Great scientists1 Typically a scientist will be a specialist who has expert knowledge in a particular field of science, eg. physics, biology or medicine and etc. The general aim of a scientist is attempting to solve certain problems using some scientific methods by doing various experiments to gain a better understanding of their subjects in different areas, making great discoveries, contributions to people all over the world.What is a scientist?2What characteristics do you think a scientist should have? characteristicsperseverant devotedpatientdiligentintelligentdeterminedunselfishmodestbrave ambitious Thinking: responsiblebrightcautiousenthusiasticcooperativepositivestrictabsorbedcreative3great scientific achievements that havechanged the world.great contributions, discoveries.good observation, perseverance.Great scientists are those people withConclusion: 4Warming Up There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. 5Who is Who is he?he?ArchimedesHe discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float.6Charles DarwinWho is Who is he?he? He wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed.The Origin of Species7Thomas NewcomenWho is Who is he?he? He invented the first steam engine.8Gregor MendelWho is Who is he?he? He used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.9Marie CurieWho is Who is s she?he? She discovered radium.10Thomas EdisonWho is Who is he?he?He invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities.11Leonardo da VinciWho is Who is he?he? He was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people.12Zhang Heng Who is Who is he?he?He invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened.13 Stephen HawkingWho is Who is he?he?He put forward a theory about black holes.come up with 14Draw a conclusionThink of a methodCollect resultsMake a questionFind a problemAnalyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceThe 7 stages of proving a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?Thinking:15Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect resultsMake a question Find a problemAnalyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceThe 7 stages of proving a new scientific idea16 Defeats “ King Cholera” Reading:To cure the illness successfully Cholera is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Varian cholera. It infects peoples intestines(肠胃肠胃), causing diarrhea(腹泻腹泻), vomiting(呕吐呕吐) and leg cramps (小腿抽筋小腿抽筋). The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been polluted with the bacteria. Cholera can be mild (not severe) or even without symptoms(症状症状), but a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.John Snowa deadly diseasean infectious disease17Infectious diseases18 What do you know about infectious diseases?Infectious diseases can spread easily. They have an unknown cause and may do great harm to people.People could be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals, such as bird flu.AIDS, SARS ,H1N1 Flu are infectious diseases. They are difficult to cure.19What infectious disease impressed you most in 2003?What infectious disease impressed you most in 2005?What infectious disease impressed you most in 2009?SARSBird fluH1N1 flu20choleraBroad Street21127people died in the first three days.Many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. A deadly disease hit the city.London, 185422John Snow(1813-1858) John Snow was born in York on March 15th, 1813, the oldest of nine children.YorkLondon23He was an expert.He faced the challenge of helping people who were infected with cholera.He attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician a specialistcared for24Lets get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage: John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”25Read and answer 1. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water. C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.D. How John Snow collected, analyz(s)ed data and found the cause of the disease and solved it . 26Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph:John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He got interested in two theories explainingHe suspected the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.He found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera.Para. 1Para. 2Para. 3Para. 4Para. 5Para. 7Cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.Polluted water carried the virus.Para 6271.From what disease did Londoners suffer in his age? 2.Did people know how to cure the disease?3. When did Dr. Snow think the disease would be controlled? Listening and understanding 281.From what disease did Londoners suffer in his age? People in many provinces of China exposed themselves to the SARS in 2003. They exposed themselves to cholera. He thought about helping ordinarypeople (who are )exposed to cholera292. Did people know how to cure the disease?No, neither its cause nor its curewas understood. the cure for sth.cure sb. of sth.cure the disease303. When did Dr. Snow think the disease would be controlled? He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. People never know the value of health until they lose it.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor. 31 What was the first theory explaining how the disease killed people?That cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.32 What was the second theory explaining how the disease killed people?People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals and attacked the bodyAnd soon the affected person died. 33How serious was the disease outbreak in London? a severe illness a severe stormThe cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days. 341. What role did the map play in finding the cause of the disease? 2. Where were many of the deaths in Broad Street?3. Why did some houses have no deaths? 4. What did Dr. Snow think was responsible for the disease? 