Unit3TomorrowsworldTolearnthebasicformsofthepassivevoiceandsomespecialpassivepatternsTolearnhowtousemodalverbsinthepassivevoiceTofindouttheverbsoftenusedinthepassivevoice1.ThispresentationwillgiveyousomeinformationaboutRealCine:howitworks,whyitisbetterthanafilm,andhowitcanbeusedinotherways.2.Toachievethis,specialVRheadsetsaredesignedtoallowtheuserstoseein3-Dandhearthesoundsallaroundthem.3.BoththeheadsetsandtheglovesareconnectedtoacomputernetworkintheVRstudio.ObservethesentencesonP42-43:4.InscientificstudiesithasbeenshownthatVRcanbeagoodtreatmentforpeoplewhohavesocialproblems.5.Inonecase,ateenagerwhowasafraidoftalkingandplayingwithhisschoolmateswastreatedwithVR.6.AnargumenthasbeenputforwardthatsomeuserswillbedisappointedbyRealCinebecauseVRisnotreal.7.However,withVRweareabletodothingsthatcouldneverbeachievedinreallife.8.Besidesthis,VRcanbeusedtopractiseskillsinasecureenvironmentthatotherwisewouldbequitedangerous.9.RealCinecouldbeusedinclassaswell.seehowitlooksandmakechangesbeforeconstructioniscarriedout.10.Thiskindofurbanplanningisinthelongtermcheaperandmorepractical,comparedwiththewaymosturbanplanningisdonetoday.语态语态语态语态 (Voice)(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。语态和被动语态。语态和被动语态。语态和被动语态。被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态 (PassiveVoice)(PassiveVoice)表示句子的主语是动表示句子的主语是动表示句子的主语是动表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be+V-edbe+V-ed形式。形式。形式。形式。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed-ed形形形形式，所以，式，所以，式，所以，式，所以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词词词词bebe上上上上。+ doneam/is/aream/is/are+beinghave/has+beenshall/will+bewas/werewas/were+beinghad+beenwould+beFillintheblanksaccordingtothepictures.Theman_(call)“Agoodhusband”.iscalledAfrog_(catch)byabigbirdjustnow.wascaughtAnargument_already_(putforward).hasbeenputforwardThepetdog_(treat)byavet.isbeingtreatedPointouttheverb,thesubjectandtheobjectinthefollowingsentences.1.Wekeptfoodinthefridge.Foodwaskept(byus)inthefridge.2.Weclosethewindowsandthedoor.Thewindowsandthedoorareclosed.Howcanwechangeasentenceintopassivevoice?1.Findouttheobjectofthesentenceanduseitasthesubjectofthesentencewiththepassivevoice.2.Decidethetenseofthesentenceandusetherelatedformofitspassive.3.Ifnecessary,use“by”tojointheformersubject,whichshouldbeputintoitsobjectform.Whendoweusethepassivevoice?Manyhouseswillbebuilthere.1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。Thesongwascomposedbyayoungworker.2.说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣趣(这时可用这时可用by引导出动作的执行者引导出动作的执行者)。TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish.3.动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。Youarerequestedtoattendthemeeting.4.出于礼貌出于礼貌,不愿意说出动作的执行者。不愿意说出动作的执行者。notice1.只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没态。不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。如有被动语态。如：happen,goon,takeplace,belongto,occur,breakout等。等。Correctmistakes:Thisroomisbelongedtome.belongstoThismusicissoundedsweet.sounds2.关于主动形式表达被动含义。关于主动形式表达被动含义。(1)当不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语相同时，当不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语相同时，不定式使用主动形式。不定式使用主动形式。e.g.Ihavemanyquestionstoask.Withsomuchworktodotonight,Ihavetostayathome.e.g.Thiskindoffoodiscrispandtastytoeat.Theyoungmaniseasytogetalongwith.(2)sth/sb.+be+adj.+todo(3)need/want/require/demand/deservedoingbeworthdoing(4)betoblame受责备受责备runoutWhoistoblamefortheaccident？3.有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示被动意义，有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示被动意义，如如：1)open,write,read,sell,wash,measure,clean,burn,record等等。Yourarticlereadswell.ThistypeofcarsellswellinChina.Thishallmeasures100metreslongand60metreswide.bedressed/convinced/seated2)三个特殊（使）动词三个特殊（使）动词3)系动词无被动系动词无被动feel，taste，smell，sound.look，turn，prove等等Thefruittastesgoodandsellswell.Theroomcleansveryeasily.Drywoodburnseasily.Theclothwasheswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.Hisvoicerecordswell.4.双宾语结构。双宾语结构。Thevillagersgavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythevillagers.Awarmwelcomewasgiventotheforeignguestsbythevillagers.give,offer,send,tell,show等可接双宾语的动等可接双宾语的动词变被动语态时，通常我们用词变被动语态时，通常我们用sb作主语，但有作主语，但有时也可以用时也可以用sth作主语。作主语。5.复合宾语结构。复合宾语结构。Theyheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.Someonewasheardsinginginthenextroom.6.be也可以用也可以用get（有时也用有时也用become）表示，常用语口语。表示，常用语口语。疑问否定借助疑问否定借助do/does/didThedaygetslongerandlonger,_?A.doesntitB.isntitA7.