Ellipsis1.Thisradio,butthatonedoesnt.读下列句子读下列句子, 说你的感觉。说你的感觉。work wellworkswell2.Whenpure,acolorlessliquid. water iswater is3.Are you ?Yes,Iam .readyready4.Hewas as he had been inhisyouth. aloverofsportsaloverofsports5. The river deep and the ice thin.waswas6. ake care!YouT t1.省略省略句的定义句的定义省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中省略在语言中, 尤其在对话中尤其在对话中, 是一种是一种十分普遍的现象。十分普遍的现象。 2. 句子成分的省略句子成分的省略省略前提省略前提:主谓宾主谓宾,定状表定状表,如有重复可删掉。如有重复可删掉。省略原则省略原则:词语省略后词语省略后,不致令人费解。不致令人费解。省略类型：省略类型：1.心照不宣型心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)；2.承前省后型承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)；3.可有可无型可有可无型(用于宾从中的用于宾从中的that、定从中作宾语、定从中作宾语的的whom,which,that和某些状从中和某些状从中)4.虚拟倒装型虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中)。1.省略主语省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。(1)(You)Comein,please.(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(3)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(4)(I)Begyourpardon.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略2.省略主语或谓语的一部分省略主语或谓语的一部分简单句中的省略简单句中的省略(1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.(2)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?(3)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?(4)How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?(5)(Youcome)thisway,please.3.省略宾语省略宾语:可省略宾语的全部可省略宾语的全部;可省略作宾语可省略作宾语的动词不定式的动词不定式,只保留只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态或完成时态,则须在则须在to后加上后加上be或或have。(1)-DoyouknowMissHu?-Idontknow(her).(2)Donttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto(touch).(3)-Areyouateacher?-No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).(4)-Hehasntfinishedthetask.-Well,heoughttohave(finishit).4.省略表语省略表语(1)-Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).(2)Hisbrotherislazy.Norishissister(lazy).5.同时省略几个句子成分同时省略几个句子成分(1)-Areyoufellbetternow?-(Imfeeling)better(now).(2)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou)!(3)Letsmeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略两个并列分句中两个并列分句中,后一分句常省略与前一分句后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。中相同的部分。(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(2)(is)anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool(3)Linsfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些主谓被省略主句中有一些主谓被省略(1)(Im)Sorrytoheatthatyouareill.(2)(Its)apitythatyoumissedsuchagoodchance.2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分省略从句中与主句相同的部分Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略主句与从句各有一些成分被省略Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).4.省略一个从句或从句的一部分省略一个从句或从句的一部分,可用可用so或或not代替。常用于此类的动词有代替。常用于此类的动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell等以及等以及appear,seem,afraidetc.(4)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguess not.(1)Ishecomingbacktonight?-Ithinkso.(2)Shemustbebusynow? -If so,shecant go with us.(3)Isshefeelingbettertoday?-Imafraid not.其他省略其他省略1.连词连词that的省略的省略(1)宾语从句中常省略从句中常省略连词that.(2)Iknowheisastudent.(3)(2)在定在定语从句中从句中,that在从句中作在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外可省略。另外,(4)凡是凡是进行行时态和被和被动语态的定的定语从句都可省略关系代从句都可省略关系代词(5)和和be动词。 。Helikesthesongs(that)AndyLausings.Helikesthesongs(thatare)sungbyAndyLau.(that)2.在某些状语从句中在某些状语从句中,从句的主语与主句的从句的主语与主句的主语一致时主语一致时,可省去可省去“主语主语+be”部分。部分。(1)Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(2)Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoorinhealth.(3)Whilecycling,dontforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。不要忘记看红绿灯。(youare)(you)(hewas)(shewas)3. 不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的to.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.2)help当当“帮助帮助”讲时讲时,后面的宾语或宾补的后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号不定式符号to可带可不带。可带可不带。Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.(3)介词介词but前若有动词前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带后面的不定式不带to.Theboydidnothingbutplay.4)某些使役某些使役动词(let,make,have)及感官及感官动词(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）等）后面作后面作宾语补足足语的不定式一定的不定式一定要省去要省去to,但在被但在被动语态中中须将将to复原。复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.5)主主语从句中有从句中有动词do,后面作表后面作表语的不定式的不定式的的to可可带可不可不带。 。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.6)find当当“发现”讲时，后面作，后面作宾语补足足语的的不定式符号不定式符号to可可带可不可不带。 。Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.但如果是不定式但如果是不定式tobe,则不能省略。不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.(3)Should there be aflood,whatshouldwedo?(1),theywouldcertainlycome(2)andhelpus.(2) WereIyou,Iwoulddothework better.Hadthey timeIfI had time(IfIwereyou)(Ifthereshouldbeaflood)4.