句子成分主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补* *句子成分由句子成分由词或或词组充当充当英英语的基本成分有七种：的基本成分有七种：_和和_主主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表表语(predicative)、 宾语(object)、定定语(attribute)、状状语(adverbial)补语(complement)1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true. 主语：动作的发出者。（名词、代词、主语：动作的发出者。（名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、从句）数词、动名词、不定式、从句）简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well. 谓语：动作或状态。谓语：动作或状态。（动词）（动词）表语：系动词后的成分。（名词、表语：系动词后的成分。（名词、代词、动名词、不定式）代词、动名词、不定式）常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.Who was the first?6.He is out of condition.7.The book is what I need.宾语：动作的承受者。宾语：动作的承受者。（名词、（名词、代词、动名词、不定式）代词、动名词、不定式）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语He eats an apple.We play basketball.please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.补语：起补充说明作用。补语：起补充说明作用。宾补：补充说明宾语。宾补：补充说明宾语。 主补：补充说明主语主补：补充说明主语 。I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.Theteacher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.定语：限定或修饰名词或代词。定语：限定或修饰名词或代词。（形容词、名词、数词、（形容词、名词、数词、名词的所名词的所有格、分词等）有格、分词等）He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.状语：表示动作发生的时间状语：表示动作发生的时间,地点地点,原原因因,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等。频率等。（副词、介词短语）（副词、介词短语）用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或句介词短语或句子。子。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.基本句型基本句型主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+（其他成分）（其他成分）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）宾语（主谓宾）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补He went.He went there.He went there yesterday.He went there to see his mother yesterday.He went there to see his mother ill in hospital by bike yesterday.练习题：划分句子成分。练习题：划分句子成分。1. The weather changes very often in England.2. A friend in need is a friend indeed.3. Things of a kind comes together.4. He asks me when I will go home.5. There is an old saying that a friend in need is a friend indeed.6. That he is a good student makes us happy.