FivefamouskilnsinSongDynastyblueandwhiteporcelainGroup5LihaoChinese ceramics of the Song Dynasty constitute theforemostexpressionofceramicart.DuringtheSongperiod,aunity of the essential components fundamental to the art:vessel shape, potting techniques, glaze, decoration, firingprocesses,andaesthetictheorywereallcombinedinahighstandardofexcellence.whichledtoavarietyofclassicwares,usually associated with a specific region of China. Theseincludedthecourt-patronizedfivefamouskilns:Ru(汝),Guan(官),Ge(哥),Jun(钧),Ding(定)wares;Charm of song porcelainDing kilnItspasteiswhite,generallycoveredwithanalmosttransparentglazethatdrippedandcollectedin“tears“(蜡泪痕).Duetothewaythedisheswerestackedinthekiln,theedgedremainedunglazed,andhadtoberimmedinmetalsuchasgoldorsilverwhenusedastableware.Ding ware was produced in Ding Xian, Hebei Province. when theSong emperors came to power in 940,Dingware was the finestporcelainproducedinnorthernChinaatthetime,andwasthefirsttoenterthepalaceforofficialimperialuse.Ru kilnRu wares range in colorfromnearlywhite to a deep robins eggand oftenarecoveredwithreddish-browncrackles.Thecracklesarecausedwhentheglazecoolsandcontractsfasterthanthebody,thus having to stretch and ultimately tosplit.Song dynasty was the first period thatviewed crazing as a merit rather than adefect.玛瑙为釉古相传,雨过天晴云破处Ru warewasproducedinRuzhouHenanprovinceforimperialuseandisthemostfamouswareinthefivekilns.名瓷之首，汝瓷为魁北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗2012年年 香港拍卖会，香港拍卖会，北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗拍卖北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗拍卖2 2亿港元，刷新宋瓷世界拍卖纪录亿港元，刷新宋瓷世界拍卖纪录Jun kiln CharacterizedbyathickerbodythanDingorRuware,Juniscoveredwithaturquoiseandpurpleglaze,sothickandviscouslookingthatitalmostseemstobemeltingoffitssubstantialgolden-brownbody. Notonly are Jun vessels more thickly potted, their shape is much morerobustthanthefineJunpieces.世上朱砂非所拟，西方宝石致难同。世上朱砂非所拟，西方宝石致难同。乾隆乾隆JunwarewasathirdstyleofporcelainusedattheNorthernSongcourtandwasproducedinYuzhouHenanprovinceGuan kilnIt was during this period that wallsbecomesothinandglazesothickthatthelattersupersededtheformerinbreadth.AstheclayinthefoothillsaroundLinanwasabrownishcolorandtheglazesoviscus. Guanware,literallymeansofficialware;socertainRu,Jun,andevenDingcouldbeconsideredGuaninthebroadsenseofbeingproducedforthecourt.Strictlyspeaking,however,thetermonlyappliestothatproducedbyanofficialimperiallyrunkiln,whichdidnotstartuntiltheSouthernSongfledtheadvancingJinandsettledatLinan.Ge kilnGewareliterallymeansbig-brotherware,becauselegendhasitthatoftwo brothers working in Longquan, one made the typicalceladonstyleceramics,buttheeldermadeGeware,producedinhisprivatekiln.Gewarebasicallycomprisetwotypesonewithawarmrice-yellowglaze and two sets of crackles, a more prominent set of darker colorinterspersedwithafinersetofreddishlines(金丝铁线).TheotherGewareismuchlikeGuanware,withgrayishglazeandonesetofcrackles.青花瓷青花瓷传世的美丽传世的美丽blueandwhiteporcelainItisbelievedthatunderglazeblueandwhiteporcelainwasfirstmadeintheTangDynasty.blue and white wares are glazed using a transparentporcelainglaze.Thebluedecorationispaintedontothebodyoftheporcelainbefore glazing, using very finely groundcobalt oxidemixed withwater.珍珠白沁就烟雨 孔雀蓝映著月光 莹透的素颜 朦胧了琴弦上一缕檀香blueandwhiteporcelainwiththeadventoftheMingDynastyin1368,blueandwhitewarewasshunnedforatimebytheCourt,especiallyundertheHongwuandYongleEmperors.BlueandwhiteporcelainhowevercamebacktoprominencewiththeXuandeEmperor,andagaindevelopedfromthattimeon.(青花首推宣德)Blue and white porcelain started to be flourishing in the Yuandynastybecausethecourtliketheplainbluecolorandanplentyofcobaltmaterials.blueandwhiteporcelainBlueandwhiteporcelainhowevercamebacktoprominencewiththeXuandeEmperor,andagaindevelopedfromthattimeon.blueandwhiteporcelainwiththeadventoftheMingDynastyin1368,blueandwhitewarewasshunnedforatimebytheCourt,especiallyundertheHongwuandYongleEmperors.BlueandwhiteporcelainmadeatJingdezhenprobablyreachedtheheight of its technical excellence during the reign of theKangxiemperoroftheQingDynastyblueandwhiteporcelain青花瓷青花瓷现代美现代美青花瓷青花瓷瓷美人瓷美人Thankyouforyourpatience