时时 态态 解解 析析( (现在时态现在时态) )一一 般般 现现 在在 时时v一.构成:一般用动词的原形表示,主语为第三人称时,动词要发生相应的变化.v二.用法v1.描述经常性或习惯性动作或表示存在的状态.句中常带有表频率的时间状语:always, everyday, often, once a week, sometimes, seldom, usually, never等.v例如vHe likes music very much.vNanjing is a beautiful city.vShe seldom goes to cinema.陈述客观事实或普遍真理陈述客观事实或普遍真理vThe sun rises in the east.vThe earth goes around the sun.vAmericans speak English.按规定计划安排好要发生的动作,常用arrive, go, come, return, leave, start, begin, stop, end, close, sail, be,等动词例如:vThe train to Beijing leaves at 10:00 a.m.vThe plane from China leaves at 6.p.m.vShe comes back tonight.vI leave for Yunnan next Monday.一般性的说明文字一般性的说明文字,常用于现场解常用于现场解说说,新闻标题等新闻标题等,着重描述着重描述,报道事报道事实实.vChairman Hu Jingtao gets a warm welcome in Hongkong.vThe book says that women can live longer than men.一般现在时常用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来.常用的连词有when, before, if, as soon as, till, until, unless等.vIll tell him the news when he comes back.vIf it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.vLets wait until he comes.现现 在在 进进 行行 时时v一一.构成构成:vam, is, are +doingv二二.用法用法:v1.说话时动作正在进行说话时动作正在进行vWe are having English lesson now.vThe students are listening carefully.v当前阶段正在发生的动作或事情当前阶段正在发生的动作或事情(说话时动作不一定正在进行说话时动作不一定正在进行)vMr Hu is teaching us physics.vShe is reading a novel these days.vMore and more people are giving up smoking.v与频度副词连用与频度副词连用,表示一种抱怨，表示一种抱怨，批评或赞许，喜欢的语气批评或赞许，喜欢的语气.常与常与Always, forever, all the time等等连用连用vShe is always speaking ill of others. (抱怨抱怨,厌恶厌恶)vJohn is always thinking of others.(赞许赞许)v表示即将发生的动作,或最近安排或计划要进行的动作,局限与少数表示瞬间动作的动词,如:go, come, leave, stay, arrive, dine, return, fly, start, begin, die, lose, do等.例如:vIm dinning out with my friends this evening.vThe old man is dying.vMy uncle is coming back abroad.vShe is leaving tomorrow.v注意注意:表感官动作表感官动作,心理状态心理状态,情情感或存在状态的动词不能使用现感或存在状态的动词不能使用现在进行时在进行时.v感官类感官类:see, hear, smell, feel, look, seem等等v情感类情感类:hate, love, like, want, wish等等v存在状态类存在状态类:exist, be, remain, stay等等v占有与从属类占有与从属类:have, belong to, possess, consist等等现现 在在 完完 成成 时时v一.构成:have/ has +donev二.用法:v1.过去的动作对现在的影响,常与already, yet等连用.v例如:vNearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching.vI have lost my pen.(影响:现在无笔可用)vI have had my lunch.(影响:我现在不饿)v表示从过去某一个时间开始一直表示从过去某一个时间开始一直持续到现在及动作的反复发生持续到现在及动作的反复发生,常与常与once, so far, up to now, in the past few years, since, recently, for等一段时间连用等一段时间连用.例例如如:vUp to now, I have collected all the data that I need.vShe has lived here since 1990.vHe has studied English for 10 years.v现在完成时常用于下列句型现在完成时常用于下列句型:vIt is / has been +some time+ sincevIt is the + + thatvThat / This / It is the onlyvIt has been 5 years since that terrible accident happened to her.vIt is the third time that you have been late for morning assembly.vThis is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.v现在完成时里，现在完成时里， 短暂性动词不短暂性动词不与一段时间连用与一段时间连用.vThey _ here for more than a month.vA. have arrived vB. have reachedvC. have come vD. have beenDv区别区别: :现在完成时与一般现在完成时与一般过去时的区别过去时的区别v1.现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果现在的影响或产生的结果.而一而一般过去时般过去时 只限于表示过去动作本只限于表示过去动作本身身,与结果无关与结果无关.例如例如:vHe has bought a house.vHe bought a house. He has been ill for a week. He was ill for a week. 2.现在完成时不可与表示特定过去现在完成时不可与表示特定过去时间的副词连用，如时间的副词连用，如Ago, then, yesterday,但一般过去时可以但一般过去时可以.例例如如: vHe has worked here last year. vHe worked here last year. FTv3.现在完成时不可与疑问副词现在完成时不可与疑问副词when连用连用,而一般过去时可以而一般过去时可以.例如例如:vWhen has he come? vWhen did he come? FTiT v4.