LearningEnglish阅读理解阅读理解 长难句理解长难句理解高中英语高中英语 长句是让我们感到很困难的句子，长句的明显特点就长句是让我们感到很困难的句子，长句的明显特点就是句子比较长，一个句子往往有三、四行，甚至一个句子是句子比较长，一个句子往往有三、四行，甚至一个句子就是一段。许多应试者在阅读时经常会陷入一个很长的句就是一段。许多应试者在阅读时经常会陷入一个很长的句子中，不知道它到底讲了些什么。子中，不知道它到底讲了些什么。长句之所以长，主要有下面几个原因：长句之所以长，主要有下面几个原因： 2. 复合句结构，从句多又长。复合句结构，从句多又长。 1. 简单句中分词状语、独立主格结构的干扰。简单句中分词状语、独立主格结构的干扰。 3. 一个句子中既有从句又有分词状语或者独立主格结构。一个句子中既有从句又有分词状语或者独立主格结构。 2一、简单句结构一、简单句结构应对策略：应对策略：简化长句，寻觅主干简化长句，寻觅主干 分词状语就是指用分词状语就是指用 doing 或或 done 引导的伴随状语、原引导的伴随状语、原因状语等；独立主格结构有时由因状语等；独立主格结构有时由with引导，看似主谓结构，引导，看似主谓结构，但实际上并没有真正的谓语部分。但实际上并没有真正的谓语部分。应对方法：应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。什么样的词能构成独立的谓语部分？其是独立的谓语部分。什么样的词能构成独立的谓语部分？注意：注意：do does和和is am are的各种时态变化都可以做谓语，的各种时态变化都可以做谓语，但是单纯的但是单纯的to do doing done和和to be being的形式是不可以的形式是不可以做谓语的。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部做谓语的。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部分，那它就不是句子，而是分词短语或者独立主格结构。分，那它就不是句子，而是分词短语或者独立主格结构。 3例例1.（湖南卷真题卷）（湖南卷真题卷）Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attackin patients with several common risk factors, including familyhistory of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking. 57. Taking Lipitor is helpful for _. A. breast-feeding women B. women who are pregnant C. adults having heart disease D. teenagers with liver problems 莉普特可以降低有多种心脏病诱因的病人的患心脏病的莉普特可以降低有多种心脏病诱因的病人的患心脏病的风险，这些诱因包括：患有早期家族遗传心脏病、高血压、风险，这些诱因包括：患有早期家族遗传心脏病、高血压、老龄化和抽烟等。老龄化和抽烟等。4例例2. A child-like robot, Wakamaru, developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan and combining the roles of nurse, companion and security guard, will soon be in the market to look after the growing number of old people with no one to look after them.67. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Latest Development of Robot B. Japanese Robot and the Aging Society C. Vast Market of the New Robot D. Japanese-built Robot to Help the Old 一个由日本一个由日本Mitsubishi Heavy Industries开发的，并且开发的，并且结合了护士，伙伴和安全护卫角色的像小孩一样的机器人结合了护士，伙伴和安全护卫角色的像小孩一样的机器人Wakamaru，将很快进入市场来照看越来越多的无人照看，将很快进入市场来照看越来越多的无人照看的老年人。的老年人。5例例3. I wrote letters, fill out forms, translated at interviews withImmigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives. 59. What can we learn about the author from Para 4 A. She worked as a translator. B. She attended a lot of job interviews. C. She paid telephone bills for her family. D. She helped her family with her English. 我写信，填表，在移民局的面试中翻译，带我祖父母去我写信，填表，在移民局的面试中翻译，带我祖父母去看医生并顺便充当翻译，甚至和公司代表讨论电话账单。看医生并顺便充当翻译，甚至和公司代表讨论电话账单。6二、复合句结构二、复合句结构应对策略：应对策略： 一个主句带多个从句，从句中又有从句。一个主句带多个从句，从句中又有从句。应对方法：应对方法： 首先找到主句的主体部分（即主语、谓语和宾语），首先找到主句的主体部分（即主语、谓语和宾语），再确定从句的主体部分，如果从句中还有从句，在确定再确定从句的主体部分，如果从句中还有从句，在确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行，下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行，先把同一层次的内容看完，再看下一层次的内容。先把同一层次的内容看完，再看下一层次的内容。 7例例4.