Appositive Clause1What kind of noun clauses are they?1.What it was to become was a mystery.2.2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.名名词词性性从从句句2Mr. Liu, our Chinese teacher, is a charming gentleman.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 同位语（同位语（appositive appositive ）同位语从句同位语从句（appositive clauseappositive clause）Lead-in3 名词性从句名词性从句 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中同位语从句在句中- 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there.4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句4a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信It is known to all that从所周知从所周知It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ that-从句从句It appears that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 注意：注意： 用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that- 从句有以下几组：从句有以下几组：51. It is well known that a big earthquake struck Japan on 11, March.2. The reason why it happened is that the continents are moving.3. What surprised me most was that a large number of cars were washed away by the water.4. A large number of people were homeless, and I have no idea whether they can rebuild their home.5. The news that our country has offered help makes me proud.6. I think it our duty to do what we can (do) to help them.6 同位语从句同位语从句1.概念概念:在复合句中作在复合句中作_的同位语的名词性从句。的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能功能:同位语从句对该抽象名词进一步解释，说明名词同位语从句对该抽象名词进一步解释，说明名词的的_。3.用法用法: 常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有:4.连词连词: that/whether/who/ which what/when/where/why/howfact_/ idea_ /reason _ /thought_ /doubt_/news_/hope_/belief_/message_/decision _ / warning_/information_ order_ / promise_ / possibility_ /evidence_ 事实事实 想法想法 理由理由想法想法疑惑疑惑 消息消息希望希望信念信念消息消息决定决定警告警告信息信息命令命令诺言诺言可能性可能性证据证据抽象名词抽象名词具体内容具体内容事实，真相7 I. 名词性从句的引导词：名词性从句的引导词：1.连接词连接词 ：that、if、whether不作成分不作成分无意义无意义2. 连接代词连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which 、 whoever, whatever3. 连接副词：连接副词： when、 where、why、how“是否是否” 作状语作状语作主作主/宾宾/表表8 主语从句主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从从 句句引导词引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain. 主语太长了主语太长了!放到句尾放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What “什么什么”, “所所.的的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候什么时候”主语从句不用主语从句不用 if位于句首位于句首主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It9连接词连接词that引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用.He told me the news that he would come home from abroad soon.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.如果从句句子如果从句句子意思完整且是确定的事情意思完整且是确定的事情应该应该用用_来引导来引导.that10只用只用whether引导引导,不用不用if.连接词连接词whether引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句如果从句意思不完整且表示如果从句意思不完整且表示不确定的事情不确定的事情(含含“是否是否”之意之意)，应该用，应该用_来引导来引导.whether He must answer the question _ he agrees to it or not.whether11连接词代词连接词代词what/which/who 引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个我不知道该选哪个.1.The question _ should go abroad hasnt been decided yet.2. I have no idea _ one I should choose.whichwho(定语定语)(主语主语)在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分12连接词副词连接词副词when/where/why/how引导同位引导同位语从句并分别充当语从句并分别充当_状语状语.1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2. 我们还没决定好去哪儿我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.Ive got a good idea _ they left early.2.The question _ we should go has not been decided.whywhere时间时间/地点地点/原因原因/方式方式135. 注意事项：注意事项：(1)同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所要说明的名词后面，而是被别的词要说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，这种从句叫隔开，这种从句叫分隔式同位语从分隔式同位语从句。句。Word came that their team had won.The whole truth came out at last that it was a wolf in sheeps clothing.14(2) 表示表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”等的名词等的名词（如（如suggestion, advice, order, request等）后接同位语从句时，从句用等）后接同位语从句时，从句用虚拟虚拟语气语气，从句的谓语动词常用，从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形动词原形” 结构，结构，should 可以省略。可以省略。Our teacher gave advice that we (should) make use of every chance to speak English.He gave the order that the patient _（send) to hospital without delay.(should) be sent15(3) 当当doubt 作名词用于作名词用于肯定句肯定句中中，其，其后的同位语从句引导词用后的同位语从句引导词用whether; 如如果是果是否定句否定句/疑问句疑问句，则用，则用that.There is some doubt _their football team will win the match.There is no/little doubt _they will agree with you on this matter.Thats all.whetherthat16 同位语从句与同位语从句与that引导引导的定语从句的区别是什的定语从句的区别是什么么? 该如何区分呢该如何区分呢?17三三.如何区别由如何区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句引导的定语从句和同位语从句1.定语从句中定语从句中that，代词代词，可在从句中作，可在从句中作主、宾、表主、宾、表同位语从句中同位语从句中that, 连词连词，无成分无意义无成分无意义The news that our team has won the game was true.The news that he told me yesterday was true. 2.定义：定义：定语从句定语从句-对先行词加以修饰限定，与先行词对先行词加以修饰限定，与先行词 是修饰与被修饰的关系。是修饰与被修饰的关系。 同位语从句同位语从句-对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是 名词全部内容的体现。名词全部内容的体现。18 判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1. The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.2. The news that we got last week is true.3. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.4. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. (定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)191. （09江西）江西）The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though2. The suggestion _he raised at the meeting is very good. A. which B. that C. what D. /3. The suggestion _ the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good. A. which B. that C. what D. /20总结总结:1)同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该 名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词 idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后等抽象名词之后 2)连接词连接词that不能省略不能省略,无意义无成分；无意义无成分； 3)用用whether而不用而不用if引导同位语从句引导同位语从句 4)连接代词连接代词who, which, what在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语宾语、表语或定语; 连接副词连接副词where, when, why, how在在从句作状语。从句作状语。 21回顾名词性从句回顾名词性从句考点考点： . 语序问题语序问题. 连接词连接词that,what ,which , whether, if, who, whom,whose, whatever ,whichever,whoever ,whomever,whoseverwhen, where, why, how . it 作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法. 时态问题时态问题 . 同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气. 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题重重点点8 含有插入语的名词性从句含有插入语的名词性从句22Are you clear now?Are you clear now?OK . Lets do some exercises!OK . Lets do some exercises!231. (09江西江西33) The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though2. (09四川四川7) News came from the school office _Wang Lin had beenadmitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where243. It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow. A. if B. whether C. that D. what4. He made a suggestion that we_ money to the people in the south. A. give B. gave C. would give D. could give255. There is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether6. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. that B. what that C. that what D. whether267. The news _ he told us yesterday is not true, but the news _ our team has won the match is true. A. /; that B. that; / C. that; which D. that; whoAThats all !27