在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。如：如：ItissaidthatItisreportedthatItishopedthatItiswellknownthatItisbelievedthatItwasoncethoughtthatItmustbepointedoutthatChangethefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice.1.Allofuslikeher.2.Wearediscussingthequestion.3.Wehaveputoffthemeeting.4.Iwilldevelopmypicturenextweek.Sheislikedbyallofus.Thequestionisbeingdiscussed.Themeetinghasbeenputoff.Mypicturewillbedevelopednextweek.FirefighterscouldbetrainedusingRealCine.1.Theusermustwearspecialgloves.Specialglovesmustbeworn.2.Theusercantouchtheobjectsinthefilm.Theobjectsinthefilmcanbetouched.3.TeacherscoulduseRealCineintheclassroomtoo.RealCinecouldbeusedintheclassroomtoo.4.Theusermayfeelarealsenseofachievementandhappiness.Arealsenseofachievementandhappinessmaybefelt.5.RealCinemightnotattractsomeusers.SomeusersmightnotbeattractedbyRealCine.6.ScientistsoughttodevelopRealCinefurther.RealCineoughttobedevelopedfurther.Someverbsareoftenusedinthepassivevoiceandfunctionlikeadjectives.bebored/born/disappointed/puzzled/excited/pleased/surprised/tired+(adv)1.Thechildrenare_(excite)aboutthecomingholiday.2.Allofuswerevery_(disappoint)lastSaturdayforourteamlostthegame.3.Bothofthemare_(satisfy)withmyarrangement.exciteddisappointedsatisfiedExercise1.TownHallisthetallestbuildinginthecity._fromhere?A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanbeseenitD.Cansee2.Theceremonyhasalreadystarted.Look!Theflagis_now.A.beingraisedB.risenC.beingroseD.raising3.Theassassinationattempt_millions,becausethespeechwasontelevision.A.wasseenbyB.wassawbyC.seenbyD.wasseenfor4.Thethingstalkedaboutinthisreport_overayearago.A.hadtakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace5.TheAnti-JapaneseWar_in1937andit_eightyears.A.wasbrokenout;lastedB.brokeout;lastedC.breakout;lastsD.brokeout;waslasted6.Comeandsitdownbythefire.Yourhand_.A.feelssocoldB.isfeltsocoldlyC.feelssocoldlyD.feelsocold7.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted8.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served9.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken9.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing,people_shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoThe active voiceThe passive voicedo/doesam/is/are doinghas/have donebe going to/will dodidwas/were doinghad doneare/am/isdoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendonebegoingto/willbedonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendoneQuizI:Choosethebestanswer.1.Nodecision_aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.(2008北京北京)A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade2.Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou_thisjob?(2008湖南湖南)Well,Imthinkingaboutthesalary.A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered3.Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs_asbusinesstomakeaprofit.(2008上海上海)A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun4.Thoughwedontknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic_.(2008陕西陕西)A.hadchangedB.willchangeC.waschangedD.hasbeenchanged5.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_manytimesontheradio.(2008安徽安徽)A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught6.Whatsthatnoise?Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_.(2008浙江浙江)A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested7.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfront_toarrive.(2008全国全国I)A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected8.Officialssaythatfewpatients_withthevirusowingtotheeffectiveprevention.(2008上海春上海春)A.infectedB.areinfectedC.haveinfectedD.beinfected9.He_asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountryintheOlympics.(2008重庆重庆)A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded10.Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?Becauselargequantitiesofwater_.(2009福建福建)A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted11._manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.(2009四川四川)A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold12.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_andIwanttolisten.(2009湖南湖南)A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast13.Whydontwechoosethatroadtosavetime?Thebridgetoit_.(2009四川四川)A.hasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired14.Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?Sorry._.