Lesson-1-Super-Lesson-1-Super-Athletes(1)Athletes(1)Whatchampionathletescanyouname?BaiXuewonChinasfirstworldgoldfromwomensMarathononAug.23,2009. Shewonthegoldmedalwithatimeof2hours25minutesand15seconds.RogerFederer(born1981)isaSwissprofessionaltennisplayerwhoheldthenumberonepositionforarecord237consecutiveweeksand285totalweeks.On18October2010,heisrankedWorldNo.2bytheAssociationofTennisProfessionals(ATP).LiuXiang,110metrehurdlerHis2004OlympicgoldmedalwasthefirstinamenstrackandfieldeventforChinaoranyAsiancountry.Li NaZheng JieYan ZiChinesetennisplayersMichaelFredPhelps(born1985),anAmericanswimmer,holdstherecordforthemostgoldmedalswoninasingleOlympics.UsainBolt100mrecordtimeof9.69satthe2008BeijingSummerOlympicsDoyouknowhim?UsainBolt(born1986),isaJamaicansprinterandathree-timeOlympicgoldmedalist.Atthe2008SummerOlympics,BoltbecamethefirstmantowinthreesprintingeventsatasingleOlympicssinceCarlLewisin1984,andthefirstmantosetworldrecordsinallthreeatasingleOlympics.In2009hebecamethefirstmantoholdthe100and200mworldandOlympictitlesatthesametime.Boltstrikinghissignature“lightningbolt”pose Sofar,thebestsprinteronEarthran100metrein9.58s.Canhumandothe100metresdashin8secondsorevenless?Whyorwhynot?Thepresentandfutureofthesportingworldisbeingseriouslyandnegativelyaffectedbydopingandgene-therapy.Readthetextquickly.Whatisthegeneralidea?Readthetextagainandanswerthequestions.1.WhywouldathletestodayhavebrokenrecordsiftheydtakenpartinthefirstOlympicGames?2.Whatreasonsaregivenforimprovedperformance?3.3.Whatisdopingandwhyisitillegal?AthletesarestrongerandfastertodaythantheywereduringthetimeofthefirstOlympicGames.Betterequipment,traininganddiet.Dopingisusingperformance-enhancingdrugsanditisillegalbecauseitischeating.4.Howdiddrugsaffectworldrecordsinthe1980s?5.Whyaredrugtestsatsportingeventsoftenonestepbehind?BenJohnsonwascaughttakingdrugswhenhebrokethe100mworldrecordin1988andnooneknowsifFlorenceGriffithwastakingdrugswhenshesetthewomens100mrecordthesameyear.Drugtestsareonlydevelopedafterthenewdrugsarebeingused.Thismeansthatthereisatimeperiodwhenpeopleareusingthenewdrugsandnooneknowsaboutthem.6.Whatwouldtheeffectofgene-therapybeonsport?7.WhatistheOlympicspirit?Itwouldcreatesuperathleteswhocoulddothe100minjust8secondsforexample,andnoonewouldknowiftheydhadgene-therapyornot.Thiswouldspoilthespiritofsport.Thespiritofcompetitionthatemphasizestakingpartratherthanwinning.Findthewordsorphrasesinthereading.causingalotofangrypublicdiscussionanddisagreementhighestinrankorpositiontrytogetorreach;lookfor usewronglyorimproperlyorexcessively putupwithsomethingorsomebodyunpleasantcontroversialsupremeseekabusetolerateannualopposeinvainatrandomlamehappeningordoneonceeveryyearbeagainst;expressoppositiontowithoutsuccessdisabledinthefeetorlegs;weakanddifficulttobelieve withoutthinkingordecidinginadvanceLanguage points1.Sincethen,recordshavefallenintrackandfieldyearandyearasathleticperformanceshavecontinuallyimproved.as在这里是连词，在这里是连词，“因为，由于因为，由于”的意思。的意思。as、because、since都可表示因果关系都可表示因果关系，连连接原因接原因状语从句状语从句，但但because表示的语气最表示的语气最强；强；as的语气较弱，较口语化；的语气较弱，较口语化；since常常常常在书面中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加在书面中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加析便得知的原因，有时可译作析便得知的原因，有时可译作既然既然。Hewillsucceedbecauseheworkshard.Sinceyouaresosureofit,hellbelieveyou.Asrainhasfallen,theairiscooler. as作连词还可以引导时间状语从句、让步状语作连词还可以引导时间状语从句、让步状语从句从句Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.Strangeasitmayseem,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.improve在这里是不及物动词，意思是在这里是不及物动词，意思是“改改善善,变得更好变得更好”。