一、一、 动词动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气后宾语从句中的虚拟语气1 用用wish表示对表示对过去过去事情的遗憾。事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时过去完成时。eg. I wish I hadnt hurt him so much。 2 用用wish表示表示现在现在的祝愿和抱歉。的祝愿和抱歉。其句子结构为：其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语宾语从句的谓语be为为were，实义动词用，实义动词用过去式过去式。eg. I wish they were at home this time.3 用用wish表示对表示对将来将来事情的愿望。事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语would/could/might+动词动词原形原形。例：例：I wish I could come tomorrow 。1二二条件从句条件从句结果主句结果主句与过去与过去事实相事实相反反If I (we ,you, he , they)+ had done/beenI (we)should/wouldyou wouldhe/she wouldthey would与现在与现在事实相事实相反反If I (we ,you, he , they)+were/didI (we)should/wouldyou wouldhe/she wouldthey would与将来与将来事实相事实相反反If I (we ,you, he , they)+动词的过去动词的过去式式/ were to do / should doI (we)should/wouldyou wouldhe/she wouldthey would+do/be+have done/been+do/be21.If we _ now, we should arrive in good time.A.leave B.left C.are leaving D.to leave2.I _ what these were for if I hadnt been told.A.wouldnt have known B.didnt knowC.hadnt known D.shall have known3.If you _ the glass, it would break.A.drop B.dropped C.are dropping D.had droppedB A B 3注意：注意：1.If从句中若含有从句中若含有should, had 或者或者were，那么就，那么就可以把它们放在句首，与主语颠倒形成倒装，但动词过可以把它们放在句首，与主语颠倒形成倒装，但动词过去式不可以与主语倒装。去式不可以与主语倒装。1).如果他在，他会来帮助我们。如果他在，他会来帮助我们。Were he here, he would come to help us.2).假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。Had you been here just now, you would have met her.3).假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这一切。假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这一切。Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.42.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的的时间不一致时间不一致时，被称为时，被称为“错综时间条件句错综时间条件句”，动词的形动词的形动词的形动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。1)如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。If he had set out earlier, he would be home now. 2).假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.54.If I had spoken to him yesterday, I _ what to do now. A.will know B.should know C.know D.would have known5.You would be much better now if you _ my advice. A.take B.have taken C.had taken D.tookB C 6三三.含蓄条件表达方法：含蓄条件表达方法：1. 介词介词 ：without , but for2. 连词连词 ：otherwise , or , but , though , once71. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由由with, without, but for等。等。1).What would you do with a million dollars?=if you had a million dollars 2). We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. =if we hadnt got your help3). But for rain, we would have finished the work. =If it hadnt been for the rain82. 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。1).I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）（副词）2).He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）（连词）3).A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）（定语从句）4).Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构）91.Without the Communist Party of China, _ New China.A.there were not B.there would be noC.there will be D.there hadnt been2._ it _ for Doctor Bethune, the wounded soldier wound have lost his left leg.A.Were; not B.Should , not beC.Had; not been for D.Was; notB C Had it not been for和和 Were it not for要不是要不是 话；多亏了话；多亏了 不然不然103.I _ you, but I forgot your telephone number.A.called B.would have calledC.was calling D.had called4.- Why didnt you ring me up? - I would have, but I _ your telephone number.A.forgot B.has forgotten C.was forgetting D.had forgotten B A 11四四.在一个坚持（在一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（两个命令（order, command）,三个建议（三个建议（ suggest, advise, propose）,四个要求四个要求(ask，demand，request, require)等动词后的等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形动词原形”，表示建，表示建议、要求、命令等。议、要求、命令等。1).我建议马上动身。我建议马上动身。I suggest that we (should) set off at once.2).学生们坚持要多上英语课。学生们坚持要多上英语课。The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.123. 在主语在主语would (had) rather that 宾语从句宾语从句中，从句谓语用中，从句谓语用过去式过去式表示虚拟形式。表示虚拟形式。我倒希望他们和我一起去。我倒希望他们和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.13五五.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在主语从句主语从句中的用法。中的用法。主语从句是主语从句是Its necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) that时，时， 谓语的虚谓语的虚拟形式用拟形式用 （should）原形动词）原形动词或或shouldhave过去分过去分词词来表示。来表示。1). 高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.2). 很遗憾他居然没有在。很遗憾他居然没有在。It is a pity that he should be absent today. 3). 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is important that we should speak politely.注意注意：有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主语从：有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主语从句中要用虚拟语气，常见的有：句中要用虚拟语气，常见的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested,required等。等。14六六.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法。虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法。在在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等等名词后的名词后的表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成中要用虚拟语气。其构成是是“should动词原形动词原形”。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.15七、在七、在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，定语从句的虚的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用拟形式常用过去式过去式或或should动词原形动词原形（should不能省略）不能省略），表示，表示“现在该现在该”我们该走了。我们该走了。 It is time we left.八、八、 if only表示一种假设情况，意思是表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是要是就好就好了了”，相当于主语，相当于主语wish。1).要是今天是星期天就好了。要是今天是星期天就好了。If only it were Sunday today.2).要是他幽默点就好了。要是他幽默点就好了。If only he had a sense of humor.16九、由九、由as if(as though) 或或even though(even though) 引导的引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去过去式（式（be用用were）或或“had过去分词过去分词”。他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.注意注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。17十、虚拟语气用在含有十、虚拟语气用在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 条件句中。条件句中。1). If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.2). If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.十一、虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型中。十一、虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型中。1). It would be better for you not to do that. 2). Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.十二、十二、 用于用于“may动词原形动词原形”表示表示“祝愿祝愿”，may须置须置于句首。于句首。1). May you succeed!2). May you be happy!18