Part IIReading ComprehensionBook 4-Unit 71Pre-reading TaskComprehension WorkLanguage WorkReading ComprehensionBook 4-Unit 7Return to Menu2Are there any proverbs bound up with time in Are there any proverbs bound up with time in both Chinese and American cultures? both Chinese and American cultures? 1) Time is money. 时间就是金钱。时间就是金钱。/ /一寸光阴一寸金。一寸光阴一寸金。2) Time is life and when the idle man kills time, he kills himself. 时间就是生命，懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命时间就是生命，懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命。3) Time flies like an arrow, and time lost never returns. 光阴似箭，一去不返光阴似箭，一去不返。4) Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。岁月不等人。3Discuss the following questions.Book 4-Unit 7oIf you are late for class, What excuses did you give for your lateness?oWhy is punctuality a necessity in all public affairs in a civilized society? oHave you ever noticed the difference in peoples attitude toward the keeping of time in the rural and urban areas?Suggested Points 4New and Useful Expressions osynthetic fertilizers 化学肥料oPesticides 农药ostick with it 坚持下去5o1. What are the majors Emily Sloss and Maureen Moody in? what are the farming experience they conducted?opublic policy/ supervises the universitys new campus farmowhat makes young people want to become farmers/ she herself is a farmero2. where do the productions in Dukes farm go?oprovided more than two tons of fresh vegetables for student meals/ coming into our cafes6o3. why are farmers now not the people you would traditionally think of?owe didnt grow up on farmso4. what made some young people to consider a career in agriculture?omovies like “Food Inc.” and books critical of American food productiono5. why many who become farmers have difficulty succeeding?ohard to stick with it/its really hard to make any money and to make a living.”7Farming experienceoMany young Americans with no farming experience are entering agriculture. they are learning about agriculture in college. Emily Sloss is showing visitors around Duke Universitys new campus farm in North Carolina.” we dont use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.” Emily Sloss studied public policy at Duke. Now, she supervises the universitys new campus farm. “ now, Im a farmer. Yeah. Believe it or not.” in its first year, the farm has provided more than two tons of fresh vegetables for student meals. Nate Peterson directs the dining halls at Duke.” its phenomenal. The produce that is coming out of the Duke Farm and coming into our cafesis excellent quality. Maureen Moody has studied what makes young people want to become farmers. Now, she herself is a farmer, at the Arcadia Center for sustainable Food and Agriculture near Washington, Dc. “A lot of people that re becoming farmers now are not the people you would traditionally think of as farmers. Me and a lot people I know, we didnt grow up on farms. “Ive been eating this food all my life without having any idea where it comes from.” movies like “Food Inc.” and books critical of American food production have led some young people to consider a career in agriculture. But Maureen Moody says many who become farmers have difficulty succeeding. its really hard to stick with it after a few years. Some do , and I think, you know, they figure out a way to make it work. But its really hard to make any money and to make a living.”8Book 4-Unit 7Suggested Points1.The importance of punctuality a. efficiency (e.g. In factories or offices, some work may involve many people, so if one person is late, the work will have to be postponed.)b. respect (In many cultures, people are expected to be punctual since lateness means wasting other peoples time.)c. competition (e.g. If one store opens and closes at a regular time, people will trust it. Otherwise, customers will be doubtful about its discipline or quality.)d. order (Punctuality certainly is a very important discipline in most workplaces. Otherwise, companies, schools, and offices would be in chaos.)9Book 4-Unit 72. Urban/rural differencesUrban: more punctualPossible reasons: more cooperation, higher efficiency, intense competition, more complex human relationship, etc. (Basically, most jobs in cities are concerned with human relationships; therefore, people have to obey the public rules in order to gain social or economic success.)Rural: less punctualPossible reasons: less competitive or urgent, less sophisticated human relationship, etc. 10oText Organization oProbe the StoryoEssay QuestionsoDifficult SentencesBook 4-Unit 711Book 4-Unit 7Text OrganizationListen to the text and summarize the main idea of each part.Para. 1Para. 2-Para. 5Para. 6 -7Para. 8-Para. 14raising the problem for discussion providing background of the issue beginning to raise his major position on theissuePara. 