（湖南卷真题卷）（湖南卷真题卷）The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. 67. What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each other B. To get their faces impressiveC. To classify some face pictures D. To observe the researchers faces 研究者们研究了读懂他人的脸部表情方面的文化差异，这研究者们研究了读懂他人的脸部表情方面的文化差异，这些研究是通过观察些研究是通过观察13个西方白种人和个西方白种人和13个东方亚洲人的脸部表个东方亚洲人的脸部表情的图片，并予以分类：高兴，悲伤，惊讶，害怕，厌恶，生情的图片，并予以分类：高兴，悲伤，惊讶，害怕，厌恶，生气或中立，从而记录下他们的眼部运动而进行的。气或中立，从而记录下他们的眼部运动而进行的。8例例5. I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. 73. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly _. A. to make the countryside safe B. to earn peoples admiration C. to gain power and influence D. to improve their health 我相信现代猎人捕猎的主要原因是他认为人们会钦佩他我相信现代猎人捕猎的主要原因是他认为人们会钦佩他制服了危险动物的勇气。制服了危险动物的勇气。9例例6. The value of the lecture is that it can present to a large number of people information which is not readily available in books, that it can give you an opportunity to hear a specialist develop a coherent（有条理的）（有条理的）argument, and that it can show visual material to a wide audience.69. One of the values of the lecture is _. A. to make friends through groups B. to learn more about other peoples ideas C. to offer a chance to discuss with a specialist D. to present to students information not found in books 讲座的价值就是它能给一大群人呈现在书本里根本看不到讲座的价值就是它能给一大群人呈现在书本里根本看不到的信息，它能给你一个机会听一个专家有条理的论证，它还能的信息，它能给你一个机会听一个专家有条理的论证，它还能给很多观众展示视觉材料。给很多观众展示视觉材料。10例例7. Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. 69. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean _. A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching 19岁的大学毕业生岁的大学毕业生 Ralph Tyler 1902 年出生于芝加哥，在年出生于芝加哥，在Nebraska抚养长大并受教育；当他在抚养长大并受教育；当他在South Dakota当科学老师当科学老师时，变得对教学感兴趣，从而改变了他的主修专业，从医学改时，变得对教学感兴趣，从而改变了他的主修专业，从医学改成了教育。成了教育。11三、一个句子中既有从句又有分词状语或者独立主格结构三、一个句子中既有从句又有分词状语或者独立主格结构应对策略：应对策略： 从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分从而区别出主句和从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分从而区别出主句和分词状语，再根据从句的连接词（有时无连接词）区分分词状语，再根据从句的连接词（有时无连接词）区分主句和从句，层层理解，插入语插在哪个层次中就放在主句和从句，层层理解，插入语插在哪个层次中就放在哪个层次中理解。哪个层次中理解。12例例8. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language. 1. The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 were _. A. Welsh and Scottish B. Nordic and Germanic C. Celtic and Old English D. Anglo-Saxon and Germanic 威尔士人生活在中西部，他们说话的语言是凯尔特语的；斯科特威尔士人生活在中西部，他们说话的语言是凯尔特语的；斯科特人生活在北部，他们的语言尽管和威尔士人不同但也仍然是凯尔特语人生活在北部，他们的语言尽管和威尔士人不同但也仍然是凯尔特语的。的。13例例9. For reasons I wont get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as broken”; and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese, her internal language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure.44. The author gradually realizes her mothers English is _. A. well structured B. in the old style C. easy to translate D. rich in meaning14LearningEnglish同学们，再见！同学们，再见！