( (十二十二) )状语从句状语从句 一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有引导时间状语从句的连词有when，while，as，before， after，whenever，till，until，since，once等。等。1.when除了作除了作“当当时候时候”解之外，还有解之外，还有“那时那时(突然突然)，这时，这时(突突 然然)”之意，常用于下列句式：之意，常用于下列句式：was/were doing.when.“正正突突 然然”；was/were about to/going to do.when.“正要正要突突 然然”；had just done.when.“刚刚突然就突然就。” We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain. 另外，另外，when还可作还可作“既然既然”解，引出原因状语从句。解，引出原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. 2.before除译为除译为“在在之前之前”外，还可译为外，还可译为“还未还未就就”； “不到不到就就”；“才才”；“趁着还没趁着还没就就”； “还没来得及还没来得及就就”等。等。 Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。趁你现在没忘把它记下来。 Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。3.辨析辨析before和和since before可构成句型：可构成句型：“it will(not)be.before.”和和“it was(not).before.”，意为，意为“多久之后才多久之后才”。 It wont be long before we meet again. It was some time before I realized the importance of it. since可构成句型：可构成句型：“It is/has been.since.”，意为，意为“做某事已有做某事已有多多 久了；已有多久没做某事了。久了；已有多久没做某事了。” It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不吸烟有三年了。我不吸烟有三年了。 It is three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了。4.辨析辨析while和和as while和和as都可译为都可译为“在在期间；正当期间；正当时时”，表示主句中的，表示主句中的动动 作和从句中的动作同时发生。但作和从句中的动作同时发生。但while从句中的谓语动词通常是从句中的谓语动词通常是 持续性动词，而持续性动词，而as从句中的谓语动词既可是持续性动词，也可是从句中的谓语动词既可是持续性动词，也可是 短暂性动词。短暂性动词。 Please dont talk so aloud while others are working. He hurried home，looking behind as he went.【注】【注】as还可译为还可译为“随着随着”，表示事态或状况的变化或发展过程。，表示事态或状况的变化或发展过程。 As the years went by，his hair turned grey. 另外，另外，just as是固定搭配，意为是固定搭配，意为“正当正当时时”。 Just as he was leaving his house，the telephone rang. while有时可译为有时可译为“而，却而，却”，表示上下文的转折对比关系。，表示上下文的转折对比关系。 He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music. while还有还有“虽然虽然”之意，引出让步状语从句。之意，引出让步状语从句。 While I understand your viewpoint，I dont agree with you. 虽然我理解你的观点，但我不同意。虽然我理解你的观点，但我不同意。 5.当表达当表达“一一就就”之意时，可用之意时，可用as soon as，immediately， directly，the moment，the minute等引出状语从句，还可用等引出状语从句，还可用no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.等句型。等句型。 The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming. We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.6.短语短语every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time，by the time等也可引导时间状语从句。等也可引导时间状语从句。 Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out. 每次我陷入困境时，他就会来帮助我。每次我陷入困境时，他就会来帮助我。 二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词有引导地点状语从句的连词有where，wherever等。等。 The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂建在一罗马寺庙的旧址上。这座教堂建在一罗马寺庙的旧址上。 The thread breaks where it is weakest. 线从最弱的地方断。线从最弱的地方断。三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有：引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since等。等。 As I had a cold，I was absent from school. 因为我得了感冒，我缺课了。因为我得了感冒，我缺课了。 此外，此外，now(that)，seeing(that)，considering(that)， given(that)等短语也可引导原因状语从句。等短语也可引导原因状语从句。 Now that you are all here，lets try and reach a decision. 既然你们都在这儿，咱们就设法作出一个决定。既然你们都在这儿，咱们就设法作出一个决定。 Considering hes only been learning English a year，he speaks it very well. 考虑到他学英语才一年，他讲得很好了。考虑到他学英语才一年，他讲得很好了。四、条件状语从句四、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词有：引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless等。等。 If you have finished your homework，you can go out and play. Youll fail the exam unless you study hard. 【注】条件状语从句中通常不用将来时态，要用一般现在时【注】条件状语从句中通常不用将来时态，要用一般现在时 或现在完成时代替一般将来时，一般过去时或过去完成时代或现在完成时代替一般将来时，一般过去时或过去完成时代 替过去将来时。替过去将来时。 另外，另外，so/as long as(只要只要)，in case(万一万一的话的话)，on condition that(假如；在假如；在条件下条件下)， suppose/supposing(that)(假设假设)，provided/providing(that)(倘倘 若；在若；在条件下条件下)等也可引导条件状语从句。等也可引导条件状语从句。 As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed. In case anything important happens，please call me up. Ill come on condition that my parents are invited，too.五、让步状语从句五、让步状语从句1.引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：although，though，as，even though，even if。 They will stand by you even if you dont succeed. 【注】【注】although和和though不可与不可与but连用，但可与连用，但可与yet，still或或 nevertheless连用。连用。 Although it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football. 2.whether.or.