Discovering useful words and expressions.Ex.11.differ2.cast3.accumulate4.exact5.altogether6.objections7.undertake8.moralEx.21.Comparedwithherfamily,andespeciallyhernephew,hernieceDaisyisstraightforwardaboutheropinions.2.Thearbitrarydecisionsofthefactoryleaderscausedangeramongtheworkers.3.IstheoperahouseinthecommercialareaofBeijing?4.TheproducerofthemediaprogrammemadeanobjectiontoJenniferjoininginthechorus.5.Beforeyoucanmakealoaf,youneedtoobtainsomeflour.6.YouowetheLadyanapology.Iwillforbidyoutoleaveunlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.Ex.31.attain2.complicated3.fate4.carrier5.cast6.reform7.accumulate1Discovering useful structures.Ex.11.Thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dollythesheep.2.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Ex.2Dollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatshehadbeenbornwasannouncedin1997.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.Dollysdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydiedwhenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentsshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumption(设想设想)thathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasntbeenprovedyet.219771977年多莉羊诞生的消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。但是，年多莉羊诞生的消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。但是，后来多莉羊染上严重肺病的问题又让科学家们忧虑。后来多莉羊染上严重肺病的问题又让科学家们忧虑。20032003年年2 2月月1414日科学家们作出让多莉羊长眠的决定。多莉之死正如它日科学家们作出让多莉羊长眠的决定。多莉之死正如它的出世一样，肯定会带来焦虑。多莉早亡的事实令世人失望。的出世一样，肯定会带来焦虑。多莉早亡的事实令世人失望。科学家们认为克隆可能会带来很多重大的科学突破和医学疗科学家们认为克隆可能会带来很多重大的科学突破和医学疗法，但他们现在不得不思考这样一个问题：法，但他们现在不得不思考这样一个问题：“多莉早死是因多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？为它是一只克隆羊吗？”除此而外，关于是否应该允许进行除此而外，关于是否应该允许进行人类克隆实验的问题也引起了激烈的争论。科学家们相信人人类克隆实验的问题也引起了激烈的争论。科学家们相信人类克隆只不过是时间问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没类克隆只不过是时间问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。有被证实。Ex.3variousanswers1.Ihadnoidea_2.Weheardthenews_3.Johntoldthetruth_4.Bettywonaprize_5.Charlesagreedtotheregulation_6.YesterdayIwasgladtogetamessage_7.Thefact_inspiredallofus.8.Igottheimpression_whethershehadgonetoBeijing.thattherecameaterribleearthquakeinJapan.thatTomhadcheatedintheexam.thathehadmadeanewinvention.thatnobodyisallowedtobelate.thatmysonwouldbeback.thatourfootballteamwonthegamethatmostofusdidwellintheexam.3Unit 2 GrammarRevisethe Appositive41. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 2. I myself will do the experiment.3. She is the oldest among them six.4. He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 名词名词代词代词数词数词下面句子中红色部分在句中作什么成分？下面句子中红色部分在句中作什么成分？从句从句同位语同位语 The Appositive5 同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于它位于名词、代词后面名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质说明它们的性质和情况和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。词性短语或从句充当。同位语同位语 The Appositive6同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1) 名词名词 (2) 代词代词 (3) 数词数词 (4) 从句从句(5) 由由such as, that is引导引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科某些学科, 例如数学和物理例如数学和物理, 是很难学的。是很难学的。(6) 由由 of 引导引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从自从2000年以来年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化。北京市发生了很大的变化。7(7) 由由 or 引导引导 The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 结冰温度即冰点结冰温度即冰点, 是水在常压下结冰是水在常压下结冰时的温度。时的温度。8The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.I have no idea when he will come back. What kind of clauses are they?They are Appositive Clauses.9(1) 同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。种。它在句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句同位语从句 The Appositive Clause10它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词的后面等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词词有连词that, 连接副词连接副词how, when, where, whether 等。等。11The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.Word came that their team had won.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意注意:12(2) 同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式: 由由that引导引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.13The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.14 由由whether引导引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go.15(3) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆混淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区别我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们它们: 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。16We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. Those who want to go please sign your names here. 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有 逻辑关系逻辑关系, 定语从句所限定的名词是从定语从句所限定的名词是从 句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语等。