35The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. 1. What role did the map play in finding the cause of the disease? 36Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.Water pump373. Why did some houses have no deaths? These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump. 384. What did Dr. Snow think was responsible for the disease? e.g. The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. It seemed the water was to blame. 39What did Dr. Snow advise the people in Broad Street to do? Immediately he told the astonished people to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used. 40He removed his hat and gloves.Reference books mustnt be removedfrom the library.41John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by_.A. gathering information with the help of a mapB. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge StreetC. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. both A and B421.What else did Dr. Snow find in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak? 2. What conclusion did Dr. Snow tell the public? 431.What else did Dr. Snow find in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak? e.g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. In addition, he found 2 other deaths who died of cholera after drinking the water deliveredfrom the pump. 442. What conclusion did Dr. Snow tell the public?He announced with certaintythat polluted water carried the virus. 45To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? He suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.He suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.He instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore. 46Find a problemMake a questionAnalyze the resultsCollect resultsRepeat if necessaryDraw a conclusionFind supporting evidenceThink of a method of doing47Para 2:Make a question:Para 3:Structure of the textPara 1: Find a problem:Think of a method:Para 4:Collect results:What caused the cholera?Which theory is correct? To collect information on those who were ill or died and where they lived. Mark information on a map to find out the cause of the disease.48Para 6:Structure of the textPara 5: Para 7:Analyze the results:Find supporting evidence:Draw a conclusion: Analyze the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.Prevention of CholeraTwo other deathsAnnounce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.Examine the source of all the water sources and instruct people not to expose themselvesto polluted water any more. 49Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing50lDrink unpolluted boiled waterEat only food thats been thoroughly cooked and fruit that youve peeled. Avoid under cooked or raw fish and shellfish. Avoid raw salads and vegetables. Avoid food and drinks from street vendors. What should you do if youre traveling to a country that has a cholera outbreak? Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it.51Suppose youre John Snows assistant, please help him finish the following report. 52Neither its cause, nor its cure was understoodCholera multiplied in the air for no reasonpeople absorbed the disease with mealsgathered information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct53He found the cause of cholera was the polluted waterHe defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water 54Discussion1. What kind of person is John Snow? Describe him in a few sentences.John Snow is a determined man with great responsibility.He has a very strong will. He enjoys great challenges.He is persistent and very helpful.552. Do you admire John Snow? Why?3. What does his success inspire us?Success lies somewhere along the road.56 Great scientists always want to know more. They are never satisfied with a simple answer and are always looking for new questions. By asking why, how and what, if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions. Scientists always solve problems with scientific methods. Scientists help us understand the world better.57Post-reading What five most important qualities do you think a scientist should have? Give reasons. creative careful clever strict wise patient honest serious helpful loyal endurance generous determinedpersistent intelligent ambitioustalented out-going easy-goinghumorous hard-working diligent strong-willed optimistic energeticknowledgeable imaginative confident58 What skills, knowledge and characters should we have to meet the challenge we face?Thinking59Skills: teamwork; computer knowledge; foreign language; communication; managementKnowledge: physics; chemistry; biochemistry; biology; engineering; philosophy psychology .60Characters:creative careful clever strict wise patient honest serious helpful loyal endurance generous determinedpersistent intelligent ambitioustalented out-going easy-goinghumorous hard-working diligent strong-willed optimistic energeticknowledgeable imaginative confident 612. Which of the characters above 2. Which of the characters above do you think is the most important? do you think is the most important? Why? Why?Curious. Because only when you are Curious. Because only when you are curious about something, you will curious about something, you will try your best to find solutions.try your best to find solutions.62Or: Imagination. Without imagination, Or: Imagination. Without imagination, you wont invent anything. you wont invent anything. Or: Self confidence. We must believe in Or: Self confidence. We must believe in what we do, even when others dont. what we do, even when others dont. 63HomeworkHomework Write a short passage. The title is “A person I admire”. You can choose one or two interesting examples to show their character, describe what difficult situation they faced and how they solved the problem, or describe something unusual about them, something that makes them special. 64Thanks 65