选修8Unit 1Unit 5Unit 2Unit 2CloningCloning基 础 梳 理1_ (vt.) 着手；从事；承担2_ (vt.)扔；投；掷3_ (vt.)获得；赢得4_ (vt.)获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)5_ (vt.)禁止；不准6_ (vt.)欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于7_ (vt.)打扰(vi.)操心(n.) 烦扰重点单词重点单词undertakecastobtainattainforbidowebother 8_ (vi.&vt.) 打；撞击；罢工(n.) 罢工9_ (adj.) 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的10_ (adv.) 仅；只；不过11_ (vt.) 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱12_ (n.) 突破13_ (vt.) 积累；聚积14_ (vt.) 抵抗；对抗_ (n.) 抵抗；对抗_ (adj.) 有抵抗力的；抵制的strikevainmerelyadorebreakthroughaccumulateresistresistanceresistant 15_ (n.) 假定；设想_ (vt.) 假定；设想16_ (vi.) 不同；相异_ (adj.) 不同的_ (n.) 不同；差异17_ (vi.) 反对；不赞成_ (n.) 不赞成；反对；异议_ (adj.) 真实的；客观的；无偏见的18_(vi.)退休；离开_(n.)退休assumptionassumedifferdifferentdifferenceobjectobjectionobjectiveretireretirement1_得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2_沮丧；不愉快3_反对4_赞成；支持5_把归功于6_一定或注定(做)7_使刻骨铭心重点短语重点短语pay offcast downobject toin favor ofowe.tobe bound to (do)strike.into ones heart 8_不时；偶尔9_使复生；使复活10_白费力气；枉费心机11_状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏12_对有很大影响from time to timebring back to lifein vainin good/poor conditionhave a great impact on 1The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。解读that引导同位语从句。仿写有一些国家仍然贫困这一事实对整个世界来说是一个大问题。_some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a big problem to the world.经典句型经典句型答案： The fact that2Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。解读then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。仿写听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_.答案：fled the thief 3The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。解读The advantage is that.“其优点是”，that引导表语从句。仿写其优点是如果你能讲流利的英语，你更有可能找到好工作。_if you can speak English fluently，you are more likely to find a good job.答案： The advantage is that4However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.科学家一直致力于研究克隆到底会有助于我们还是会伤害我们，它们将我们引向何方。解读whether.or无论还是仿写从他脸上我们看不出他是高兴还是难过。We cannot tell from his face_.答案：whether he is happy or sad 突 破 核 心1differ vi.不同；相异教材原句Think about how they differ.想一想他们如何不同。板块一：核心单词differ from不同于；和不同differ in在方面不同differ with sb.on/about/over sth.在上和某人有分歧/异议make a difference(to.)和有差别；对有影响tell the difference between A and B分清A和Bbe different from.in.在方面与不同My brother and I differ from each other in many ways.我和我兄弟在许多方面都不同。The twins look alike，but they differ widely_their tastes.这对双胞胎看上去相似，但爱好大相径庭。I have to differ_you_that.在这一点上我不能同意你的看法。答案： inwith；on2undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担教材原句It is a difficult task to undertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。undertake a task/responsibility承担任务/责任undertake to do sth.同意、答应或着手做某事undertake for.为负责undertake that.保证He undertook a new experiment.他着手一项新的实验。She_for these changes.她承担了做出这些改变的责任。He undertook_(finish)the job by Friday.他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。The QinghaiTibet Railway，as the chief engineer said，was the hardest engineering project they_in the past 30 years.正如总工程师所说，青藏铁路，是过去三十年他们承担的最艰难的工程。答案：undertook the responsibilityto finishhad ever undertaken3object vi. 反对；不赞成n. 物体；目标教材原句On the other hand，Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。(1)object to sb./sth.反对；不赞成某人/某事object to doing sth.反对做某事object that.反对(2)objection n反对；厌恶raise an objection to sth.对某事提出异议take/have/make an/no objection to(doing) sth.对某事表示反对/不反对(3)objective adj.真实的，客观的If anybody objects，well postpone the meeting till next week.如果有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。He objected_working on Sundays.他反对星期天工作。My main_to the plan is that it costs too much.我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。How do Americans like to be called?Most of them dont object to_(call) them by their first name.美国人喜欢怎样被称呼？大部分人不反对叫他们的姓。答案： toobjectioncalling4forbid (forbade，forbidden) vt. 禁止；不准教材原句Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究(1)forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid that.禁止(从句中常用should动词原形)(2)forbid sb.(from doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。The law forbids_(smoke)in public buildings.法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。I forbid you_(tell)anyone.我不准你告诉任何人。The students are forbidden，unless they have special passes，_(stay)out after 11 pm.学生除非有特别通行证，否则禁止晚上11点后在校外。