状语等。(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)17The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句定语从句, news是是told的逻辑宾语的逻辑宾语)The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句定语从句, day是是founded的逻辑状语的逻辑状语)18 同位语从句主要由连接词同位语从句主要由连接词that引导引导, 有时也可用有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导等引导; 定语从句由关系代词定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?19 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子句子, 谓语动词用谓语动词用be的不同形式。的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. The news was that their team had won.此句可以变为一个表语从句此句可以变为一个表语从句:20我们可以在名词和从句之间加我们可以在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.The belief is that the earth is flat.同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语从句的简易判断方法：21 用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。1. I cant decide _ book I should buy.2. China is no longer _ it used to be.3. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.4. _ we need is more money.5. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.which what how Whatthat221.The reason _ he has to go is _ 2. his mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because2. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when233. You can take the seat_ is free. A. when B. that C. where D. in which4. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D .where245. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why6. Thats the only thing _ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. what251.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.(2000春季北京卷春季北京卷)A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever解析：答案解析：答案A。do后接宾语从句，宾语后接宾语从句，宾语从句从句 I can 后省略了后省略了do，缺少宾语。，缺少宾语。whatever在宾语从句中作宾语。在宾语从句中作宾语。262.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001上海卷上海卷)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as解析：答案解析：答案B that引导从句作引导从句作information的同位语，解释的同位语，解释information的具体内容。的具体内容。273.Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.(2002上海卷上海卷)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析：答案解析：答案A 同位语从句同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作作a feeling的同位语，解释的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体的具体内容。内容。That连接同位语从句时只起连接连接同位语从句时只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。作用，不作从句的任何成分。284.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.(2003上上海卷海卷)A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;tobeimprovedD.when;improving解析：答案为解析：答案为A that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句说明说明“新问题新问题”的内容。的内容。Need后既可接后既可接动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动式作宾语。动式作宾语。295.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004春季上春季上海卷海卷)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether解析：答案解析：答案B这是一个同位语从句，解这是一个同位语从句，解释释promise的具体内容，要用的具体内容，要用that引导。引导。30练习练习Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。的复合句。312. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China.3. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.324. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet.335. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.341.Thenewsthat_(我们队赢了我们队赢了)istrue.2.Ihadnoideathat_(你在你在这里这里).3.Thebeliefthat_(条条大路通罗马条条大路通罗马)issharedbymanypeople.our team has won thematchyou were hereall roads lead to RomeTranslation351. We dont think you two have met before.翻译句子翻译句子, ,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。并说明这个名词性从句的作用。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句宾语从句)2. It is certain that John will do well in his exam.约翰肯定会考好。约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句主语从句)363. Whether they are coming or not doesnt matter too much.4. The fact that they won the prize made us happy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句同位语从句)他们来不来无关紧要。他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句主语从句)375. Now is when we need him most.现在是我们最需要他的时候。现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句表语从句)6. I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句同位语从句)38Using LanguageTHE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS ?39Words preview resist merely decoration unable zebra vt. 抵抗；对抗抵抗；对抗 adv. 仅；只；不过仅；只；不过 n. 装饰装饰 adj. 不能的；不会的不能的；不会的 n. 斑马斑马40 argument aloud reasonable obtainn. 论据；论点；争论论据；论点；争论 adv. 大声地；出声地大声地；出声地adj. 合情理的；讲道理合情理的；讲道理 的；公道的的；公道的vt. 获得；得到获得；得到Words preview41Expressions preview from time to time bring back to life pay off不时；偶尔不时；偶尔使复生使复生取得好结果；取得取得好结果；取得成功；成功； 赔清赔清42Please enjoy some pictures about dinosaurs. Please enjoy some pictures about dinosaurs. 