with his performance, the teacher praised him in class. The professor, followed by his assistant, walked out of the hall.4 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 分词可给感官动词或词组see、watch、hear、observe、notice、feel、find、glimpse、glance、listen to、look at等或者使役动词have、keep、get、make、leave、find、let、help 等后面的宾语作宾语补足语。例如： The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead. Could you help me to have the package weighed, please?Task 1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1 Ive never heard the word B in spoken English. A. use B. used C. using D. to use 2 D a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved 3 Here are some new computer programs C for house buildings. A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design 4 B in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the world. A. Founding B. Founded C. It was founded D. To be founded_Task 1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 5 The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _C_ . A. understanding B. understand C. understood D. to understand 6 On hearing the A news, I was too _ to sleep. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 7 The child sat in the dentists chair, _B_ . A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. be trembled 8 The _C_ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy. A. following; following B. followed; followed C. following; followed D. followed; following _Task 2 Complete the following sentences with the proper form of the words given in brackets.1 The missing boys were last seen playing (play) near the river.2 Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.3 He worked so hard that he got his pay raised (raise).4 Seeing (see) the house on fire, he dialed 119.5 Deeply moved (move), I thanked her again and again.6 He reads newspapers every day to keep himself informed (inform) about whats going on in the world.7 Having been told (tell) many times, he still couldnt understand it.8 The ground is covered with fallen (fall) leaves._ Work in groups to plan an on-campus event to promote the virtue of honesty. Each member in the group should play a particular role in conducting the project. Complete the following proposal and then give a report on the proposal accordingly.Your report should: tell how the event is organized; explain the reasons for choosing those main activities and explain the expenses; present the expected results.Honesty in the Workplace Workplacehonestyplaysanimportantroleintheprofessionalsuccessofapersonor a company. A company that is run in a dishonest way might get short-termsuccess,whichisoftenthereasonforbeingdishonest,butthispracticeoftenleadstoproblemslater,likethedownfallofthecompany.TrustTrustbetweenco-workersandbetweenacompanyanditscustomersisimportantfor creating a healthy businessenvironment. People who are honest withothersdeveloptrust,andtheyareworthyofthattrust.Dishonestydiscoveredbyothersmay cause more troubles, because people will then question other things thedishonestpersonhassaidordone.Personal Integrity Doingbusinessinadishonestmanner(evenifithasneverbeendiscoveredbyothers)willleadtoalossofpersonalintegrity.Peoplewhoaredishonestknowthattheyaredishonestevenifnobodyelsedoes,andthiswillaffecttheirself-image.Itmightnotbeeasytobehonestallthetime,particularlywhenyouhavemadeamistake,butdealingwithsituationshonestlyratherthantryingtocoverthemuphelpsyoutokeepanimageofyourselfasanhonestperson.Success Professionalsuccessfromhonestworkismuchmoresecurethansuccessthathascomeaboutinanunethicalway.Peoplewhohaveusedillegalmethodstogettheirsuccessmayliveinfearthattheywillbediscovered,resultinginlosingtrust from others and the possibility of being punished. Someone that isdiscoveredtobedishonestwillhavedifficultyrebuildingtheirsuccess,evenifthey have changed their way, because other people will be hesitant to dobusinesswiththemandbeunwillingtotrustthem.1 What would happen if a person or a business is dishonest in the workplace? A person or a business may get short-term success, but eventually the practice of dishonesty may lead to problems, like the downfall of a company, the loss of personal integrity, the loss of trust from others, and so on so forth.2 Besides honesty, are there any other virtues that are important in theworkplace? Besides honesty, there are accountability, positive attitudes, motivation and work ethics that are also valuable virtues in the workplace._EndThank you!1182021/3/25