答案： smokingto tellto stay5owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)教材原句You owe the lady an apology.你必须向这位女士道歉。(1)owe sb.sth.(owe sth.to sb.)欠某人某物owe sb.a favo(u)r欠某人一个人情owe sb.an apology该向某人道歉(2)owe.to.把归功于owe it to sb.that.多亏某人(3)owing to.因为；由于I owe my success to my teacher.我把我的成功归功于我的老师。He owes his friend 50 pounds.He_his friend.他欠他朋友50英镑。I_having been so rude to you last night.昨晚我太粗暴，应该向你道歉。I owe_to the doctor that I am still alive.我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。_ bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。答案：owes 50 pounds toowe you an apology foritOwing to 6bother vt.打扰 vi.操心n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人教材原句However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。(1)bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人bother to do sth.特意做某事bother about sth.为某事烦恼It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是(2)put sb.to any bother给某人添乱why bother没有必要；何苦Dont bother.不用费心了。/不用麻烦了。I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.此刻我不想让她为我的事情操心。You dont bother_(get) dinner for me today，Ill eat out.今天，不要麻烦为我预备饭了，我要在外边吃。You neednt bother_small things.你用不着为琐事烦恼。Ill go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann.我要去邮局给安寄这个包裹。_ bother？Ill see her at dinner this evening.不必麻烦了吧？今晚吃饭我能见到她。答案：to getaboutWhy 7strike n罢工vi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工(struck；struck)教材原句.proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。strike vi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工；突然想到；打动，给印象；(钟)敲；报时be/go on strike罢工It strikes sb.that.某人突然想起sth.strike(s) sb.某人突然想起Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。The boy fell，_on the edge of the table.男孩摔了一跤，头撞在桌沿上。The church clock began to_.教堂的钟开始敲十二下。The visitors_by the beauty of the tourist area.游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。What_was the enthusiasm of the local people.给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。答案： striking his headstrike twelvewere struckstruck me most8resist vt.抵抗，反抗；忍耐，忍住教材原句But others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。resist sth.抵制/阻挡某事resist doing sth.反对/抵制做某事cant/couldnt resist doing sth.cant/couldnt help doing sth.忍不住做某事resistance n反对；抵制；抗拒She resisted the temptation to tell him what she really thought.她克制住自己，没有把真实想法告诉他。I was not strong enough_.我不够坚定，抵抗不了他的好意。I couldnt resist_(have) a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。答案：to resist the offerhaving 9pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清教材原句But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是，科学家们的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。板块二：短语和句型pay for 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价pay back 还钱，报复pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 访问pay off 全部付清After ten years of hard work，they paid off all their debts.经过十年的艰苦劳动，他们还清了债务。We _the house.我们买房花了20万。Can you lend me 10？Ill_on Friday.你能借给我10英镑吗？我星期五就还你。Have you heard that he was admitted into Tsinghua University?Yes，I have.His efforts finally_.你听说了吗？他被清华大学录取了。是的，我听说了。他的努力终于得到了回报。答案： paid 200 thousand yuan forpay you backpaid off10cast down 使沮丧/不愉快教材原句Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.研究克隆的科学家发现多莉的病更容易发生在年老的动物身上，这让他们很沮丧。cast away 丢掉，遭遇海难而流落某地cast off 抛弃cast out 赶走cast sb.in the role of.选某人演角色Her husbands death cast her down.她因丈夫的死而沮丧。He_by what his manager said.经理的话让他很沮丧。Standing timidly before the teacher，the girl_her eyes.那个小女孩拘谨地站在老师面前，垂下了目光。答案： was cast downcast down11in favour of 赞成；支持教材原句Is it in favour of cloning or against it?他(作者)的观点是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。The result was 28 to 15_Wang Hongs favour.结果是28比15，王红当选。_me a favour and turn the volume down while Im on the phone，will you?劳驾，我打电话的时候把音量调小点好吗？答案： inDo12from time to time不时，偶尔教材原句From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs，can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.不时有人建议，像恐龙那样已经灭绝的动物可能会通过克隆使之复生。The food safety accidents happen from time to time.食品安全事故时不时地发生。_no time did I agree to the plan.我从未同意过这项计划。They learned to accept their stepmother_time.过了一段时间之后他们学会了接受他们的继母。答案： Atin13bring back to life使复生；使复活教材原句From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs，can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.不时有人建议，像恐龙那样已经灭绝的动物可能会通过克隆使之复生。(1)bring sth.to life赋予某物以生命come to life苏醒过来；活跃起来devote ones life to (doing) sth.