连词连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但要将但要将后面的后面的should,were,had提到主语的前面。提到主语的前面。5.英语中有一些固定的省略结构：英语中有一些固定的省略结构：在以在以if,when,though,asif(好象好象)等连词引导等连词引导的从句中的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是如从句中的主要动词是be,常将主语常将主语it和动词和动词be省略。省略。Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。我们就往家里打电报。Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我他一有可能就来帮助我。it isit isNotes 1.省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份Whatexcitingnews!(=Whatexcitingnewsitis!)多么令人激动的消息啊！多么令人激动的消息啊！Pityhesfailed.(=Itisapitythathesfailed.)很遗憾很遗憾,他失败了。他失败了。Ilikehimmorethanher.(=IlikehimmorethanIlikeher.)我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。3.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但但有时省略结构已经定型有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上如果把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。反而不合乎习惯。HeistallerthanIam.他比我高。他比我高。(am之后省略之后省略tall,补上不合习惯）补上不合习惯）Noparking.禁止停车。禁止停车。(告示用语告示用语=Noparkingisallowedhere.)有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：Notatall.不用谢。不用谢。Nomatter.不要紧。不要紧。Thanks.谢谢。谢谢。1.Haventseenyouforages.2.Soundslikeagoodidea.3.Sorrytohearthat.4.thisway,please!5.Joiningusforawalk?6.Somemoretea?7.Doesntmatter.8.Pityyoucouldntcome.9.Terribleweather!10.Goingtothesupermarket? Exercise IItIamWalkWould you likeWould you likeItIt isaWhat/SuchAre youExercise 1.Shecanswimunderwaterlongerthan2.Icanswimunderwater.3.2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstay4.inthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.5.3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalk6.andthentheycamebacktosleep.7.4.Dontbatheifyoudonttobathe.8.5.IdontvisitmyparentsasmuchasIought9.tovisitmyparents.1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunD单项选择单项选择2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdoneA4.-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.IdbehappytoD5.-Youhaventlosttheticket,haveyou?-_.Iknowitsnoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,ImafraidsoA6._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillB7.-Letsgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.-_Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,IdliketoD.Whynot?A8.-Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwonthave_onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.toD9.-ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?-Yes.Itllbefineifyou_.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do10.-Arentyouthemanager?-No,andI_.A.dontwanttoB.dontwanttobeC.dontwantbeD.dontwantDB11.-Wontyouhaveanothertry?-_.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,IwonthaveC.Yes,IwontD.Yes,Iwill12.-Iwontdoitanymore.-_?A.WhynotB.WhydontdoanymoreC.WhynotdoD.WhydontDD13.-Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?-_?A.IdontthinkB.No,IdontthinkC.IdontthinksoD.No,Idontso14.-Haveyoufedthecat?-No,but_.A.ImB.IamC.ImjustgoingD.ImjustgoingtoCD15.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that16.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto17.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingBAC18.If_,wellcontinueourexperimentafterofficehours.A.beingnecessaryB.benecessaryC.isnecessaryD.necessary19.-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend?-_.A.IdontbelieveB.IdontbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot20.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenDDB21.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite22.-Wouldyoulikesomewine?-Yes,just_.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afewCC替代替代(一一)so和和not作替代作替代词,代替被省略的某个代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子或句子,一般同表示个人看法或想法的一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用用,作作beafraid,believe,become,all,do,expect,fear,hope,imagine,say,see,speak,suppose,think等的等的宾语。 。Not代替否定的句子代替否定的句子还可放在可放在perhaps,probably,absolutely等副等副词后。后。e.g.Shewasnotangryatfirst,butbecameso(=angry)afterawhile.-Ishethebeststudentintheclass?-Ithinkso(=Heisbeststudentintheclass).-Ithinknot(=Heisnotthebeststudentintheclass).(二二)替代的替代的应用用1.so可以放在句首或句尾可以放在句首或句尾,但若但若谓语动词是是see,notice,hear等等,则只能放在句首。如：只能放在句首。如：Ibelieve(say,think)so.=SoIbelieve(say,think).Heisabsenttoday.SoIsee(hear,notice).2.在表示肯定或在表示肯定或怀疑意疑意义的句中不可用的句中不可用so。 。如：如：误:Idoubtso.正正:Idoubtit.4.doso一般只用替代动态动词一般只用替代动态动词,不替代静态不替代静态动词。如动词。如:Shesaidshewouldgowithme,butshedidntdoso.-Alicefeelsbettertoday.-Ithinkshedoes.-Soshedoes.而不能说而不能说Ithinkshedoesso.3.在在ask和和know之后也不用之后也不用so。如：。如：误:Whydoyouaskso?正正:Whydoyouaskthat?Homework1.GoovertheusageofEllipsis.2.DoExercises2,3,4onpage37.