15-Para. 16conclusion: calling for punctuality management analysis of why “being late” should not be excused in business management in Asian cultures12Probe the StoryBook 4-Unit 71. According to the scholars, what is the Asian concept of time? Asians live more in the ancient past or in the distant future. They view life as a passing moment and prefer a steady pace.2. How do Westerners view time? Westerners live more in the present and the near future. They always have immediate and urgent objectives to achieve with time-pressing schedules or deadlines.13Book 4-Unit 73. What figure of speech does the writer use to illustrate the cultural difference regarding the concept of time? The writer uses a number of metaphors to make his point: neurotic slavery indicates being abnormally bound to tight schedules; the sense of zero gravity refers to the freedom of spending ones time at will; ones life course is compared to a long journey; and the next hill suggests something within reach. 14Book 4-Unit 74. Does the writer agree to the claim that unpunctuality is related to a certain cultural outlook? Why? The writer does not agree to the claim. He thinks that whether a person is punctual or not has nothing to do with his cultural outlook, because observance of time and philosophical perception of time are two different things. 15Book 4-Unit 75. How do Asians and Westerners react to unpunctuality? Asians tend to be more tolerant of bad punctuality and are more ready to accept a latecomers dubious excuses, while Westerners view bad punctuality as an undesirable practice and believe that it shows that a person is not trustworthy or dependable.16Book 4-Unit 76. What is the writers view on punctuality in the business world? The writer thinks that in daily life it is up to an individual whether to be punctual or not, but in an office environment people must respect the keeping of time.17Book 4-Unit 77. Should a manager ignore unpunctuality in his/ her office? What, in the writers view, should the manager do? Generally, a manager should not take the academic concept that to require punctuality of his/her employees is intolerant of culture. He or she must strive to break bad habits through repeated counseling. 18Essay QuestionsBook 4-Unit 7oDiscuss questions on page 123 and then write down your opinions in the exercise book.19Scholars tell us that Westerners and Asians approach time differently oapproach time differently: have different understanding about time1.to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude 2. to move towards or nearer to someone or something 20Book 4-Unit 71. Asians try to avoid a neurotic slavery to time, viewing life as a passing moment in eternity. The enjoy the sense of “zero gravity” that comes from travelling without an immediate goal or an urgent objective.亚洲人尽力避免成为神经质的时间奴隶。在他们看来，生活只是永亚洲人尽力避免成为神经质的时间奴隶。在他们看来，生活只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那种恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那种“失重失重”感感, 没有近期没有近期目标，也没有紧急任务。目标，也没有紧急任务。 an attitude in life which makes one bound to busy schedules, rush to meet the deadlines all the time so that one has no leisure or freedom to enjoy lifea concept from physics. It means a situation in which anobject is not subject to the pull of a mass, like the experience of the spaceman walking in the spacetime without end; the state of time after death, which is said to be for ever 21But how does this insight, so studiously compiled by academics, relate to the need for punctuality in the office? oInsight: understanding of something or part of something, especially a complicated situation or idea ;the ability to understand and realize what people or situations are really like ostudiously: spending a lot of time studying and reading: oCompile: collect (information) and arrange (in a book, list, report, etc) oParaphrase: this understanding is worked out seriously by the scholars, but how was this understanding connected with the requirement for keeping the proper time in the office?22Book 4-Unit 71. To many Asians, life is a long journey and happiness is simply not a matter of time. 对许多亚洲人来说，生活是一次漫长的旅行对许多亚洲人来说，生活是一次漫长的旅行,幸福绝对不是幸福绝对不是一个一个时间时间问题问题。 be a matter of + (life and death, opinion, personal taste/choice/preference, principle) No article or plural form is used with these nouns in this structure. V-ing form can be used in place of the noun. e.g. 1. Doctor, please come quickly; its a matter of life and death. 生意的成功不仅只是知道何时去抓住机遇。生意的成功不仅只是知道何时去抓住机遇。Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to grab a chance.23Should we extrapolate from this difference in cultural outlook that its justified for some employees to be tardy in todays office life? oextrapolate: to use facts about the present or about one thing or group to make a guess about the future or about other things or groups oextrapolate (something) from something o从现在的趋势推出将来的发展是可能的。