现在完成时可以同现在完成时可以同包括现在在包括现在在内内的时间状语连用的时间状语连用,而一般过去而一般过去时则不可以时则不可以.vIt has been hot this summer.vIt was hot this summer.说话时仍在夏天说话时仍在夏天说明夏天已经过去说明夏天已经过去现现 在在 完完 成成 进进 行行 时时v一一.构成构成: have/ has +been +doingv二二.用法用法:v1.现在完成进行时可以用来表示现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一个动作从过去某时开始,一直一直延续到说话时刻还在进行延续到说话时刻还在进行.这一这一用法常与表示一段时间的状语连用法常与表示一段时间的状语连用用,如如for two years, vsince early morning, these few days 等等.v例如例如:vI have been translating this article for two hours.vHes been trying to work out the answer since early morning.v有时有时,用了表示一段时间的状语用了表示一段时间的状语,但由于上下文关系但由于上下文关系,现在完成进现在完成进行时也可以表示动作到说话时已行时也可以表示动作到说话时已经停止经停止,但对现在仍有影响但对现在仍有影响.例如例如:vIm very tired. Ive been playing basketball since breakfast.vHe has been working too hard.v重复的动作表示感情色彩重复的动作表示感情色彩v有时候有时候,现在完成进行时不是指现在完成进行时不是指某个动作一直在不停地进行某个动作一直在不停地进行,而而是表示一直到说话时为止的一段是表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作时间内一再重复的动作,常带有常带有感情色彩感情色彩.vShe has been saying that many times.现在完成进行时和现在完成时现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较的比较现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示动作已经完成表示动作已经完成 表示动作迄今为止表示动作迄今为止的一段时间内曾经的一段时间内曾经延续进行或目前动延续进行或目前动作正在进行作正在进行强调动作的结果强调动作的结果强调动作持续进行强调动作持续进行的情景的情景vI have watered the flowers. (已完成已完成)vI have been watering the flowers.(未完成未完成,一直在浇一直在浇)vHe has read this book. (已读已读完完)vHe has been reading this book.(未读完未读完)v不以内关于进行时态的状态动词不以内关于进行时态的状态动词,知觉动词或情感动词知觉动词或情感动词(如如know, love等等)不可用于现在完成进行不可用于现在完成进行时时,但可用于现在完成时但可用于现在完成时.vI have known her for a long time.vI have been knowing her for a long time.TFvI havent seen him these days.vI havent been seeing him these days.v许多时候，尤其是在口语话中，许多时候，尤其是在口语话中，现在完成时和现在完成进行时可现在完成时和现在完成进行时可以互用以互用TF2006高考试题链接高考试题链接1. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more. A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live2. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 4. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going5. -I dont suppose the police know who did it. - Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned6. My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served7. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off8. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for more than an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked9. Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering D. have uncovered10. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _ the matter. A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over2000-2005 高考试题高考试题1. (2000全国全国) The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though 2. (2001春季春季) The men will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster. A. if B. unless C. whether D. that3. (2001春季春季) Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken4. (2001春季春季) Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose5. (2002上海上海) He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate6. (2003北京北京) Come and see me whenever _. A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you7. (2004重庆卷重庆卷) You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however8. (2005安徽卷安徽卷) You must keep on working in the evening _ you are sure you can finish the task in time. A. as B. if C. when D. unless9.（2005全国卷）全国卷）What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is rainingHave you done a good job?Homework1. Review grammar and usage.2. Finish grammar-related exercises in workbook.3. Preview Task.