宾语从句：宾语可由名词，代词或名词短语或句子来充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子称为宾语从句。Grammar宾语从句要注意三个方面：1.引导词：2.语序： 原句如果是陈述句，变为宾语从句时要用原句如果是陈述句，变为宾语从句时要用原句如果是陈述句，变为宾语从句时要用原句如果是陈述句，变为宾语从句时要用that that 引导，而引导，而引导，而引导，而thatthat无意义，仅起连接作用。在口语无意义，仅起连接作用。在口语无意义，仅起连接作用。在口语无意义，仅起连接作用。在口语 和非正式文体中常可省略和非正式文体中常可省略和非正式文体中常可省略和非正式文体中常可省略 that.that.e.g.Ithink(that)youcandoit. 一定要使用一定要使用陈述陈述语序。语序。 e.g.Heknowswhatheshoulddonext.3.时态： 主句主句一般现在时一般现在时，从句据句意用，从句据句意用各种时态各种时态。 主句主句一般过去时一般过去时，从句只能用，从句只能用相应的过去时态相应的过去时态。 如宾语从句所陈述的内容是如宾语从句所陈述的内容是客观真理客观真理，客观事实，客观事实， 自然现象或定理等，则用自然现象或定理等，则用一般现在时一般现在时。e.g. Everyone thinks (that)Milke will win the game. I thought (that )he watched the match. The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 注：注：宾语从句表示宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问不肯定或疑问时，由时，由 whetherwhether或或ifif引导，表引导，表“是否，是是否，是 不是，能否不是，能否”等。不充当任何句子成等。不充当任何句子成 分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。 whetherwhether与与ifif引导宾语从句时，一般可通用，引导宾语从句时，一般可通用， 但在下列但在下列5 5种情况下，种情况下，whetherwhether不可换用不可换用ifif： 1.whether引导的从句居于句首。引导的从句居于句首。2.从句位于介词后作介词宾语。从句位于介词后作介词宾语。3.whether在不定式前，与不定式组成词组。在不定式前，与不定式组成词组。4.主句的位于动词是主句的位于动词是discuss等动词。等动词。They are talking about whether he will come here.I dont know whether to stay or go.They are discussing whether they should sell the old house.Whether he agrees with me or not,I dont know.宾语从句的分类：宾语从句的分类：1.作动词的宾语：作动词的宾语：2.作介词的宾语：作介词的宾语：3.作形容词的宾语：作形容词的宾语：Everyone knows that he is a good student.This depends on how hard you work.They are afraid that they are wrong. say,think,believe,hope,know,understand,supposesay,think,believe,hope,know,understand,suppose等等 描写感情的形容词后，如描写感情的形容词后，如afraid, sure, afraid, sure, sorry,gladsorry,glad等等5.从句中有从句中有or not时。时。I dont know whether or not it rains. e.g. e.g. 他认为他需要拍个他认为他需要拍个他认为他需要拍个他认为他需要拍个XX片。片。片。片。 e.g. e.g. 我知道我能修理这部车。我知道我能修理这部车。我知道我能修理这部车。我知道我能修理这部车。 e.g. e.g. 他们认为他们会有更多的钱。他们认为他们会有更多的钱。他们认为他们会有更多的钱。他们认为他们会有更多的钱。 e.g. e.g. 她说她冷她说她冷她说她冷她说她冷 She says that she is cold.She says that she is cold.He thinks that he needs an X-ray.He thinks that he needs an X-ray. I know that I can repair this car.I know that I can repair this car. They believe that they will have more They believe that they will have more money.money.e.g.我觉得你需要拍个我觉得你需要拍个X片。片。 e.g.听到你生病了我很难过。听到你生病了我很难过。 e.g.你为我所做的一切我很满意。你为我所做的一切我很满意。 I am sure that you need an X-ray.I am sorry that you are ill.Im very plesed with what you are doing.使用宾语从句要注意的使用宾语从句要注意的3个问题：个问题：1.1.形式宾语形式宾语itit：如宾语从句后有补语，要用形：如宾语从句后有补语，要用形 式宾语式宾语itit来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。 e.g. He has made it clear that the meeting will not be hold.2. 2. 宾语从句否定意义的转移：在宾语从句否定意义的转移：在thinkthink、believebelieve、supposesuppose、exceptexcept等后的宾语中，如从句谓语是等后的宾语中，如从句谓语是否定的，一般将否定的，一般将notnot移至主句谓语，而将从句宾语变移至主句谓语，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。即：为肯定形式。即：否定前移否定前移。 e.g. e.g. 我想他没时间玩足球。我想他没时间玩足球。I think that he doesnt have time to play football.I dont think that he has time to play football. 3.3.反意疑问句反意疑问句：宾语从句的主句是主语：宾语从句的主句是主语+think+think ( (except,suppose,believe,imagineexcept,suppose,believe,imagine) )时，时， 附加疑问句部分要根据主句的主语而定：当主语附加疑问句部分要根据主句的主语而定：当主语 是第一人称时，要根据从句而定；主语是第二、是第一人称时，要根据从句而定；主语是第二、 三人称时，与主句保持一致，并且要注意否定前移。三人称时，与主句保持一致，并且要注意否定前移。e.g. I dont think he is serious,_? You believe she is a good teacher, _?is hedont you 巧学宾语从句口诀：巧学宾语从句口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、引导词。宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、引导词。主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致。