(Conjunction)初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词连连 词词 (Conjunction)一、连词定义一、连词定义: 用来用来连接连接词、短语或句子词、短语或句子的词。的词。 e.g. I study English and Chinese. Does he work at school or in the hospital? I get up early, but my brother gets up late. 初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词三、用法三、用法 1.1.并列连词并列连词 - - 连接具有并列关系的连接具有并列关系的词，词，短语或句子短语或句子。 常见的有：常见的有：(1)表表并列并列关系的关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor，as well as（也，和）（也，和）等。等。(2)表表选择选择关系的关系的or, eitheror等。等。(3)表表转折转折关系的关系的but, however等。等。(4)表表因果因果关系的关系的for, so等。等。初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词 考点一：考点一：1 1）判断改错：判断改错： They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.FFFeatingsingtalkedand (“和，并且和，并且”) 与与 or (“否则否则”)“and” 连接连接平行平行结构。结构。 初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词（1）肯定句中用）肯定句中用“and” 表表“和和”；（2）否定句中用）否定句中用“or”表表“和和” 。2 2）翻译：翻译： 我喜欢英语我喜欢英语和和数学。数学。 我不喜欢英语我不喜欢英语和和数学。数学。 I like English _ math. I dont like English _ math.and or初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词= Study hard, _ your math will be worse.3 3）用）用 “andand” 或或“oror” 填空：填空： Study hard, _ your math will be better.and or “and”意为意为“这样，那么这样，那么”； “or” 意为意为 “否则否则” 。初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词1. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or2. Now we have no time _ money. A. so B. and C. oror: 1. 用于用于疑问疑问句句, , 表表选择选择 2. 用于用于否定否定句句, , 表表并列并列（肯定句用（肯定句用andand）3.Christine, Aileen _ (和和) I are good friends. Study hard, _ (否则否则)youll fall behind. 4. Are you coming by bus _(或者或者) on foot? andandorororor初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词1. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or2. He or the twins _ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is from4. Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. areadj.比比 + and + adj.比比 表示越来越表示越来越A or B 和和 not A but B 结构作主语结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用时，谓语动词要使用就近原则就近原则。and, or, but, so 特殊用法特殊用法初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词 表表转折转折的连词的连词butbut 和和howeverhowever： e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。他努力工作，但以失败告终。) He worked hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he failed at last.区别区别: : but but 后后没有逗号，直接连接分句；没有逗号，直接连接分句； howeverhowever 后后有逗号相隔，可放有逗号相隔，可放句末。句末。butHowever考点二考点二 ：初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词观察句子观察句子 ： （1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.改为：改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”*although/ though *although/ though 和和butbut这两个关联词不能同时用。这两个关联词不能同时用。 ?同样，此句错误，同样，此句错误， because because 和和 soso 等关联词都不能同时使用。等关联词都不能同时使用。考点三考点三 ：初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词either A or B “或者或者A或者或者B”neither A nor B “既不既不A也不也不B”not only A but also B “不仅不仅A而且而且B” - 连词词组连词词组 ：Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Not only you but also he _ French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）（不但你而且他也讲法语。） 【连接主语连接主语 时，谓语时，谓语“就近原则就近原则”】amhasspeaks考点四考点四 初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词2. 2. 从属连词从属连词-用来用来引导从句引导从句。常见的。常见的从属连词从属连词有：有：(1)(1)引导引导时间时间状语从句的状语从句的after, before, when, while, after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon asas, until, till, since, as soon as等。等。(2)(2)引导引导条件条件状语从句的状语从句的if, unlessif, unless等。等。(3)(3)引导引导原因原因状语从句的状语从句的because, as, sincebecause, as, since等。等。(4)(4)引导引导目的目的状语从句的状语从句的so that, in order thatso that, in order that等。等。(5)(5)引导引导让步让步状语从句的状语从句的though, although, even ifthough, although, even if等。等。(6)(6)引导引导结果结果状语从句的状语从句的so that, soso that, sothat, suchthat, suchthatthat等。等。(7)(7)引导引导比较比较状语从句的状语从句的than, asthan, asasas等。等。(8)(8)引导引导宾语从句宾语从句的的that, if , whetherthat, if , whether等。等。初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词三者均可译为三者均可译为三者均可译为三者均可译为“ “在在在在时候时候时候时候” ”。