oIt is possible to extrapolate future developments from current trends.ojustify: to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable.oParaphrase: should we have the conclusion that for the different culture, being late for the work is reasonable for some employees?24On the surface, it might seem that a manager may have to be more tolerant about punctuality with some cultural groups than others. tolerant about/of / towards sb. / sth.: having or showing tolerance What does it refer to?25Book 4-Unit 72. But this is unwarranted in an urban civilization. It would give credence to the academic literature that implies the time orientation in such a culture is inferior to that in the West.但是这在城市文明中是站不住脚的，它会使人相信此种文化的时但是这在城市文明中是站不住脚的，它会使人相信此种文化的时间观念比西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。间观念比西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。 Credentials; the acceptance of something as true ;Give/attach credence to something :to believe or accept something as true a tendency of thought; a general inclinatione.g. a Marxist orientation 马克思主义倾向马克思主义倾向unjustified ; groundlesse.g. unwarranted interference 无理干涉无理干涉Paraphrase: It would show that the academics theory (that the Asian time orientation is inferior to that of the West) is true 26This confuses two entirely different things: observance of punctuality and the philosophical perception of time oobservance of :when someone obeys a law or does something because it is part of a religion, custom, or ceremonyoObservance of Peace Agreement.27A persons belief that time is measured in centuries rather than in seconds has nothing to do with his ability to show up on time at the office every day.oshow up: arrive, often after a delay; appear oIt was ten oclock when he finally showed up.oidioms show sb. up: make sb. feel embarrassed by behaving badly in his company 因举止失当使某人羞与为伍show (sth.) up:（cause sth.）to become visible （使某物）显现出来 o他在音乐会上睡着，使我出尽洋相。oHe showed me up by falling asleep at the concert. 28Comparison:o1) The suggestion which / that was put up by his friend took possession of his mind.o2) The suggestion that the meeting be postponed was accepted.oIn the first sentence, which or that acts as the subject of the clause, and is a relative pronoun, while that in the second sentence is merely a conjunction. 29He may certainly employ more modern excuses such as a traffic jam, a slow watch, or a parking problem to use a particular object, method, skill etc in order to achieve something; eg: The report examines teaching methods employed in the classroom.30The problem, perhaps, is that in our social life in Asia we tend to be more tolerant of friends and relatives who make us wait for half an hour at a downtown rendezvous if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again: a place where two or more people have arranged to meet 31Book 4-Unit 74. We do not think that they are taking our friendship or affection for granted. 我们认为他们不会不我们认为他们不会不把把我们的友谊和亲情我们的友谊和亲情当回当回事儿事儿。 accept a fact, action, etc. without questioningtake it for granted that + clause take sth./sb. for granted很多年轻人都把父母的爱当作是理所当然的。很多年轻人都把父母的爱当作是理所当然的。 a. Many young people take their parents love for granted. 32Book 4-Unit 75. We do not consider them guilty of disrespect. 我们认为他们也不会我们认为他们也不会为失礼为失礼感到内疚感到内疚。 be guilty of/at: ashamed of + n./v-ing e.g. I may have been guilty of neglecting my family at times, and I feel very bad about that.5. 那些没有良知的人是不会为他们的罪行感到内疚的。那些没有良知的人是不会为他们的罪行感到内疚的。Those who are without consciences wont be guilty of their crimes.33What is worse, we let them exonerate themselves with dubious excuses. oexonerate somebody from/of something 他对那起事故完全免责。He was exonerated from all the responsibility for the accident.state officially that someone who has been blamed for something is not guilty 34Book 4-Unit 73. But how we react to latecomers in our social lives is a matter of individual choice. In the world of modern business we cannot afford that flexibility.可是，如何对待社会生活中的那些迟到者却是个人问可是，如何对待社会生活中的那些迟到者却是个人问题；而在现代商业领域，我们不容许有这种灵活性。题；而在现代商业领域，我们不容许有这种灵活性。This means that in the business world everyone must observe punctuality.35Nobody minds if a person is late to work once in a blue moon very rarely or never Eg: There is a chance once in a blue moon 36Punctuality should not be allowed to become a fad oFad: something that people like or do for a short time, or that is fashionable for a short time oParaphrase: punctuality should not become a fashion for a short time, while it should be treated seriously as a discipline.37Book 4-Unit 74. Some companies may choose to stagger the opening and closing time for their offices to enable employees to avoid the rush hour. But that does not mean there is no longer a need for punctuality.一些公司可能会主动改变上下班时间，以使雇员能够避一些公司可能会主动改变上下班时间，以使雇员能够避开交通高峰期。但那并不是说就不再需要守时。开交通高峰期。但那并不是说就不再需要守时。