五大基本句型识别五种基本句型：识别五种基本句型：（）（）They are working hard. （）（）I mailed the letter yesterday. She arrived in the city. （3 ）He is a university student. （4 ）He gave me a new bicycle . （）（）Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. 英语基本句型详解英语基本句型详解一一: +i (主谓主谓vi ) 二二: +t + (主及物动词宾主及物动词宾) Or：+i +Prep(介词介词) + (主不及物动词宾主不及物动词宾)辨析辨析 Vi / Vt ：1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly* 1. Who knows the answer? * 2. He is looking at the blackboard. * 3. He is reading a book. * 4. He said “Good morning.”* 5. He admits that he was mistaken. / He has refused to help them. / He enjoys reading.B*+i (主谓主谓vi ) 句子的扩装和修饰：句子的扩装和修饰：Eg: 1. The red sun rises in the east every morning.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.D. *+t + (主及物动词宾主及物动词宾) +i +Prep(介词介词) +(主不及物动词宾主不及物动词宾)Eg：1. Tom made a hole in the wall.2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3. They havent decided where to go next.4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.5. Mother promises to give me a present.6. Her grandma looked after her.7. He got to Hengyang at 8 Oclock.巩固练习巩固练习1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2在过去的十年里在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大。我的家乡已经发生了巨大。3五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。4秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 5. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。6. 他急急忙忙地走了。他急急忙忙地走了。s+vi 7今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 8这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。9他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。s+vt+o/s+vi+p+o10那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。11我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。12我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。三三: +l + (主主系系表表)1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand；3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;Eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. My sister stays slim.巩固练习巩固练习 +l + (主系表主系表)；1冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。 2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 5他失业了。他失业了。6树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。 7这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。四四: +t+ 主谓间宾（人）直宾（物）主谓间宾（人）直宾（物）He brings me cookies every day.= He brings cookies to me every day. She made me a beautiful dress.= She made a beautiful dress for me.先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。用用to侧重指动作的方向侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着表示朝着,向着向着,对着某人。对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人表示为了某人,替某人。替某人。借助借助to: bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等等借助借助for: buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。1. He lent me some money*He lent some money to me.2. She sang us a Japanese song.*She sang a Japanese song for us.3. He showed them some pictures. *He showed some pictures to them.4. The mother cooked his son some noodles. *The mother cooked some noodles for his son.巩固练习：巩固练习： 双宾双宾 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。件毛衣。巩固练习：双宾巩固练习：双宾1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？Would you please pass me the dictionary?4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。He showed the ticket to the conductor.巩固练习：双宾巩固练习：双宾5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi? 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。毛衣。He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first months salary.五五: +t + (主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。词等。Eg: The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.巩固练习巩固练习 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构1我们叫她我们叫她Alice。2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。巩固练习巩固练习 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构1我们叫她我们叫她Alice。We call her Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 We all consider him honest.3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。 They have set the thief free. 4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。 I want you to tell me the truth. 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。The guards ordered us to leave at once. 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。Every morning we hear him read English aloud.Find + 复合宾语复合宾语1. find +宾语宾语+名词名词You will find it a difficult book.你将发现这是一本难懂的书。你将发现这是一本难懂的书。You will find it a delightful place to stay.你会发现这是个令人愉快的地方。你会发现这是个令人愉快的地方。We all find him a very sensible man.我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。2. find +宾语宾语+副词副词He hurried there, but found them all out. 3. find +宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语We have gone over the contract and found everything in order.合同我们已经看过，感到没有问题。合同我们已经看过，感到没有问题。4. find +宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词*She found a wallet lying on the ground.