主旨概括题的阅读主旨概括题的阅读技巧技巧12012014 4年高考说明中关于阅读理解的要求年高考说明中关于阅读理解的要求 主要测试考生理解书面英语和完成相关任主要测试考生理解书面英语和完成相关任务的目标，具体目标：务的目标，具体目标：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和推理；、作出简单判断和推理；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图、观点和态度、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。抓主旨明细节猜词义做推断2What is the text mainly about?Whats the main idea/point of the passage?This passage mainly deals with _.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? The aim of the writer is to show that _.v Main Ideav TopicThe best title/headline for this passage is _.The passage can be entitled _. v PurposeWhats the purpose of writing the passage? Whats the real concern of the writer of this article?The passage convinces the reader that _.What is the message conveyed in the story?3How to get the to get the main idea main idea ?Key WordTopic Sentence4 People have different tastes in food. People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fastlive on what were called fast- -foods: a foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.soft drink. People have different tastes in food. People have different tastes in food. SomeSome feel that they havent eaten a meal feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red unless they have had steak or other red meat. meat. SomeSome prefer chicken or fish and eat prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. one or the other at every meal. OthersOthers prefer vegetables and fruits or grains prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. eggplant, and fresh fruit. OthersOthers could could live on what were called fastlive on what were called fast- -foods: a foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.soft drink. People have different tastes in food.People have different tastes in food.1Tip: 在大多数情况下在大多数情况下, ,主题句位于段首主题句位于段首( (), ,其它其它各句逐步展开各句逐步展开, ,可能有：可能有： take.for example; some.the others.take.for example; some.the others.Topic Sentence5A. how Americans show respect to othersB. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respect C. Japanese are not satisfied with American casual behavior Americans might be embarrassed because Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for both countries only show respect for others. It just happens that Americans others. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.have a different way of showing respect.have a different way of showing respecthave a different way of showing respect. .thusthus2Tip: 主题句位于段主题句位于段尾尾, ,目的是总结目的是总结, ,可能有：可能有： So; Therefore; In conclusionSo; Therefore; In conclusion6 Just as I settle down to read or Just as I settle down to read or watch watch TVTV, he demands that I play with , he demands that I play with him. If I get ahim. If I get a telephone call, he telephone call, he screams screams in the background in the background or knocks or knocks something over. I always have to hang up something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.him to fall asleep.Baby-sitting with my little brother is Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun.no fun.37Practice makes perfect!8 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a smokers cough. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?Practice 19 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent(清白的清白的). On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.Practice 210Book 6, Unit 2 Poems What is the text mainly about?_ There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simplest forms. It is about some simple forms of poetry.Practice 31112 (2013湖南卷湖南卷A) Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your coats. AVOID BIG EVENTS STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION LOOK AFTER YOURSELF GET ON A BIKE60. The main purpose of the passage is_. A. to tell visitors how to book in advance B. to supply visitors with hotel information C. to show visitors the importance of self-help D. to offer visitors some money-saving tips Tip: 利用大小标题和第一段（一般是最后一句） BelowBelow；HereHere；The folloing;as followsThe folloing;as follows413 (2013浙江卷浙江卷B)Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins(静脉静脉) blue? Which works harder, your heart or your brain? Why do teeth fall out, and why dont they grow back in grown-up? Do old people shrink as they age? Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的眩晕的)? Where do feelings and emotions come from? If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?49. What is the main purpose of the selection? A. to give advice on how to stay healthy. B. to provide information about our body. C. to challenge new findings in medical research. D. to report the latest discoveries in research. Practice 4142013年江西卷年江西卷 C篇篇 议论文议论文67. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2 ? A. How to listen well. B. What to listen to. C. Benefits of listening. D. Problems in listening. Key Word15 Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketing. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.ProblemsHowWhatBenefits16 Each writing in her own unmistakable voice, Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness, the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together. Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork. Perri admits that she cant sort out all the mess in the households, even though she knows it drives her mother crazy. Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working, admit long-hidden sorrows, and enjoy precious memories.Writing styleContentPurposeInfluence17Hi, my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am one in a million. In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I cant run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live one day at a time.Exercise. 1Tip1: Focus on some key information to summarize the main idea.18Hi, my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am one in a million. In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I cant run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live one day at a time. an introduction to MartyExercise. 1Tip1: Focus on some key information to summarize the main idea.19Hi, my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am one in a million. In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I cant run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live one day at a time.an introduction to his muscle diseaseExercise. 120argumentation 议论文议论文exposition 说明文说明文practical writing 应用文应用文narration 记叙文记叙文5 w Tip: 利用各种体裁的本身特点紧抓首段紧抓首段21误区误区1.1.以为读得越慢，对文章的信息了解以为读得越慢，对文章的信息了解越多，理解程度也越高。越多，理解程度也越高。 心理学与心理语言学表明：速度越快，理心理学与心理语言学表明：速度越快，理解率越高，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。解率越高，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。误区误区2.2.阅读时将文字读出声来，或在心里清阅读时将文字读出声来，或在心里清晰地发出单词的音。晰地发出单词的音。误区误区3.3.阅读时，先将英文译成母语然后经过阅读时，先将英文译成母语然后经过母语去理解所读的内容。母语去理解所读的内容。22误区误区4.4. 对已读过的内容感到不放心或因对已读过的内容感到不放心或因没看懂，再次倒回去读。没看懂，再次倒回去读。 对一篇文章的理解一般情况是相对的，对一篇文章的理解一般情况是相对的，并不要求记住每个细节。倒读次数太多会并不要求记住每个细节。倒读次数太多会影响阅读速度。影响阅读速度。误区误区5.5.平时阅读中不适当地、非常频繁平时阅读中不适当地、非常频繁地使用英汉词典。地使用英汉词典。 一篇文章变得支离破碎，不利于整体一篇文章变得支离破碎，不利于整体把握文章的主旨大意。把握文章的主旨大意。23 刚才的发言，如刚才的发言，如有不当之处请多指有不当之处请多指正。谢谢大家！正。谢谢大家！24