一、表语一、表语 系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词词, 如如: be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。等。系动词后系动词后 面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词词类是形容词, 也可以名词、数词、极少数也可以名词、数词、极少数副词副词(如如here, there)、介词短语、不定式、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质等。说明主语的状态、性质等。练习：练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词名词、数词、形容词、介词, 不定式不定式, 分词分词, 还是表语从句还是表语从句)。1. My wallet is on the desk. ( _ )2. The book isnt mine. ( _ )mine,名词。名词。on the desk, 介词短语。介词短语。3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. ( _ )4. He has become a police officer. ( _ ) a police officer, 名词。名词。yellow ,形容词。形容词。5. My suggestion is that we should start at once. ( _ )6. My suggestion is to leave at once. ( _ )to leave at once, 不定式短语不定式短语。that we should start at once. 表语从句表语从句。7. His speech was boring. ( _ )8. The whole class got excited at the good news. ( _ )excited, 过去分词。过去分词。boring, 现在分词。现在分词。二、定语二、定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词定语用来修饰名词或代词, 起限定起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词容词性物主代词, 也可以是数词、名词、也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词定代词(如如something)时时, 或者是短语或或者是短语或定语从句作定语定语从句作定语, 则总是放在所修饰名则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。词的后边。练习：练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句从句)1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.( _ ) beautiful, 形容词形容词; many, 数词。数词。 2. The wallet on the desk is mine. ( _ )3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. ( _ )demanding,现在分词现在分词; my,形容词性代词形容词性代词。on the desk, 介词短语介词短语。4. That building being repaired is our library.( _ ) 5. He is one of the students that have been late.( _ ) being repaired, 现在分词短语现在分词短语; our, 形形容词性代词容词性代词。one, 数词数词; that have been late, 定语从句定语从句6. The excited boys burst into cheers. ( _ )7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. ( _ )woman, 名词名词; good, 形容词。形容词。excited, 过去分词。过去分词。三、状语三、状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词词, 或整个句子。一般表示行为发生或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等, 作状语的典型词类是副词作状语的典型词类是副词, 也可以是也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。等。练习：练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句定式、分词、状语从句)。1. He did his homework carefully at home. ( _ )carefully,副词副词; at home, 介词词组。介词词组。to do some shopping不定式作目的状不定式作目的状语语; on Sunday介词短语表时间。介词短语表时间。2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. ( _ )3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. ( _ )4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper. ( _ )Feeling tired, 现在分词短语表原因现在分词短语表原因; without supper, 介词短语表方式。介词短语表方式。When I grow up, 时间状语从句。时间状语从句。5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience.( _ ) 6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life. ( _ ) Brought up in the country, 过去分词短过去分词短语表原因语表原因。due to his lack of patience介词短语表介词短语表原因。原因。四、补足语四、补足语 补充说明主语的称为主语补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语; 补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词足语的典型词类是形容词, 也可以是名也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。和过去分词等。练习：练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介词短语、名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1. They elected John monitor. ( _ )2. He treated his mistake as a joke. ( _ ) as a joke, 介词词组。介词词组。 monitor名词名词3. We heard her singing a song. ( _ )4. He told me to make my own decision.( _ ) to make my own decision, 动词不定式动词不定式 singing a song, 现在分词短语。现在分词短语。5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer. ( _ )6. He watched an insect caught by a bird.( _ ) caught by a bird, 过去分词短语。过去分词短语。wrong, 形容词。形容词。 如果把主动语态改成被动语态如果把主动语态改成被动语态, 宾宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：He was acknowledged to be the best player. 他被公认为是最佳选手。他被公认为是最佳选手。(不定式作主语不定式作主语补足语补足语)