*If slaves were found living together secretly they were cruelly whipped.如果奴隶们被发现私自同居，就会受到如果奴隶们被发现私自同居，就会受到残酷鞭打。残酷鞭打。*He was heartened to find the people living better than ever before.看到人民生活比过去任何时候都好，他看到人民生活比过去任何时候都好，他由衷地感到高兴。由衷地感到高兴。5. find +宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词He found the place much changed.We found her quite recovered.They found the street lined with people.他们发现大街两侧都站着人。他们发现大街两侧都站着人。Two of the windows were found broken. 发现有两扇玻璃窗被打破了发现有两扇玻璃窗被打破了6. find +宾语宾语+to beThis method was found to be practicable.大家发现这方法很可行。大家发现这方法很可行。He measured the cloth and found it to be the exact size.I found him to be kind and easy to get along with.注：在注：在find +宾语宾语 +to be这一结构中，这一结构中，to be常可省略。常可省略。7. find +宾语宾语+to be8. find + it +宾补宾补+ to do ( it为形式宾语为形式宾语. to do为真正的宾语为真正的宾语 用该句式的动词有用该句式的动词有find，think，feel，consider(认为认为), make等。等。 ）Liu Ming found very difficult to learn English well. Liu Ming found it very difficult to learn English well.WrongRightFind 翻译翻译 1.她发现地上有个钱包。她发现地上有个钱包。She found a wallet lying on the ground.2.他发现人们的生活比过去过得好。他发现人们的生活比过去过得好。He found people living better than before. 3. 他发现街上盖满了垃圾。他发现街上盖满了垃圾。He found the street covered with garbage.4. 有两扇窗户被打破了有两扇窗户被打破了.Two of the windows were found broken.5.他发现习语很难学。他发现习语很难学。He found it hard to learn idioms.6.我赶到那儿我赶到那儿,发现他们都出去了发现他们都出去了.I hurried there, only to find them all out.7. 老师发现寝室里一切东西都井井有条。老师发现寝室里一切东西都井井有条。The teacher found everything in the dormitory in order.8.我发现这是个美丽的地方。我发现这是个美丽的地方。I found it a beautiful place.make 翻译翻译 1.吃得太多使他病了。吃得太多使他病了。Too much food made him ill.2. 母亲给玛丽做了一件新衣。母亲给玛丽做了一件新衣。Mother made Mary a new dress.3.他们把这个故事改编成了戏剧。他们把这个故事改编成了戏剧。They made the story into a play.4. 我们选他当班长。我们选他当班长。We made him monitor.5.他制定一个规则，每天早上他制定一个规则，每天早上5点起床。点起床。He made it a rule to get up at 5 everymorning.6. 他让我重复一遍。他让我重复一遍。He made me repeat it.7. 你应该要让别人了解你的观点。你应该要让别人了解你的观点。You should make your views known.keep + O + adj./adv./ prep.Keep + O + doing/ done1. 你应该保持房间干净你应该保持房间干净.*You should keep your room clean.2. 你应该要保持一切井然有序你应该要保持一切井然有序.*You should keep everything in order.3. 我很抱歉让你等了这么长时间我很抱歉让你等了这么长时间.*Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.4. 她总是提醒她自己的梦想她总是提醒她自己的梦想.*She always kept herself reminded of her own dream.巩固练习：巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。巨大。3五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。1.She went home very late yesterday evening. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. I lived in Beijing five years ago.s+vi4秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 5. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。In autumn, some birds fly to the south. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.6. 他急急忙忙地走了。他急急忙忙地走了。 He left in a hurry. 7今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 8这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。9他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.s+vt+o/s+vi+p+oThey have carried out the plan successfully. 10那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。11我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。12我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 巩固练习巩固练习 +l + (主系表主系表)；1冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.3孩子们很少保持安静。孩子们很少保持安静。 Children seldom keep quiet. 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5他失业了。他失业了。 He is out of work. 6树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。 The leaves have turned yellow.7这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。 The report sounds interesting.巩固练习：双宾巩固练习：双宾1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？Would you please pass me the dictionary?4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。He showed the ticket to the conductor.巩固练习：双宾巩固练习：双宾5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi? 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。毛衣。He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.巩固练习：双宾巩固练习：双宾1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？Would you please pass me the dictionary?4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。He showed the ticket to the conductor.巩固练习：双宾巩固练习：双宾5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi? 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。毛衣。He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.巩固练习巩固练习 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构1我们叫她我们叫她Alice。We call her Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 We all consider him honest.3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。 They have set the thief free. 4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。 I want you to tell me the truth. 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。The guards ordered us to leave at once. 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。Every morning we hear him read English aloud.