霸王龙霸王龙43剑龙剑龙stegosaurs44角龙角龙 ceratopsids45雷龙雷龙 brontosaurus46翼龙翼龙pterodactyl47Reading comprehension1.Thewriterofthetext_A.isexcitedbythepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctanimalsB.believesextinctanimalscanbebroughtbacktolifebycloningC.thinksitimpossibleorunsuitabletocloneextinctanimalslikedinosaursD.dreamsofdinosaursreturningtotheearth2.ThefilmJurassicParkispopularbecause_.A.peopleareinterestedinthesubjectofcloningB.alltheactorsaredinosaursC.itwasdirectedbyascientistwhoclonesdinosaursD.itprovesveryinteresting3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?_A.Micewereclonedin1981.B.Dollythesheepwasthefirstclonedanimal.C.Thenameoftheclonedcowis“Bison”D.Chinawassuccessfulincloningmammals.484.ThereasonswhyagroupofclonedanimalsalldieofthesameillnessdoNOTinclude_.A.theyhavethesamearrangementofgenesB.thereisntenoughdiversityinthegroupforittoovercomeillnessesC.theillnessisanewoneD.theirarrangementofgenescannotresistthatnewdisease5.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_A.scientistsareexperimentingtoclonedinosaursB.dinosaurswillneverreturntotheearthC.clonedanimalswillonlyliveinthezooD.theDNAofdinosaurscanonlysurvive10000year49Useful expressions1.fierceandextinctwildanimals2.thepopularityoffilms3.amixtureoffearandexcitement4.strikeinto5.strikeintosb.sheart6.experimentwith7.givebirthto8.fromtimetotime9.bringbacktolife10.withwhatweknow11.invain12.arrangeindifferentways13.passonto14.drawbackto15.continuethespecies凶猛和灭绝的野生动物凶猛和灭绝的野生动物受欢迎的影片受欢迎的影片既兴奋又恐惧既兴奋又恐惧突然开始突然开始/转入转入;扎扎(进进)使某人感到使某人感到进行实验进行实验;用用做实验做实验生生;引起引起,产生产生不时不时,偶尔偶尔,间或间或使恢复使恢复/复活复活/苏醒苏醒据我们所知据我们所知白费地白费地,徒劳无益地徒劳无益地以不同的方式排列以不同的方式排列将将传给传给的缺点的缺点继续传种接代继续传种接代50Listentothepassageandanswerthequestions.1.Whyshouldntyoucloneanextinctanimalunlessthereisenoughdiversityinthegroup?Therewillnotbeenoughdiversityinthegrouptobeabletoresistnewillnesses.2.Whyisitwrongtocloneanextinctanimalifitwouldhavetoliveinazoo?Becauseitisnotasuitablehabitattodevelopandincreaseitsnumbers.Thezooisnotanaturalenvironmentforawildanimal3.WhycantyouclonetheDNAofanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years?TheDNAofanimalsmorethan10,000yearsoldisnotsuitableforcloning,foritcantsurvivesolong.511.Thepopularityoffilmsstruckintopeoplesheartspopularityn.普及，流行；知名度；受大众欢迎普及，流行；知名度；受大众欢迎Hispopularityextendsalloverinthewholeworld.gaininpopularity=becomemorepopularAsyouknow,EnglishhasgainedinpopularityinChina.strikeinto扎进；突然跑入；突然开始扎进；突然跑入；突然开始Isawhimstrikeintoabookshopalongtheroad.Injustafewdaysitsrootwillstrikedeepintoearth.strikeintoonesheart使某人感到使某人感到;使使突然进突然进入入Whattheteachersaidstruckfearintomyheart.Hestruckadampintome.(给给泼冷水泼冷水,扫扫的兴的兴,使使沮丧沮丧)2.wearealongwayfrombeingabletoclone.sb.isalongwayfromdoingsth.某人某人做做还有很长还有很长的路要走的路要走WearealongwayfromstudyingEnglishwell.=TostudyEnglishwell,westillhavealongwaytogo.Language points523.canbebroughtbacktolifebringbacktolife使使复活复活;使使苏醒苏醒Anywayhewasdead,wecouldnotbringhimbacktolife.Dr.Litriedhisbesttobringtheunconsciouschildbacktolife.bringtolife使生动使生动;使活泼使活泼;使使得生命得生命Agoodteacheralwayshasawaytobringhisclasstolife.bringbacktohealth恢复健康恢复健康bringbacktopower重新上台重新上台bringbacktomemory勾起回忆勾起回忆4.willbeinvainif.vainadj.自负的自负的;爱虚荣的爱虚荣的徒劳的徒劳的,无用的无用的,无无效的效的Sheisoneofthosevainpeoplewhonevertakeothersadvice.Hemadeavainattempttoreachthedrowningchild.bevainabout对对.很自负很自负Sheisvainaboutherbeauty.invain白费地白费地,徒劳无益地徒劳无益地;无效果的无效果的,无用的无用的Wetriedinvaintomakehimchangehismind.Itwasinvainthatwetriedtofindhismother.535.andpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetotheirchildren.resistvt.1)抵抗抵抗,抵制抵制,抗拒抗拒,经得起经得起2)(与与cannot,couldnot连用连用)无法抗拒无法抗拒/忍忍住。住。resistdoingsth.拒绝拒绝/抵制做某事抵制做某事cantresist/helpdoingsth.忍不住做某事忍不住做某事;不能抗拒不能抗拒做某事做某事Theyresistedtheattack.Hefoundithardtoresisttakingdrugs.Shecouldnotresistthetemptation.passonto传给传给/传递传递给给6.ismerelyadream.merely;only;just“仅、只仅、只”可以换用可以换用,放在所修饰成放在所修饰成分前分前.merely的用法较正式。的用法较正式。Insteadofanswering，shemerelyonlyjustsmiledShescomeherejustonlymerelytoseeyou.作形容词时作形容词时,only表示表示“仅有的仅有的”；mere表示表示“仅仅的、仅仅的、单单单单的的”；just意为意为“公正的公正的”。如：。如：ajustman光光明正大的人明正大的人Heisanonlychild(Heisonlyachild.)Merewordswonthelp光说（不做）无济于事。光说（不做）无济于事。54Listening1.Tickthosethatyouhear.Cloningwillbringdeadpetstolife.Therewere627experimentsbeforeDollywassuccessfullyclone.Cloningmayhelpcureseriousillnesses.Itsadeadend.Dollywas“middle-aged”whenshewasborn.Soyourgrandmotherwouldbeabletostartherlifeallover againandlivetoanoldage.552.Listenagainandworkwithapartnertofillinthechart.MarysideasaboutcloningXiaoQingsideasaboutcloning1. cruel to animals1. scientists are doing a wonderful job2. makes them do unnatural things 2. may bring back extinct animals3. it is a “dead end”3. problems because it is a new science4. weakens the species4. it may provide medicine for illnesses56