LESSION 5LESSION 5. Paraphrase1. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged (para1)At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly and start asking all kinds of questions. 2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. (para3) In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement. 3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure (para3)The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication (para4) In America the young people did not seriously take up the responsibility of changing the traditional customs of society; instead they lived unconventional lives and ,by drinking and behaving indecently in many ways, they broke the moral code of community. 5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit (para4)The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure. 6. our young men began to enlist under foreign flags (para5) As a result, the young men begin to join the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. they wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up (para5)The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the war ended. 8. they had outgrown towns and families (para6) These young people could no longer adapt to lives in their home towns or their families.9. the returning veteran also had to face . the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition (para6) The returning veteran soldiers also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did. They had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would be good for the people. 10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to give (para6)(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 11. it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and Puritanical gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center (para7) It was only natural that hopeful young writers, whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbittry, and Puritanical gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town had its fast set which prided itself on its unconventionality (para8) Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.B 1. The booming of American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corporate impersonality, and its large-scale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite behavior (flourishing) (aggression)Flourish has the sense of increasing towards or being in a very desirable condition, or one of maximum development .Boom has the sense of sudden, swift and vigorous growth. Aggressiveness here has the sense of the quality of enterprise and initiative, of being bold and active; whereas aggression refers to an unprovoked attack or to the practice or habit of being quarrelsome.flourish意为向很理想的状况发展或正处于该状况，即发展的鼎盛时期。boom意为突然迅速地蓬勃发展。aggressiveness在这里指大胆积极的开拓进取。aggression指无故地攻击别人或喜欢争吵。 2. it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were .turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth-century society (obsolete) Obsolete means no longer in fashion; out -of date; no longer in use or practice. Obsolescent in the process of becoming obsolete.obsolete指废旧的，不再时兴，不再使用的。obsolescent指向废旧转变的，过渡的。 3. The young men of college age in 1917, knew nothing of modern warfare. (wars) warfare means the action of waging war or armed conflict in general. War on the other hand has a wider scope, referring to any active hostility, contention or struggle, conflict (the war against disease). On the other hand it is more specific and specific and concrete, for example, he fought in this war (and not “warfare”).warfare泛指打仗或武装冲突。war一方面使用范围较广，可指任何敌对的争斗，如the war against disease，另一方面可用于具体的、个别的作战，如he fought in this war(不能用warfare)。4. Those who were reluctant to serve in a foreign army talked excitedly about Preparedness (preparations) Preparedness means the state of being prepared. Capitalized”Preparedness” refers to the Preparedness Movement, a campaign led by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt to strengthen the military of the United States after the outbreak of World War I, Preparation refers to act or process of preparingpreparedness指有所准备的状态，而preparations则指作准备的行动或过程。 5. business was suffering a recession that prevented the opening up of new jobs (depression)recession and depression are both euphemistic terms referring to recurring economic crisis in capitalist countries. Recession sounds milder than depression and depression milder than crisis. recession和depression同为婉转语，指资本主义国家经常出现的经济危机。recession比depression委婉些，而depression又比crisis委婉些。6. Their energies had been whipped up and their naivet destroyed by the war (innocence)Naive implies a genuine, innocent simplicity or lack of artificiality but sometimes connotes an almost foolish lack of worldly wisdom. Innocent implies lack of guilt or cunning, or doing or thinking nothing morally wrong.naive指真正的单纯或没有人为的痕迹，但有时又含有愚蠢、缺乏社会知识的意思。innocent指无罪，不会耍花样，或不做、不想不道德的事。7. Instead, their ideas had been generally ignored (disregarded) ignore suggests deliberate disregarding, sometimes through stubborn refusal to face the facts (But you ignore the necessity for action). Disregard implies inattention or neglect, usually intentional (He always disregards her wishes).ignore意为故意视而不见，有时表现为拒不接受事实。disregard意为不注意或疏忽，常常是有意的。8. there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe (migrate)migrate denotes a moving from one region or country to another and may imply, of people, intension to settle in a new land, or, of animals, a periodical movement influenced by climate, food supply, etc. Emigrate and immigrate are used only of people, emigrate specifically denoting the leaving of a country to settle in another. migrate意为从一地区、一国家迁移到另一地区、另一国家。指人时，意为迁往外地定居，指动物时，意为出于气候原因 和食物供给等进行季节性迁移。emigrate和immigrate仅用 于人，emigrate具体指人离开一个国家到另一个国家定居。C 1. we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.We have become a world power so we can no longer in our action just follow the principles of right and wrong as accepted in out own country, nor can we remain isolated geographically, protected by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans 2. this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revellers to sober up and face the problems of the new ageThe Great Economic Depression which started in the United States in 1 929 brought the young escapists back to their senses and stopped the wild，riotous lives they were living 3. As it became more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law and conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of flaming youth, it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames.Many other young people began to intensify and spread this revolt of the young by their own misdeeds (breaking the law and living unconventional lives). The young intellectuals living in Greenwich Village helped to keep the revolt alive and to spread it throughout the country.4. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.These young brothers and sisters did not take part in the war. Nevertheless they began to imitate the manners of their elders and live the unconventional and nonconforming lives of those who were rebelling against society. 5. but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where they do things better.The American people are not moved or stirred by anything. They are only conscious of money and wealth. The young sensitive intellectuals could find no cure for their worries and anxieties in America, so they immigrated to Europe where everything was done in a better way.