whenwhen引导的从句，动词既可以是引导的从句，动词既可以是引导的从句，动词既可以是引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性延续性延续性延续性的，也可以是的，也可以是的，也可以是的，也可以是终止终止终止终止性性性性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，whenwhen引导的引导的引导的引导的从句的动作才发生；从句的动作才发生；从句的动作才发生；从句的动作才发生；whilewhile引导的从句中，动词只能是引导的从句中，动词只能是引导的从句中，动词只能是引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性延续性延续性延续性的，一般来说，当的，一般来说，当的，一般来说，当的，一般来说，当whilewhile引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调“ “一边一边一边一边一边一边一边一边” ”这样的意思，这样的意思，这样的意思，这样的意思，一般用一般用一般用一般用 asas。 When I came into the room, I found him lying there When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep. asleep. She sang as she walked. She sang as she walked. 她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。注意：注意：注意：注意：while while 可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系“ “然而然而然而然而” ”。He is short while his brother is tall.He is short while his brother is tall.when，while，as连连 词词 用用 法法 比比 较较初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词 Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street. A. where B. while C. when D. whetherCWhile Mr. White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.考点一考点一 “when” 和和 “while”when引导的状语从句的动作引导的状语从句的动作多为多为终止性动词终止性动词，也为也为可持续动词可持续动词；但；但while只能只能是是可持续动词可持续动词。初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词考点二考点二 我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。 My father _ come back until we had supper.notuntil/ till 直到直到才才till 直到直到为止为止翻译：翻译：他直到他直到3岁才会讲话。岁才会讲话。He _get up until his mother wakes him up.didnt 他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。 He _ speak until he was 3.couldntdoesnt初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词1) sothat中的中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词词 而而such.that中的中的such是个形容词是个形容词，后接名词或名，后接名词或名词短语。例如：词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在如果在名词之前名词之前有有many, much, little, few时，时，用用so,不用不用such。例如：。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.sothat, such.that连连 词词 用用 法法 比比 较较初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A. because B. so that C. whenB考点三考点三 他起早是他起早是为了为了赶上早班车。赶上早班车。(表目的表目的) He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.He got up early so that he caught the early bus.他起早，他起早，结果结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）赶上了早班车。（表结果） He got up so early that he caught the early bus. sothatso that：为了；为了； 所以，结所以，结果果如此如此以致以致初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词if if和和和和whetherwhether都可作都可作都可作都可作“ “是否是否是否是否” ”讲，在引导宾语从句是一般讲，在引导宾语从句是一般讲，在引导宾语从句是一般讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。例如：可互换。例如：可互换。例如：可互换。例如：I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用whether,whether,不能用不能用不能用不能用if if：. .在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。例如：例如：例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether I havent made up my mind whether toto go there or not. go there or not. .与与与与or(not)or(not)连用时。连用时。连用时。连用时。例如：例如：例如：例如：I dont now I dont now whetherwhether he comes he comes or notor not. . .从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用whetherwhether不用不用不用不用if if。It depends It depends on on whether it will be fine.whether it will be fine.那得看是不是晴天。那得看是不是晴天。那得看是不是晴天。那得看是不是晴天。. .作作作作discussdiscuss等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用whetherwhether不用不用不用不用if if。We We discusseddiscussed whether we should close the shop. whether we should close the shop.我们讨我们讨我们讨我们讨论是不是该关掉商店论是不是该关掉商店论是不是该关掉商店论是不是该关掉商店if, whether连连 词词 用用 法法 比比 较较初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词连接连接条件条件状语从句：状语从句：1、Youll be late _(如果如果) you dont get up early tomorrow.2、Ill come to see you _(如果如果) Im free next Saturday. 3、Well have a picnic tomorrow _(如果如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.* * 注意状语从句的时态：注意状语从句的时态：“主将从现主将从现”。