英国概略英国概略Chapter1GeneralIntroductiontoPhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUKTheLocationsoftheUKThePhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUKRiversandMountainsClimateandweatherPopulationTheMajorCitiesExercisesandAnswersFocusquestionsWhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate?Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof?WhatisthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedKingdom?WheredomostBritishpeoplelive?WhatisthemostdenselypopulatedareaofBritain?Whatistheleastpopulated?WhatarethemajorcitiesinBritain?ThreetermsBritishIslesBritainGreatBritainTwolargeislandsseveralsmallonesTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.England,WalesScotlandThecomplicatedfullnameoftheUKTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandFourparts:EnglandScotlandWalesNorthernIrelandUnionJackUnionJackThemapoftheUKThelocationoftheUKBritainissituatedinwesternEuropeandisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDoverandtheEnglishChannel.Itisaninsularcountry.Itscoastlineruns12,429km,Itisoneofthecountrieswithlongestcoastline.TothewestofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.ThePhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUKVariedlandscapeFlatlandsinEnglandMountainsinScoltlandandWalesEnglandEnglandAflatlandcountry,alsocalledLowlandzonePennines:thebackboneofEnglandLakedistrictHighlyurbanized-80%ofpopulationlivingincities-only2%workinginagriculturePhysicallylargestwithlargestpopulationDominancein:size/culture/economy-takeEnglandforUKLakeDistrict ascenicspotinNorthWestascenicspotinNorthWestEnglandEngland ApopularholidaydestinationApopularholidaydestination beingfamousforitslakesandbeingfamousforitslakesanditsmountainsitsmountains itsassociationswiththeearlyitsassociationswiththeearly19thcenturypoetryand19thcenturypoetryandwritingsofWilliamWordsworthwritingsofWilliamWordsworthandotherpoets.andotherpoets.WilliamWordswortharomanticpoetappointedpoetlaureatein1843LivingintheLakedistrictafter179717701850ScotlandScotlandAmountainouscountrythreenaturalzones:TheHighlandsinthenorththecentralLowlandsthesouthernUplandsBenNevis:thehighestmountainintheUKAcountryofcastlesThehighlandsinScotland：sparselypopulated,withmanymountainrangesdominatingtheregion,andincludingthehighestmountainintheBritishIsles,BenNevisThefilm:BraveHeartBenNevis(1343metershigh)AirthcastleA14thcenturycastle,aspaandaScottishcastleaccommodation,oneofthemostpopularplacesforScottishcastleweddings.Stirlingcastleabout30milesfromGlasgowand40milesfromEdinburghAlonghistory,animportantfortificationandthesiteofmanysiegesandbattles,standingoutforitsimposinglocationandstoriedhistoryWalesWalesamountainouscountryinthewestofGreatBritain.takeinguplessthan9%ofthewholeisland.NorthernIrelandSmallestamongthefournationsinBritainMostlyrural,lowhills,beautifullakeinthesouth-west,ruggedcoastlineGiantscauseway(巨人之路)(1)The8thNaturalWonderoftheWorld(suburbofBelfast)，SixtymillionyearsagonGiantsCauseway2n-astretchofbasalticrockpillarsweatheredtodifferentheightsandpresentingasteppedsurfaceonthenorthcoastofNorthernIreland.37,000columnsformedbycoolinglava.n-legend:FinnMaCoolbuiltittocrosstheseatoScotlandGiantscauseway3Prodigiousskills(鬼斧神工)ofNature:ClimateandWeatherAmaritimetypeofclimate:rainy,changeableandunpredictablerarelyrisingabove32insummerorfallsbelow10inwinter.mildwintersandcoolsummersPopulationThetotalpopulation:about62000000(2021)Highlyurbanized:80%livingincitiesand20%livinginthecourysideThemostdenselypopulatedarea:EnglandTheleastpopulatedarea:NorthernIrelandAmultiracialsocietywhichproducesapopulationofwhich1in20areofnon-Europeanethnicity.Theofficiallanguage:EnglishMountainsandRiversPennines:Chiefmountainranges:theCambrianstheGrampiainsTheGrampians:thelargestmountianrangeintheUKBenNevis:thehighestmountainintheUKThelongestriverinEngland:RiverSevern220miles，354km)NEWSEVERNBRIDGE:thelongestbridgeintheUK,connectingWalesandEnglandAnimportantriverinBritain:RiverThamesthesecondlongestriverintheUnitedKingdomandthelongestriverentirelyinEnglandbestkownforflowingthroughcentralLondonitsstrategicpositionatthecentreofmanyeventsinBritishhistoryamajorleisureareasupportingtourismandpleasureoutingsaswellasthesportsofrowing,sailing.aspecialappealtowriters,artists,musiciansandfilm-makersandiswellrepresentedintheartsmanyriversideattractions:LondonEye,towerofLondon,HouseofParliament,etc.DescriptionofRiverThamesbyT.S.Eliot(1888-1965)SweetThamesrunsoftly,tillIendmysong.Theriverbearsnoemptybottles,sandwichpapers,Silkhandkerchiefs,cardboardboxescigaretteendsOrothertestimonyofsummernights.andTheriversweatsOilandtarThebargesdriftWiththeturningtideRedsailsWideToleeward,swingontheheavyspar,ThebargeswashDriftinglogsDownGreenwichreachPasttheIsleofDogsMajorcitiesLondonLiverpoolCardiffBelfastLondon-seatofgovernment-centerofculture-businesscenter-industrialcenter-largestpopulation-hometoallmedia-galleries,theatres,museums-combiningfunctionsofNewYork,Washington&LosAngeles-Oneofthefourleaingcitiesintheworld:NewYork,Paris,TokyoLondonThecapital,thelargestportandthelargestcityinBritainTheCityofLondon+InnerLondon+OuterLondon=GreaterLondonThecommercialcenter:theWestEndThepoliticalcenter:theCityofWebminster(Downingstreet,BuckinghamPalace)Theculturalcenter:LondonUniversity(thebiggest)ThecenterofLaborMovement(Chartism)宪章运动TheOlympicsgamestobeheldherein2019TheLondonEyeaheightofmetres(443ft),thelargestFerriswheelinEuropethemostpopularpaidtouristattractionintheUnitedKingdom,BigBenthelargestfour-facedchimingclock,thethird-tallestfree-standingclocktowerintheworld,Itscelebrationofits150thanniversaryinMay2021TowerBridgeaniconicsymbolofLondonCarriesmotorvehicles,cyclists,pedestriansCrossesThamesTotallength244metres(801ft)Opened30June1894alarge,mainlyGothicchurch,inWestminster,LondonthetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialsiteformonarchsofCommonwealthRealmsTrafalgarsquareTrafalgarsquareasquareincentralLondonatouristattractionWaterloobridgeTube/subwayWaterlooBridgeWaterlooBridgeStarring:VivienLeigh,RobertTaylorDirectedbyMervynLeRoy.ProducedbySidneyFranklinSynopsisBasedontheplaybyPulitzerPrize-winningplaywrightRobertE.Sherwood,WATERLOOBRIDGEstarsVivienLeighasMyra,ashyballerinawhoselifeisirrevocablyalteredinwar-tornLondon.ItsloveatfirstsightwhenMyrameetshandsome,aristocraticBritishofficerRoyCronin(RobertTaylor)inthemidstofanairraid.Thecouplesoonplanstowed,butCroniniscalledtothefront,andshortlythereafteranewspaperreportshisdeath.Forcedoutofballetschool,aloneanddestitute,Myraturnstoprostitution.Whenshediscoversthatthenewspaperreportwasinaccurate,MyraisunabletotellCroninaboutherprofessionallife,andtragedyensues.This10-handkerchiefweeperwasdirectedbyMervynLeRoy.JosephRuttenbergsphotographyisbeautiful,asistheinspiredsoundtrackbyHerbertStothart(THEWIZARDOFOZ),butwhatmakesWATERLOOBRIDGEisLeighsstunningperformanceandtheveryrealchemistrybetweenherandRobertTaylor.STPaulsCathedrallanAnglicancathedralltheseatoftheBishopofLondonloneofLondonsmostfamousandmostrecognisablesightsEdinburghthecapitalcityofScotlandeconomiccenterofScotlandatouristcitysecondonlytoLondoninU.K.aculturalcity，holdinganinternationalfestivalofmusicandtheartseveryyearThenewcityofEdinburghEdiburghcastleThesymbolofEdiburghsituatedonamoundofvolcanicrockoneofScotlandsoldestcastles,unequalledinthewholeoftheBritishIslesaremarkablefortress,thehistoricalinterestofandformerroyalresidence,visitedannuallybyapproximatelyonemillionpeopleNovisittoEdinburghiscompletewithoutavisittoEdinburghCastleCastlesinEdiburghLiverpoolThesecondlargestportofEnglandAmetropolitancityCardiffThecapitalcityofWalesAportBelfastThecapitalofNorthernIrelandAnindudtrialseaportthewheelofBelfastBelfastcityhallExercisesThefullnameoftheUnitedKingdomis_and_.TheislandofGreatBritainismadeupof_,_and_.TheUnitedKingdomhasbeenamemberof_since1973.Britainisnowa_societywhichproducesapopulationofwhich1in20areof_ethnicity.Londonplaysasignificantrolein_economicandculturallife.Itsnotonlythefinancial_ofthenation,butalsooneofthe_majorinternationalfinancialcenters_.ThehighestmountaininBritainis_flowsthrouthcentralLondonanditisaveryimportantriver._isthecapitalofScotland.AnswersTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritaintheNorthernIrelandEngland,Scotland,WalesEuropeanUnionMultiracial,non-EuropeanBritains,center,three,intheworldBenNevisThamesriverEdinburgh