把一生奉献给lay down ones life for.为献身(牺牲生命)(2)bring up培养；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐bring on使发生；引起；端上(饭菜)bring in引来；引进；吸收bring out取出；说出；阐明；出版；生产bring back使回想起；归还；带回来bring down使倒下；减少；降低(价格、温度)bring about导致；引起It is impossible to bring a dead person back to life.让一个人死而复生是不可能的。He left her to_three young children on her own.他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。He does odd jobs that_about 30 dollars a week.他做零工每周可赚约30美元。Science and technology has_many changes in our lives.科学技术给我们的生活带来了诸多变化。答案： bring upbring him inbrought about14in vain 白费力气，枉费心机教材原句All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is no enough diversity in the groups to overcome illnesses.如果在这些组中没有足够的多样性克服疾病，那么克隆动物的所有努力都白费了。in advance 提前in charge 主管in debt 负债in order 井然有序in progress 有进展in return 作为回报in theory 从理论上I hope our efforts wont be in vain.我希望我们的努力不会白费。I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem，but_.我已经非常努力地想找到这个问题的解决方法，但是白费力气。答案： in vain15in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)教材原句The dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition.渡渡鸟灭绝时间相当近，所以它的DNA仍然状况良好。out of condition健康状况欠佳working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境on condition that.在条件下；倘若on no condition一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)名师点津condition指人或物自身的状况时，常用作不可数名词；指周围的环境、境况、条件时，常用复数形式。见证2014.better road conditions have also attracted more drivers.路况的改善也吸引了更多的司机。(2014山东卷阅读表达)The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。They agreed to lend us the car_we returned it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。On no condition_deny that the Diaoyu Islands have been an integral part of Chinas territory for centuries.我们决不能否认，几个世纪以来钓鱼岛一直是中国领土不可分割的一部分。答案： on condition thatcan we16The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。此句中that引导的从句为同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that仅起连接词的作用，无意义，不能省略。(1)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear，possibility等。(2)同位语从句中表示“是否”用whether不用if。(3)特殊疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，注意从句用陈述语序。He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.他不愿面对他失败的事实，最后自杀身亡。The question_we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有得到解决。I have no idea_the meeting will be held.我不知道这次会议何时举行。The news_our football team had won the match was encouraging.我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。答案：whetherwhenthat 17The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优势是如果发生一种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。The advantage is that.优势是，that此处引导表语从句。The problem is that.问题是The chance is that.有可能There is no chance that.没有可能The advantage is that we have a good command of English.其优势是我们很好地掌握了英语。_is that our team will finish at the top，as our remaining matches arent too difficult.由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。_no chance that they will win the match.他们赢得比赛是不可能的。答案：The chanceThere is 根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子1He prefers to work till late，while I am an early riser.Maybe thats_.(differ)他喜欢工作到很晚，而我是一个早起的人。这就是我们不同的地方。2I do not think they_as long as we are well prepared to take up the challenge.(strike)我认为只要我们准备好迎接挑战，他们就无法在我们的心中引起恐慌。单元语法专练：答案：1.where we differ2.can strike fear into our hearts 3After the flood，with the help of our soldiers，we managed _. (bring)洪水过后，在战士们的帮助下，我们成功地使家乡恢复了生机。4In vain_do the work that they had begun.(continue)他们继续做着早已经开始的工作，可是白费力气。5Its wellknown to us all_be new changes when a new system is introduced.(bound)众所周知，当引进一个新的体系后，一定会发生新的变化。答案： 3to bring our hometown back to life 4.did they continue to5that there are bound to 6The North Koreas air force is even weaker，with some six hundred 1960s warplanes，many_.(condition)朝鲜的空军就更不行了，只有六百多架60年代的老式战机，其中许多架战机的状态很差。7There is a possibility_college students doing a parttime job.(object)有可能他反对大学生做兼职工作。答案： 6.of them in poor condition7that he objects to8William wishes now that_drugs then through educating himself and strengthening his own willpower.(resist)威廉姆多么希望他当时通过自我教育和强化自己的意志力，抵制了毒品的诱惑。9It was not until the last moment that_to him all the way.(owe)直到最后，我才意识到我一直对不起他。10To protect your rights，we need to make restrictions_ _deny your these rights.(forbid)为了保障您的权利，我们需要作出限制，禁止任何人否认您的这些权利。答案： 8.he had resisted the temptation of9.I realized I owed an apology10.which/that/to forbid anyone to