ififif连连 词词 练练 习习初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词连接连接时间时间状语从句状语从句1.I was cleaning the floor I was cleaning the floor _( (当当当当的时候的时候的时候的时候) ) she knocked she knocked at the door. at the door. 2. Dick climbed up into a tree Dick climbed up into a tree _( (一一一一就就就就) ) he saw the bear. he saw the bear.3. I knew nothing about it I knew nothing about it _( (直到直到直到直到才才才才) ) my friend told my friend told me yesterday.me yesterday.4. I havent heard from Bill I havent heard from Bill _ _( (自从自从自从自从) ) we graduated we graduated from middle school.from middle school.whenwhenas soon asas soon asuntiluntilsincesince初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词连接连接原因、结果原因、结果状语从句状语从句1.You should return the digital camera to Sally _ she will not be angry. 2. A. so that B. because C. before 3.2. He was hurt _ badly _ he had to see a doctor. 4. A. tooto B. so that C. so that 5.3.He took off his coat _ it was too hot in the room. A.And B. since C. but 4. Solo missed the bus _ he was late for school. A. because B. so C. or初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词连接连接让步让步状语从句状语从句1.Tom is still doing his homework _ it is very late. A. so that B. even though C. if 2.2. I never seem to put on any weight,_ hard I try. 3. A. though B. no matter how 4.3. I enjoy learning English, _ it takes me a lot of time. A. unless B. although C. because 5.4. I will never give up learning English _6. (即使即使) it is difficult.even though初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词1. Ill tell your father the truth as soon as he _ here. A. arrives B. arrived C. arrives at2. We dont know if he _ us for the picnic. Ill call you if he _. A. joins; comes B. will join; comes C. will join; will come3. Nobody knows when the windows _. But Ill tell you when I _ the answer. A. broke; find out B. broken; will find out C. were broken; find out连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词4. You wont understand until you _ him. A. meet B. meeting C. will meet5. You will fail in English _ you work hard. A. because B. unless C. if6. Just because we are young, _ we should work even harder. A. so B. / C. but7. It has been seven years since he _ here. A. left B. leaves C. leave连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词8. The little boy _ when I came in. A. falls down B. fell down C. was fell down9. We were reading when the teacher _ in. A. came B. comes C. is coming 10. He became a doctor when he _the university. A. graduated from B. graduate from C. graduated for 初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词11. Tom works in a hospital _ Mary works in a company. A. because B. until C. while12. While his mother was washing, he _ his homework. A. do B. did C. was doing 13. The little boy fell alseep while he _ the music. A. was listen B. was listening to C. listened to 表示对比，表示对比，“然而，而然而，而” while表示表示“当当的时候的时候”。 两个两个动词同时发生。必须使用动词同时发生。必须使用延续性延续性动动词。词。 初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词14. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or15. The mountain was _ steep(陡峭的）陡峭的）_ few people in our city reached the top. A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto 连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词Funny Husband (H) & WifeHusband (H) & Wife (W)(W) about Shopping情境对话情境对话 ：初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词H：“What are we going to do, my dear？” W: “Go shopping.”H：“We can do nothing _shopping.”W：“In fact, _ you _ I like shopping.”H: “Why must you do the things _ you dont like?” W: “_ my skirts are out of style, _ I want to buy a new one.”W:（In the clothing shop.）I dont know_ they fit(适合适合) me. ”H: “I dont know _ you really like. Just go inside and try them on.”H：（对（对seller笑笑）笑笑） “Can you talk to me for a few minutes？” S：Why?H：Because _ my wife sees (that) I am talking to other ladies, she will be angry at once and leave.S： “Then why do you let her go?”H： “I want to leave _ I wont pay for them.”根据对话内容，根据对话内容，填入适当连词。填入适当连词。except/butneither northatBecause或或 soifwhat/ whichif/when/ as soon asand/ so that初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词Homework ：1. Go over the usage of conjunctions.2. Finish the related exercises.初中英语语法之连词初中英语语法之连词