to arrange peoples working hours,holidays etc so that they do not allbegin and end at the same time: e.g. staggered the nurses shifts 护士护士互相交错值班互相交错值班.a period ofheavy traffic stagger the opening and closing time: arrange the opening and closing time differently for staff so that they dont need to come to work or leave the company all at the same time38A manager should try to break their bad habits through counselling, repeatedly if required. oparaphrase :A manager should try to make them give up their bad habits by talking to the latecomers until they understand the importance of punctuality in the modern business world, if it is necessary he should repeat doing this.formal to advise someone counsel somebody to do something Eg:She counselled them not to accept this settlement.39Book 4-Unit 76. A manager should try to break their bad habits through counselling, repeatedly if required. 管理者应该试图通过管理者应该试图通过劝告劝告必要的话可必要的话可反复教育反复教育来来改变改变他们的坏习惯他们的坏习惯。 break/kick a habit: get rid of their bad habits; make a habit of doing sth.e.g. The professor hoped the students would break their habit of looking for essay answers. 40pIn Other WordspWork with SentencespWord StudyBook 4-Unit 741Book 4-Unit 7In Other Words 1. He said on the eve of the New Year that he wanted to make a list of New Year resolutions. But, his sister sneered and said that she was _ about his decision. 2. Movies that are nothing but _ of sentimental love have little appeal to todays audience. 3. Some editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide _ details of famous peoples private life.4. The Prime Minister delivered a speech to _ the governments decision to participate in the UN peace keeping action.Fill in the blanks with the following words. (page 124)untrustworthy dubiousinsightjustifyunwarrantedclichediscardfad42Book 4-Unit 75. Years of experience as a salesman gave him a /an _ in to the toughness of the business world. 6. Mrs. Jones always finds her cleaning maids _ and she hires and dismisses them with such a frequency that she has never got a chance to remember their names.7. Language students should, first of all, _ the misconception that they can learn a language with clear and ultimate success.8. Travelling to remote areas, or even to unhabitated regions has become a/an _ among city dwellers. untrustworthydiscardinsightfadunwarrantedjustifydubiouscliche43Work with SentencesBook 4-Unit 71. Many people tried their luck in the lottery, though they knew the probability of winning the first prize was quite slim.2. Those who recklessly destroy rainforests should feel ashamed for their stupid act.3. The earth has offered all it has to nourish human beings, but they just benefit from it without showing any gratefulness in return. once in a blue moon.guilty Rewrite the sentences with the expressions in the box. (page 124)take for granted be guilty of show up on the surfacedisregard as break ones habit inferior to once in a blue moontake the generosity of the planet for granted.44Book 4-Unit 74. Goods on sale are not necessarily poorer in quality than those sold at normal prices.5. Primates are seemingly the suitable candidate for xenotransplants, but the same viruses that infect monkeys and apes are very likely to infect humans.6. The host had expected thirty guests but finally more than forty arrived at the party.7. Bad habits are easy to make but difficult to eliminate.8. Experts in education do not think boys assertiveness is the only reason for classroom sexism.On the surface, primates are the suitable candidate forshowed up at the party.Bad habits are easy to make but difficult to break.Experts in education disregard boys assertiveness as the only reason for classroom sexism.Goods on sale are not necessarily inferior in quality to those sold at normal prices.45Word Study (page 125)Book 4-Unit 71.Study the words or expressions in Part a together with the models in Part b.2.Explain the words or expressions based on the model sentences. Then translate the model sentences into Chinese. 3.Finish Part b: Use the prompts to produce sentences.46Book 4-Unit 71. a. To many people, skating is just a matter of practice. b. Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience. c. 1. To many Asians, life is a long journey and happiness is simply not a matter of time. 47Book 4-Unit 72. On the surface, it might seem that a manager may have to be more tolerant about punctuality with some cultural groups than others. 表面上看来，管理者会不得不对表面上看来，管理者会不得不对一些文化群体比对另一些文化群一些文化群体比对另一些文化群体在守时方面更体在守时方面更宽容宽容一些。一些。 allowing people to behave in a way that may not please one, without becoming annoyed2. a. Theres a general feeling that the president has been too tolerant of corruption. b. It seems that people in this town are more tolerant of children in public places. c. It is said that her own mistakes made her very tolerant towards the faults of others. 48Book 4-Unit 73. But this is unwarranted in an urban civilization.但是这在城市文明但是这在城市文明中是中是站不住脚的站不住脚的。 unwarranted + (interference/intrusion/criticism, etc.) without good reason, not with just causee.g. He accused the police of using unwarranted brutality.3. a. The company director claimed such criticism was unwarranted and unjust. b. Such fears are completely unwarranted now. c. The white, male supremacy in the West is totally unwarranted in todays civilized world.49Book 4-Unit 7Return to Menu50个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论