13.13.不定式不定式- -中考英语专题中考英语专题复习复习动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式在句子中用动词不定式在句子中用法灵活，作用很大，是中考法灵活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查项目之一，大中重要的考查项目之一，大家一定要学好吆！家一定要学好吆！肯定式：肯定式：to to + 动词原形动词原形否定式：否定式：not to not to + + 动词原形动词原形(to(to是不定式符号，无意义，是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带有时可以不带) )(一一)动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语和状语构成不定式短语。 （二）动词不定式的特征On the way to school on the way to see a filmI want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32.Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?They began to read and write.He is used to getting up early.Help yourself to some fish .She asked me to speak a little louder.She found him to be a very good pupil.If everyone makes a contribution to protectingthe environment, 你你知知道道 是是不不定定式式还还是是介介词词? ?to 不定式之前的不定式之前的to与介词与介词to不同。介词不同。介词to之后之后要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而不定式不定式to之后必须跟动词原形。之后必须跟动词原形。介介 词词to: to+to: to+名词名词/ /代词代词/ /动动名词名词不定式不定式to: to+to: to+动词原形动词原形作主语作主语 to do to do 作主语，常放句尾，作主语，常放句尾，用用itit作形式主语作形式主语 1. 1. It be adj. n. to do sth.Its good to see you. To see is to believe. 2. 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth.Its difficult to learn maths well.Exercise1跳舞非常有趣。跳舞非常有趣。2种些植物是非常有必要的。种些植物是非常有必要的。3说英语对我来说并不容易。说英语对我来说并不容易。4听到你的声音真高兴。听到你的声音真高兴。To dance is a lot of fun.It is a lot of fun to dance.To grow plants is very necessary.To hear your voice is so nice.To speak English is not easy for me.It is so nice to hear your voice.1、It is necessary _us to learn to wait. (of/for)2、It was careless _me to break the cup . （of/for)3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this table.(buy)4、Where _the corner is a difficult problem.(turn)to buyforofto turn5、Whether _there hasnt been decided . (go)6、轮到我们打扫教室了。、轮到我们打扫教室了。7、To save time is to lengthen life. （翻（翻译成中文）译成中文）to goIts our turn to clean the classroom.节省时间就是延长生命。节省时间就是延长生命。作表语作表语To see is to believe.他的愿望是成为一名医生。他的愿望是成为一名医生。His wish is to be a doctor.Exercise1我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。My work is to clean the room every day.The best plan is to leave at once.My dream is to be a scientist.作宾语作宾语(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.needtodolearntodoagreetodoplantododecidetodo refusetodobegintodostarttodotrytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodostoptodogoontodoExercise1他想借用我的录音机。他想借用我的录音机。2他们开始读和写。他们开始读和写。3李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。4你长大了想做什么？你长大了想做什么？He wants to borrow my radio.They began to read and write.What sports does Li Lin like to play? She likes to play soccer.What do you want to be when you grow up?作宾语补足语作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.wantsbtodowishsbtodogetsbtodoordersbtodofindsbtobelikesbtodowouldlikesbtodohelpsbtodo、他要求我再大声点儿。、他要求我再大声点儿。、Lucy告诉他不要哭。告诉他不要哭。23、吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人。、吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人。、他让我再做一次。、他让我再做一次。She asked me to speak louder.Lucy told him not to cry.Jim told Li Ming to give his best wishes to everybody.He let me do it again.作宾语补足语不带作宾语补足语不带to 的情况：的情况：Let me do it.I saw him cross the street.常见动词有：常见动词有： 使役动词使役动词: let, make, have 感官动词感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to比较：比较： I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room.常用省去常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（一感（feel）、二听（）、二听（hear,listento）、三让）、三让（make,let,have）、四看（）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）”Please listen to me sing this song again.I felt someone open my door.The boss made the girl work ten hour a day.You must watch me carefully do everything.1、We feel the train _.(move/to move)2、Do you like listening to other people_? (talk / talking/to talk ) 3、Jim was seen _the room. (enter /to enter )4、Please tell her _at once . (go /not to go)movetalkto enternot to go5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /solve )6、 I wish you to stay with us.(改成复合改成复合句）句）7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）改成被动句）(to ) solveI wish you will stay with us.We were made to laugh by her story.作状语作状语(adverbial)：HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.(目的目的)(目的目的)(目的目的)(结果结果)Iamgladtoseeyou.（原因）（原因）Imsorrytotroubleyou.（原因）（原因）作定语作定语Have you get anything to say?Hes looking for a room to live in?She has no clothes to wear?用作定语用作定语Givemesomethingtodrink.Ihavetwobookstoread.Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）Heaskedforaroomtolivein.Idonthaveapentowritewith.Theiceishardtoskateon.Heboughtatoytoplaywith.1 我有许多书要看。我有许多书要看。2 她有几个问题要问。她有几个问题要问。. 我没什么可担心的。我没什么可担心的。I have many books to read.She has a few questions to ask.I have nothing to worry about.、他是一个值得信赖的人。、他是一个值得信赖的人。、爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。、他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the first man to invent the lights.His sick mother has three months to live at most.