可引导让步状语从句，意为可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是不管是还还 是是；不论是否；不论是否”。 Youll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。3.whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever， wherever等与等与no matter what/who/which.等亦可引导让步状语等亦可引导让步状语 从句，意为从句，意为“不管不管；无论；无论。 However far it is，I intend to drive there today. The quality will be the same，whichever of them you choose.六、方式状语从句六、方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有：引导方式状语从句的连词有：as，as if，as though等。等。 Do as you are told to，or youll be fired. 请按照要求去做，否则你会被开除。请按照要求去做，否则你会被开除。 【注】【注】(just)as.so.是一常用句型，意为是一常用句型，意为“正如正如那那 样，样，也一样也一样”；有时；有时so分句中可用倒装语序。分句中可用倒装语序。 Just as the Americans like baseball，so the British like soccer. 就像美国人喜欢棒球一样，英国人喜欢足球。就像美国人喜欢棒球一样，英国人喜欢足球。七、目的状语从句七、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有：引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case等。等。 Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father should see him. Take your raincoat in case it rains. 八、结果状语从句八、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有：引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so.that.， such.that.。在非正式语体中，由。在非正式语体中，由so.that.，such.that.引引 导的句子中导的句子中that可以省略。可以省略。 I was caught in a shower，so that all my clothes got wet. It was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companions. He is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing.过关落实过关落实1._ he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race. A.If B.Since C.Though D.When 解析：解析：ifif引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。 答案：答案：A 2.Id like to study law at university _ my cousin prefers geography. A.though B.as C.while D.for 解析：解析：连词连词whilewhile表示转折，意思是表示转折，意思是“而，可是而，可是”。 答案：答案：C3.He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. A.when B.before C.since D.that 解析：解析：“It is/was/will be“It is/was/will be一段时间一段时间before”before”译为译为“多长多长时时 间之后才间之后才”。 答案：答案：B 4._ I really dont like art，I find his work impressive. A.As B.Since C.If D.While 解析：解析：whilewhile引导让步状语从句，译为引导让步状语从句，译为“尽管尽管”；asas虽可引导让虽可引导让步步 状语从句，但从句须倒装。状语从句，但从句须倒装。 答案：答案：D5.You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence. A.before B.once C.until D.though 解析：解析：onceonce引导条件状语从句，译为引导条件状语从句，译为“一旦一旦”。 答案：答案：B 6.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，_ they knew it to be valuable. A.as if B.now that C.even though D.so that 解析：解析：“even though”means“even if”，引导让步状语从句。，引导让步状语从句。 答案：答案：C7.My parents live in a small village.They always keep candles in the house _ there is a power cut. A.if B.unless C.in case D.so that 解析：解析：in case “in case “以防，万一以防，万一”引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。 答案：答案：C 8.“You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again，” the old man said firmly. A.because B.since C.when D.until 解析：解析：not.untilnot.until意为意为“直到直到才才”。 答案：答案：D9.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada，_ this was a memory she especially treasured. A.as B.if C.when D.where 解析：解析：as as 此处引导状语从句，表原因。此处引导状语从句，表原因。 答案：答案：A 10.If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do. A.in which B.what C.when D.where 解析：解析：wherewhere引导地点状语从句。引导地点状语从句。 答案：答案：D11.Its known to all that _ you take exercise regularly，will you keep good health. A.unless B.only when C.although D.if only 解析：解析：注意倒装结构。注意倒装结构。 答案：答案：B 12.He asked me just to sit down and drink some water _ I could say anything about my travel plan. A.while B.when C.if D.before 解析：解析：本句中本句中beforebefore可译为可译为“还没来得及还没来得及”。 答案：答案：D13.I had just finished doing my examination papers _ the bell rang. A.when B.while C.before D.after 解析：解析：had just done.whenhad just done.when表示表示“刚做完刚做完就就”。 答案：答案：A 14._ I admit his good points，I still feel it unwise to offer him this important position. A.While B.Unless C.When D.As 解析：解析：whilewhile在本句中表示在本句中表示“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”。 答案：答案：A15.We shouldnt ignore what happens _ it is difficult for us to accept some stories. A.even if B.as if C.on condition that D.seeing that 解析：解析：even ifeven if即使；即使；as ifas if好像；好像；on condition thaton condition that在在 条件下。条件下。 答案：答案：A