Theirworkingconditionsareimproving.IhopetheweatherwillimprovebeforeFriday.improve还可作还可作及物动词，及物动词，意为意为“改进，改进，改改善；善；增进增进”IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.Heputforwardaplanforimprovingtherateofproduction.2.Ifrecordsfall,itisusuallydue tobetterequipment,traininganddiet.dueto因为，由于因为，由于 Thefailureoftheprojectwasduetobadmanagement.Duetorain,thegamewaspostponed.Accidentsduetodrivingathighspeedwereverycommonthatweekend.thanksto表示原因一般出于感谢表示原因一般出于感谢,dueto表表示一般的原因。示一般的原因。 3.Whenwetalkaboutbreakingrecords,wecome acrosstheissueofperformance-enhancingdrugs.comeacross碰到；碰到； 遇到；无意中发现遇到；无意中发现Icameacrossanoldfriendthismorning. AtthelibraryIcameacrosstheoldreferencebook.performance-enhancing是复合形容词是复合形容词,由由n.+v.-ing构成。类似的形容词有：构成。类似的形容词有：peace-loving man-eating epoch-making 4.Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.toleratevt.容忍，忍受容忍，忍受 Icannottolerateyourbadmanners. Sherefusedtotoleratebeingcalledaliar.tolerate指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句）气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句）stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定句中）句中）bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力（常用于否定句中）任的承受力（常用于否定句中）putupwith与与tolerate意义相近，有意义相近，有“不计较，不计较，将就将就”之意，多用于口语。之意，多用于口语。Thisworkwillhardlystandcloseexamination.Icantbearhavingacatinthehouse.Wehavetoput up withherbadtemper.Well,itcannotbehelped.Welljusthadtoput up withit.5.ifhehadnotbeencaughttakingdrugsinthe1988Olympics.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_andletheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing catchsb.doingsth.碰上碰上(撞上撞上)某人做某事某人做某事Thefarmercaughtamanstealinghisapples.=Amanwascaughtstealingapples.类似的动词有：类似的动词有：find,discover,notice,hear,observe,watch等。等。 D6.wouldshehavemade ittotheOlympicsatall?makeit成功，设法做成成功，设法做成Thetraingoesat10.15.Ithinkweshallmakeit.Hesneverreallymadeitasanactor.Ithoughthewouldbetoooldtogettothetopofthemountain,buthemadeitatlast.7.whereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsseekvt.寻找寻找Youshouldseekadvicefromyourlawyeronthismatter.Wearealwaysseekingtoimproveproductivity.seekafter追求，寻求，探究追求，寻求，探究seek.from从从.寻寻求求seek一般用于抽象意义，有时也表示渴望得一般用于抽象意义，有时也表示渴望得到某一具体的东西，是比较正式的书面用法。到某一具体的东西，是比较正式的书面用法。search通常指对某处、某地进行搜查或搜索通常指对某处、某地进行搜查或搜索对人时为对人时为“搜身搜身”。常接。常接for构成短语构成短语searchfor。ThepolicesearchedhimbutnothingwasfoundonhimTheyaresearchingforthemissingchildlookfor强调找的过程，强调找的过程，find强调找到这个结强调找到这个结果，果，discover指发现本来就存在的客观事物。指发现本来就存在的客观事物。8.FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.blamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjury是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中hehadbeentakingforaninjury是定语从句修是定语从句修饰饰medicine。lameadj.跛足的，无说服力的跛足的，无说服力的Heislameinonelegandwalkswiththehelpofacrutch.Hegavealameexcuseforbeingabsent.9.andmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.opposevt.反对，以反对，以.对抗，抗争对抗，抗争1).oppose+名词名词/代词代词Illnotopposeyou.Wellopposeforcewithforce.2).oppose+动名词动名词Weopposecopyingeverythingforeign.Thehusbandstronglyopposedhiswifesgoingtherealone.3).opposeoneself/sth.toIopposemyselftothetrainingplan.Thesoldieropposedhisarmtotheblowoftheenemysoldier.Opposeyourwillagainst/tomine.4).beopposedtoImmuchopposedtoyourgoingabroad.Hehadbeenviolentlyopposedtothisplanatfirst.结束结束