不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用常用动词有常用动词有:ask know learn teach tell understand等。等。疑问词疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加加todo可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idontknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Thequestioniswho(m)toask.vsomething+todoShehasnothingtosay.Iwantsomethingtoeat.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Isthereanythingtoeat?vsomething+adj.+todoGivesomethinghottodrink.Ineedsomethingnicetoweartothepartynextmonth.Doyouhaveanythingcoldtodrink?我太累了，难于入睡。我太累了，难于入睡。 小男孩吓得一步也动不了。小男孩吓得一步也动不了。Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.Iwastootiredtosleep.too+adj./adv+todo太太(以致以致)不能不能(做做)tooforsb/sthtodo这箱子太沉了这箱子太沉了,他抬不起来他抬不起来.Theboxistooheavyforhimtolift.Theboxissoheavythathecantliftit.黎明太激动了，一句话也黎明太激动了，一句话也说不出来。说不出来。LiMingwastooexcitedtosayaword.LiMingwassoexcitedthathecouldntsayaword.adj.+enoughtodosth.十分（足够）十分（足够）他很富有，可以买辆小汽车。他很富有，可以买辆小汽车。Heisrichenoughtobuyacar.Heissorichthathecanbuyacar.adv+enoughtodo她跑得够快了，完全可以第她跑得够快了，完全可以第一个到达。一个到达。Sherunsfastenoughtogettherefirst.Sherunssofastthatshecangettherefirst.stoptodostopdoing停下来去做某事停下来去做某事停止做某事停止做某事goontodogoondoing继续做另一件事继续做另一件事继续做原来在做的事继续做原来在做的事remembertodorememberdoing记住要做某事记住要做某事记得曾经做过某事记得曾经做过某事forgettodoforgetdoing忘记要做某事忘记要做某事忘记曾经做过某事忘记曾经做过某事1 1、我记得以前见过你。、我记得以前见过你。Irememberseeingyou.Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.2 2、离开时请记得关灯。、离开时请记得关灯。动词不定式的注意点：动词不定式的注意点：1begin/ start/ hate/ like/love/ plan/ prefer，etc. Vt.+to do sth.和和 Vt.+doing 意义相似意义相似 2但但forget / remember / go on / stop / try ,etcVt.+to do sth.和和 Vt.+doing 意义不相同意义不相同动词不定式的注意点：动词不定式的注意点：3. 介词介词 to 与与不定式不定式 to 的区别的区别be used to习习惯惯于于 thanks to 由由于于,多多亏亏 prefer to 比较比较 make a contribution to 为为 作作贡贡献献 write to 写信给写信给 according to 根据根据Look forward to 期待，盼望期待，盼望!,Mother asked me _at home .(stay)2,Lets _a rest.( have)3,I saw him_a book. (drop)4,He found it very difficult _to sleep. (get )5,She went to the USA_English. (learn)6,I have much homework _.(do)7,I am sorry _you. (trouble)8,He spent 2 hours _his bike. (mend)9,Mother taught me _and _.(read, write)10,she is old enough _to school. (go)11,He will tell me before he _ .(leave)你学会了吗你学会了吗?tostayhavedroptogettolearntodototroublemendingtoreadwritetogoleaves1,Ishesure_hereontimetomorrow?A.beingB.comeC.tocomeD.coming2,Iwilltry_thepen_quickly.A.touse,writingB.touse,towriteC,touse,write3,Itwasthefirstnewspaper_ontrain.A.tosellB.sellingC.sold4,Thereare20moretrees_.A.plantB.areplantedC.tobeplanted5,Idontknow_.A,whattodoitB,howtodoC,howtosurf6,Jimaskedme_toChina.A,wheretogoB,whattobringC,whentobringCBCCCB单项选择单项选择Tellhim_thewindow.A.shutB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshutBIdontknow_next.A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whichtodoD.howtodoAItisveryimportant_us_it.A.to,torememberB.for,torememberC.for,rememberingD.to,rememberingBIttookusmorethantwohours_thedinner.A.prepareB.preparingC.toprepareD.bepreparedCWefelttheearth_.A.moveB.movingC.tomoveD.bemovedAThereisgoingto_anim-portantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry_late.A.have/nottobeB.have/notbeC.be/nottobeD.be/notbeCLucy,couldyoupleasehelpme_themapontheblackboard?A.putintoB.putupC.putoutD.putonBAtlast,hedecided_hismothertothehospital.A.takeB.tookC.totakeD.takingCThenewsmadeus_sad.A.feelingB.tofeelC.feelD.feltCItstimeforMeimeiand_towork.A.metogoB.ItogoC.megoingD.IgoingAWouldyoulike_forme?A.tomakeakiteB.makeakiteC.makingakiteAMymotheralwaystellsme_there.A.notgoB.nottogoC.goD.dontgoBMotherisill.Wedbetter_hertothehospital.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.takesCItsverynice_youtosayso.A.forB.ofC.toD.inBIsthere_intodaysnewspaper?A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.nothingimportantAWhatabout_fishingto-morrow?A.togoB.goC.goingD.wentCOnlyonecanhaveanapple,_you_Mary.A.both,andB.not,butC.neither,norD.either,orDThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan_ofWuhan.A.theseB.thisC.thatD.thoseCWouldyougetsomechalkforme?_.A.Yes,pleaseB.WhynotC.WithpleasureCIveneverbeentoBeijing_.A.beforeB.agoC.yetD.everAThereisgoingto_afoot-ballmatchinourschoolnestSunday.A.haveB.holdC.beD.hasCInEnglandpeopleeatalotoffishandchips._A.SowedoB.Oh,wedoC.Yes,theydoD.SodotheChinese.DIdontknow_.A.howtosayB.whattosayC.tosayhowD.tosaywhatBWhataboutsomething_?A.drinksB.drinkC.drinkingD.todrinkDHewas_clever_hepassedtheexameasily.A.too,toB./,enoughC.so,thatD.suchthatCDidyouseeyourfather_theTVscreenyesterday?A.inB.atC.onD.forCThegirlwantedtoknow_English.A.learningB.howtolearnC.tolearnD.howlearnBMothertoldme_inbed.A.notreadB.notreadingC.dontreadD.nottoreadDWillyouplease_mewhat_next?A.totell,todoB.telling,doC.tell,todoD.totelling,bedoneCLetme_you_theflowers.A.help,waterB.tohelp,towaterC.help,wateringA结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！59