(2009江苏江苏)A.ItsrepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.ItsbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired15.Thewaytheguests_inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice.(2009北京北京)A.treated B.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreated16.Hissisterlefthomein1998,and_since.(2009全国全国I)A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof17.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting_atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.(2010天津天津)A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibited18.Thiscoastalarea_anationalwildlifereservelastyear.(2010湖南湖南)A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names19.Linda,makesurethetables_beforetheguestsarrive.(2010全国全国II)A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting20.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_beforeleavingtheirhometowns.(2010福建福建)A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised21.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the“r”soundsattheendofthewords_.(2010北京北京)A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped22.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_.(2010全国全国I)A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade23.Experimentsofthiskind_inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.(2011北京北京)A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted24.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology_byscience.(2011湖南湖南)A.aremakingB.aremadeC.willmakeD.willbemade25.Allvisitorstothisvillage_withkindness.(2011四川四川)A.treatB.aretreatedC.aretreatingD.hadbeentreated26.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_allovertheword.(2011天津天津)A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced27.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam_fourdayslater.(2011上海上海)A.rescuedB.wasrescuedC.hasrescued D.hadbeenrescued28.Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut_.A.willneverreplace(2011安徽安徽)B.wouldneverreplaceC.willneverbereplacedD.wouldneverbereplaced29.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea_.Wemustactimmediatelybeforetheresleft.(2012重庆重庆)A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout30.Thelettersfortheboss_onhisdeskbuthedidntreadthemuntilthreelater.(2012天津天津)A.wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput31.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse_.(2012四川四川)A.isbeingrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.isrebuiltD.hasrebuilt32.Ishonestythebestpolicy?We_thatitiswhenwearelittle.(2012上海上海)A.willteachB.teachC.aretaughtD.willbetaught33.Dontworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow_laterinlife.(2012湖南湖南)A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid34.Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?(2012北京北京)Yes,fortunatelynoone_.A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurtQuizII: Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven.1.I_(give)anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday.2.English_(find)veryuseful.3.Thework_(finish)tomorrow.4.Theflowers_(water)bythemnow.wasgivenisfoundwillbefinishedarebeingwatered5.Therailway_(build)thistimelastyear.6.Therailway_already_(build).7.Thenewrailway_(build)bytheendoflastyear.8.Hetoldmethesportsmeeting_(hold)thenextmonth.9.Rice_(grow)inthesouthoftheStates.wasbeingbuilthasbeenbuilthadbeenbuiltwouldbeheldisgrownQuizIII:CompletethisradionewsreportusingthePassiveformoftheverbsinbrackets.Goodafternoon.Thelunch-timenewstoday(1)_(report)byJohnHoward.ThePrimeMinisterhasvisitedaprimaryschoolinIpswichwherehe(2)_(welcome)bythechildrenandtheirteachers.Heopenedanewsportscentrethat(3)_isreportedwaswelcomedisbeingbuilt(build)withmoneyraisedbytheparentsandteachers.Halfofthemoney(4)_(spend)onbuildingtheplayground.Another20,000(5)_(need)tofinishtheswimmingpoolsomoremoneyraisingactivities(6)_(organize)inthefollowingmonths.isneededwillbeorganizedbeenspenthas1.禁止吸烟。禁止吸烟。_2.Thehouse_(正在上油正在上油漆漆).3.Theflames_(能看到能看到)severalmilesaway.Smokingisnotpermitted.isbeingpaintedQuizIV: Translation.couldbeseen4.乔治被选为班长而非亨利。乔治被选为班长而非亨利。John_presidentoftheclassinsteadofHarry.5.核能已被我们用来发电。核能已被我们用来发电。Nuclearenergy_byus.6.到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。BylastDecemberthreeships_.waselectedhasbeenusedtoproduceelectricityhadbeenbuiltbythemFinishtheexercisesonPages49,50,and51.FinishPartC1andPartC2onPage108.