主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致。宾从表达是真理，一般现在就可以。宾从表达是真理，一般现在就可以。引导词也不难，陈述可用引导词也不难，陈述可用thatthat连。连。一般问句表一般问句表“是否是否”，ifif、whetherwhether来引导。来引导。特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行。特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行。还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。PracticeA Rewrite these sentences.Heisdrinkinghismilk.He says that he is drinking his milk.A1Shesaysthatshehasfoundherpen.2Theysaythattheymustremainhere.3Hesaysthatheremembersyou.4ShesaysthatshedoesntspeakEnglish.5Theysaythattheyarewashingthedishes.BAnswerthesequestions.Whats the matter with him?(feel/tired)He says that he feels tired.What do they want?(some/money)They say that they want some money.B1Hesaysthathefeelsill.2Shesaysthatshehasgotaheadache.3Hesaysthathewantsahaircut.4Theysaythattheyarethirsty.5Theysaythattheyhaveatoothache.6Shesaysthatsheneedsalicence.7HesaysthathewantsanX-ray.8Shesaysthatsheiscold.9Hesaysthathehasgotacold.10Hesaysthathehasanearache.ConsolidationLetshaveatest.类型一：引导词的运用1Idontknow_ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome2Thisdependson_theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that3Theteacheraskedthenewstudent_classhewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.thatABBA4Idontknow_Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.HellhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where5Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_Isaid?David?Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if6Doyouknow_Mr.Blacksaddressis?HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridge Street.Imnotsureof_.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,whereBBAC7Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydontknow_.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose类型二：宾语从句的语序陈述句语序1Didyoufindout_?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingforBD2Areyouinterestedin_?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit3Idontknow_.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare4Whatdidthescientistsay?Hesaidhewonderedif_intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldheflyCDB5Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme_?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere6Ihearwellhaveanewteacherthisterm.Really?Doyouknow_?A.whatsubjectdoesheteachB.Whatsubjectwillheteach?C.whatsubjectishegoingtoteachD.whatsubjectheteachesCD类型三：时态1Its7:30.Icantbelieveyou_cookingdinneryet,Sally.A.haventstartedB.didntC.dontstartD.hadntstarted2TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25th_ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe3Theteachersaidthattheearth_roundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgoAAA4Wedliketotellyouthatyou_theexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass5“Couldyoutellme_?”“Yes.They_tothelibrary.”A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD.wherethetwinswere,havegone6Ourfathersaidthathe_anewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buysACC7Ihearthathe_toBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone类型四：其他-反意疑问句，it做形式宾语1Idontthinkheisright,_?AisntheBisheCdoIDdontI2Hebelievessheisright,_?AdoesntheBdoesheCissheDisntshe3Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,_?AdidntheBdidheCdidIDdidntICBAA4Ifind_importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what5Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedAB