Unit 21Unit 21Human Biology Human Biology -2-主题语境:科普知识-3-高频单词重点短语难点句型1.abuse vt.辱骂;滥用;虐待n.滥用;虐待;辱骂,恶语高考佳句 It dealt with issues such as ,violence and unemployment.它处理诸如吸毒、暴力及失业等问题。(2013福建卷,阅读理解E篇)abuse ones position as.滥用的职务abuse ones power滥用职权abuse ones trust背信弃义drug abuse/alcohol abuse吸毒/酗酒drug abuse -4-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练完成句子The land is a living thing.It will hit back at you if you .土地是一种生物,如果你滥用它,它将会回击你。(2013江西卷,阅读理解A篇)I never expected that he would I placed in him.我从未料到他会辜负我对他的信任。abuse it abuse the trust -5-高频单词重点短语难点句型2.tolerate vt.容忍,忍受,宽恕;容许;能经受(困难)经典例句 This sort of behaviour will not be tolerated.这种行为是不能容许的。(1)tolerate+n.容忍tolerate doing.容忍/容许做tolerate sb/sbs doing容忍某人做be(in)tolerant of/towards(不能)容忍(2)toleration n.忍受,宽容,容许tolerable adj.可容忍的,可忍受的;过得去的(in)tolerant adj.(不能)忍受的,(无法)容忍的tolerance n.容忍;忍受,宽容;耐力-6-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练(1)用tolerate及其短语的恰当形式填空However,we cannot always tardiness,for ordinary living requires some .然而,我们并不总是无法容忍拖延,因为通常的生活需要一些宽容。(2015陕西卷,六选五)Luckily,my parents were of my choice of music.所幸的是,我父母容忍了我对音乐的选择。 (2)写作升级Why? He shouted at you! How can you tolerate it?满分表达 How can you tolerate at you?be intolerant of tolerance tolerant his shouting -7-高频单词重点短语难点句型3.seek v.(sought,sought)寻求,请求;试图,设法;寻找,追求高考佳句When some refuse vaccination and ,immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.当一些人拒绝接种并要求搭便车时,免疫力便下降,并且每个人都处于更大的危险之中。(2017北京卷,阅读理解C篇)(1)seek help from sb向某人请求帮助seek for寻求,寻找seek out找出,挑出seek to do sth试图去做某事seek ones advice向某人征求意见seek ones fortune寻找出路,寻找发迹的机会(2)seeker n.搜索者;探求者seek a free ride -8-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练(1)完成句子On the Internet,people can about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well,which is both time-saving and economical.在网上,人们可以寻找关于他们喜欢的明星的信息,也可以买打折票,这省时又经济。(2017江苏卷,书面表达)Your lives are busy enough doing homework,playing sports,making friends,your dreams.你的生活足够忙碌去做家庭作业、进行运动、交朋友、追求你的梦想。(2016四川卷,阅读理解B篇)seek information seeking after -9-高频单词重点短语难点句型(2)写作升级Besides,businesses try to appeal to customers senses.满分表达 Besides,businesses to customers senses.(2015重庆卷,阅读理解B篇)seek to appeal -10-高频单词重点短语难点句型4.oppose v.反对;反抗,抵制高考佳句Many farmers because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.许多农民反对这个计划,因为他们害怕狼会杀死他们的家畜或宠物。(2017全国卷,阅读理解C篇)(1)oppose sth反对某事oppose doing sth反对做某事seem/be/remain opposed to(doing)sth似乎/保持反对(做)某事(2)opposed adj.反对的;截然不同的opposite adv.相对地,相反地;对面地adj.相对的,对面的prep.在对面n.反义词,对立的事物opposed the plan -11-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练(1)完成句子.be patient to the people who are the complete of that description.对那些与那一描述完全相反的人要有耐心。(2016浙江卷,六选五)I would certainly the system.我当然会反对改变这个系统。oppose changing opposite -12-高频单词重点短语难点句型(2)写作升级This is against the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.满分表达 This the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.(2014四川卷,阅读理解D篇)is opposed to -13-高频单词重点短语难点句型5.contradict vt.违反,违背;与(其他事物)相矛盾,相反;反驳,批驳教材原句 However,if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created,it the whole spirit of sport.(Page 34)然而,如果一代有强化基因的运动员明星被造出,这将有悖于整个运动的精神。(1)contradict oneself 自相矛盾in direct contradiction to与恰恰相反(2)contradiction n.矛盾,不一致;反驳contradictory adj.对立的,不一致的;相互矛盾的would contradict -14-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练完成句子The speaker had got confused,and started .演讲者已经迷惑了,(说话)开始自相矛盾。Your statements today are what you said yesterday.你今天的声明与你昨天所说的话恰恰相反。 contradicting himself in direct contradiction to -15-高频单词重点短语难点句型6.postpone vt.推迟,延期高考佳句 the melting of the glaciers.推迟了冰川的溶化。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)postpone sth to/until.把某事延迟/推迟到postpone doing sth推迟做某事Postponing -16-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练(1)完成句子They decided their trip until next week,owing to the change of the weather.由于天气变化,他们决定推迟到下周起程。(2)单句语法填空Lets postpone (make)a decision until we have more information.咱们在获取更多信息之后再作决定也不迟。 to postpone making -17-高频单词重点短语难点句型7.prohibit vt.禁止;阻止,使不可能高考佳句The professor was deaf and any talking .教授耳聋,禁止讲话。(2017全国卷,完形填空)(1)prohibit sth禁止某事prohibit doing sth禁止做某事prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事(2)prohibition n.禁止;禁令was prohibited -18-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练(1)用prohibit的恰当形式填空Please note that any items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.请注意,任何违禁物品都将被居住生活办公室拿走。(2015天津卷,阅读理解A篇)In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law the killing of passenger pigeons.1897年,密歇根州通过了一项法律,禁止杀死旅鸽(2014全国卷,阅读理解B篇)(2)单句语法填空They prohibit (take)photos in the museum.在博物馆他们禁止拍照。prohibited prohibiting taking -19-高频单词重点短语难点句型(3)写作升级The dont allow tractors to be driven in the town centre.满分表达Tractors in the town centre.are prohibited from driving -20-高频单词重点短语难点句型8.submit vt.递交;提交;顺从;屈服;认输高考佳句You are free elsewhere at the same time.同时你可以自由地向其他地方提交你的文章。(2011北京卷,阅读理解B篇)(1)submit sth(to sb)把某物递交(给某人)submit to服从于,屈从于;把提交给,向提出(2)submission n.提交;投降;顺从submissive adj.服从的;屈从的;恭顺的to submit the article -21-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练用submit及其短语的恰当形式填空The girl didnt having her freedom limited.那个女孩不甘于让她的自由受到限制。Tomorrow is the last date for of entries for the competition.明天是提交参赛表格的最后期限。submit to submission -22-高频单词重点短语难点句型1.in vain 徒然;白费力气 高考佳句And look for scattered toys.并且徒劳地去寻找乱扔的玩具。(2016上海卷,阅读理解)take sbs name in vain 滥用的名义四维热练完成句子As an inexperienced teacher,I tried every means to get them to be quiet,.作为一名经验不足的老师,我尝试了每一种方法让他们安静下来,但都无济于事。(2015湖南卷,完形填空)The pilot struggled to open the parachute.那位飞行员努力打开降落伞却是徒劳。in vain but in vain in vain -23-高频单词重点短语难点句型2.due to 因为,由于;应归于高考佳句The loss of glaciers there global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.那儿由于全球变暖导致的冰川消失表明对农业的巨大威胁。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)due to,because of,thanks to和owing to均可表示“由于,因为”,经常可以换用,due to意为“由于”,一般不放在句首。because of用以指出原因。thanks to既可表达正面意义(多亏、幸亏),又可表示讽刺意义。owing to则侧重于表示“由于,应归功于”。due to -24-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练(1)完成句子In the north of India,the population is boominghigh birth rates.在印度北部,人口由于高出生率迅速增长(2017江苏卷,任务型阅读)The town was cut off from the rest of the world .该镇由于大雪而和世界其他地方隔绝了。(2016北京卷,完形填空)due to due to heavy snow -25-高频单词重点短语难点句型(2)写作升级Now that the chances of dying young are much lower,the chances of living long are much higher because of better diets and health care.满分表达 Now that the chances of dying young are much lower,the chances of living long are much higher better diets and health care.(2015广东卷,完形填空)due to -26-高频单词重点短语难点句型3.wipe out 彻底毁灭;全部摧毁 高考佳句Measles,which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more,in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine.通过普遍使用麻疹疫苗,曾经每年造成450名儿童死亡,甚至更多人残疾的麻疹14年前在美国几乎被彻底消灭了。(2017北京卷,阅读理解C篇)wipe sth from/off sp.把从某处擦掉wipe sth away/off/up擦净或擦掉某物wipe ones eyes擦干眼泪wipe sth clean/dry把擦干净/干was nearly wiped out -27-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练完成句子“Honey,your basket is extra-special,” Mom said,gently my hot tears.“亲爱的,你的篮子是极其特别的,”妈妈说着,轻轻地擦去我的热泪。(2016浙江卷,阅读理解D篇).an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would their habitat completely.海平面只上升0.6米将让这些物种跳到较高的地面,上升0.9米就会把它们的栖息地彻底毁灭。(2012浙江卷,阅读理解A篇)wiping away wipe out -28-高频单词重点短语难点句型4.at all costs 不管多大代价,无论如何高考佳句After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years,I decided to try to rid them of their fear and dislike of books,and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.在教五年级四年后,我决定不惜一切代价尽量让他们摆脱对书的恐惧和厌恶,让他们更加经常更加爱冒险地去阅读。(2015浙江卷,阅读理解A篇)at the cost of以为代价;丧失,牺牲at a cost of以的费用/价格at cost按成本at no cost不花钱at any cost=at all costs以任何代价at all costs-29-高频单词重点短语难点句型四维热练(1)完成句子We are growing wonderful tomatoes !我们正在不花钱而种植绝好的西红柿!(2014全国卷,短文改错)(2)写作升级Our country was out for peace at any price.满分表达Our country was out for peace .at no cost at all costs -30-高频单词重点短语难点句型5.at any rate 无论如何;不管怎样;反正教材原句If trends continue the way theyre going,then in my opinion,yesin developed countries .(Page 41)如果趋势继续它们所进行的方式,那么,依我看,是的反正在发达国家是这样。at this/that rate照此情形;如此下去at a/the rate of以的速度/比率;以的价格四维热练完成句子,let me thank you for all you did.不管怎样,让我为你所做的一切表示感谢。at any rate At any rate -31-重点短语难点句型高频单词1.Unfortunately,it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.(Page 34)不幸的是,很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。Its+adj.+for sb to do sth句型该句是“Its+adj.+to do sth”结构,表示“做是”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。(1)Its+adj.+for sb to do sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,vital,possible等。(2)Its+adj.+of sb to do sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示其中sb的品行、性格或性质,常见的有:kind,nice,good,friendly,wise,careful,stupid,foolish,rude,unwise,clever等。-32-重点短语难点句型高频单词四维热练完成句子to say that.你对你妈妈说那话真是太无礼了。to protect our environment.对我们每个人来说保护环境都是十分重要的。.its much easier to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.即使在解释你有多忙之后,如果你想让别人走出你的空间,还是没有给自己找个借口回去工作要容易得多。(2017全国卷,语法填空)Its rude of you Its very important for everyone to excuse yourself -33-重点短语难点句型高频单词2.Unless we are careful,“gene-therapy” will be the next big threat.(Page 34)除非我们小心翼翼,否则,“基因治疗”将会成为下一个重大威胁。unless引导条件状语从句句型(1)句中unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非,否则”,表示其后条件状语从句所表达的情况如果不发生,将发生主句的情况。unless可译作“如果不”,或“除非,否则”。(2)当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语动词含有动词be时,从句主语和be可以省去。-34-重点短语难点句型高频单词四维热练(1)单句语法填空Unless (invite),I wont go to the ball.除非我接收到邀请,否则我不会去参加那个舞会。Unless more money (find),their company will soon close.除非再弄到一些钱,否则他们的公司不久就会关闭。The boy wont go to sleep his mother tells him a story.如果那个男孩的妈妈不给他讲故事,他就睡不着。 invited is found unless -35-重点短语难点句型高频单词(2)写作升级One cannot learn a language well if he doesnt work hard.满分表达 One cannot learn a language well hehard.unless works -36-重点短语难点句型高频单词3.In the future,athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.(Page 34)将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米,或在不到两小时的时间里跑完马拉松。have sth done句型句中have sth done常可表示下面三个含义:(1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。(2)(主语)让某事被。(3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。-37-重点短语难点句型高频单词四维热练单句语法填空They would have the medicine (send)by rail from Anchorage to Nenana.他们会用火车把药物从Anchorage运到Nenana。(2016北京卷,完形填空)My computer broke down yesterday.Ill have it (repair)this afternoon.昨天我的电脑坏了,今天下午我得请人修理一下。While doing the shopping in the supermarket last weekend,I had my wallet (steal).上周末我在超市购物时钱包被人偷了。sent repaired stolen -38-重点短语难点句型高频单词4.The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(Page 34)人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。rather than句型句中的rather than是并列连词,该结构常用于平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分,即其两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。当其连接的部分用以说明主语时,谓语的人称和数应不受其影响,而和主语一致。含有rather than的句型常表示“宁愿做,而不愿做”,常见的有:-39-重点短语难点句型高频单词(1)prefer to do sth rather than do sth.(2)would do sth rather than do sth.(3)would rather do sth than do sth.值得注意的是,would rather后面跟从句时应用虚拟语气形式,表示现在和将来情况应用过去时态(将来情况常含有情态动词),表示过去情况时应用过去完成时态。-40-重点短语难点句型高频单词四维热练(1)单句语法填空Bill,rather than you,(be)to blame for not finishing the work on time.是比尔,而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受到责备。I prefer to stay at home rather than (go)shopping with her.(2)完成句子our energy,we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.我们得考虑去做365件不同的环保的事情,而不是回收和减少我们的能源,这不是容易的任务。(2013辽宁卷,阅读理解B篇)is go Rather than recycle and reduce