基础知识自测基础知识自测重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练写作句型仿写写作句型仿写基础知识自测基础知识自测基础知识自测基础知识自测 (A)单词派生单词派生 一、单词拓展一、单词拓展1. _ n.矿，矿山矿，矿山 _ n. 矿工矿工2. _ v. 判断判断 _ n. 判断；辨别力判断；辨别力 judgment mineminerjudge3. _ vt. 损害损害; 伤害伤害 _ n. 损害损害; 伤害伤害 _ adj.受伤的受伤的4. _ v. 祝贺祝贺; 恭喜恭喜 _ n. 祝贺祝贺; (复数复数)贺词贺词 congratulation injureinjuryinjuredcongratulate5. _ adj. 电的电的; 导电的导电的 _ n. 电电; 电流电流; 电学电学 _ adj.与电有关的与电有关的6. _ v. (使使)惊吓惊吓 _ adj. 受惊的受惊的; 受恐吓的受恐吓的 _ adj. 令人恐惧的令人恐惧的frightening electricelectricityelectricalfrightenfrightened1. Two players are out of the team because of _(injure).介词后要接名词。介词后要接名词。2. My personal _ (judge) is that he is to blame. 形容词后接名词构成名词词组作形容词后接名词构成名词词组作主语。主语。judgementinjury(B)灵活运灵活运用用3. I think it is dangerous for _ (mine) to work in such terrible conditions.miners意为意为“矿工矿工”。4. His _ eyes made the boy feel_ . (frighten) 5. Bob left me his _(electric) fan before he went to London. 形容词修饰后面的名词。形容词修饰后面的名词。frighteningfrightenedelectric感到恐惧的感到恐惧的令人恐惧的令人恐惧的1. _ 立刻立刻; 马上马上2. _ 许多许多; 大量的大量的3. _ 结束结束; 终结终结4. _ 严重受损严重受损; 成为废墟成为废墟二、短语翻译二、短语翻译in ruins right awaya (great) number ofat an end5. _ 掘出掘出; 发现发现6. _ 仿佛仿佛; 好像好像7. _ 代替代替8. _ 像往常一样像往常一样as usual dig outas ifinstead of9. _ 被困住被困住, 被套住被套住10. _ 横切横切11. _ 三分之二三分之二12. _ 灾害侵袭的地区灾害侵袭的地区disaster-hit areasbe trappedcut across two thirds 三、语篇填空三、语篇填空 At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres 1 _(direct) below the city, the 2 _(great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 3 _is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. directly greatest which Steam burst from holes 4 _ the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5 _ (lie) in ruins. The suffering of the people 6 _(be) extreme. Two-thirds of 7 _ (they) died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many 8 _ (child) were left without parents. in lay was children them9 _ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard 10 _(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The to get 1. directly 修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意为为“正好正好”在这座城市下面。在这座城市下面。2. greatest 前有前有the，后有，后有of the 20th century表表示范围，可以确定用最高级。示范围，可以确定用最高级。 3. which 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是行词是Beijing。4. in 说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in；类似的墙上有洞，也用类似的墙上有洞，也用in。5. lay 由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一般过去时，般过去时，lie的过去时是的过去时是lay。lie in ruins成为成为废墟。废墟。6. was 主语是主语是The suffering(痛苦痛苦)，第三人，第三人称单数，一般过去时，故填称单数，一般过去时，故填was。7. them 作介词作介词of的宾语，人称代词用宾格。的宾语，人称代词用宾格。8. children 受受many修饰要用复数。修饰要用复数。9. The 从后面的数字看是指从后面的数字看是指“数量数量”，表，表示示“的数量的数量”用用the number of。10. to get 在作表语或补语的形容词后只能在作表语或补语的形容词后只能用不定式作状语。用不定式作状语。四、语段改错四、语段改错 All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakesthe army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshanto helping the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those that were trapped and to bury the dead. ofhelpwhoTo the north of the city, most of the10,000 minersare rescued from the coal mines here. Workers built shelters to survivors whose home had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by the train, truck and plane. Slow, the city began tobreath again.breathehomesthereSlowlyforwere1. helping help 作目的状语用不定式作目的状语用不定式(to do)。2. 在在people前加前加of 表示具体几千人不用表示具体几千人不用of，thousand也不用复数，如也不用复数，如three thousand people；表示数以千计的人，；表示数以千计的人，thousands后要后要加加of。3. that who 当先行词是指人的当先行词是指人的those时，只时，只能用能用who引导定语从句。引导定语从句。4. are were 由上下文谓语动词时态可知，由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过去时。用过去时。5. here there 指这座城市北面的煤矿指这座城市北面的煤矿“那里那里”。6. to for 表示表示“为某人为某人”造庇护所造庇护所/房子，用房子，用for sb.。7. home homes 由前面的由前面的shelters和和survivors可可知，用复数。知，用复数。8. 去掉去掉by后的后的the 用用by表示表示“乘乘”车车/船船/飞机等，飞机等，习惯上说习惯上说by bus /train/boat/plane，不用冠词。，不用冠词。9. Slow Slowly 位于句首，修饰全句，用副词位于句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语。作状语。10. breath breathe 表示开始做某事是表示开始做某事是begin to do sth.，故名词，故名词breath要改为动词要改为动词breathe。重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练 原句原句 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 城城市里市里, 一些大楼的水管破裂了。一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26)1. burst v. 爆裂爆裂; 突发突发例句例句 The balloon suddenly burst.气球气球突然爆炸了。突然爆炸了。burst in闯进来；突然插嘴闯进来；突然插嘴 burst into laughter=burst out laughing放声大笑放声大笑 burst into tears=burst out crying放声大哭放声大哭搭配搭配 When we were chatting in the room, he burst _.运用运用 填入一个恰当的词。填入一个恰当的词。 The audience burst _ cheers. As she was talking, the old man burst _crying with excitement.out into in2. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤，损害伤害，使受伤，损害例句例句 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受伤。伤。理解理解 说出下列各句的汉语意思。说出下列各句的汉语意思。 Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. He injured his knee yesterday.撞车事故中三人死亡，五人受伤。撞车事故中三人死亡，五人受伤。他昨天伤了膝盖。他昨天伤了膝盖。(3) I hope I didnt injure her feelings.(4) Dishonest injures a business. 欺骗有害生意。欺骗有害生意。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。3. shock v. (使使)震惊；震动震惊；震动 n. 休克；休克；打击；震惊打击；震惊例句例句 Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. 井里满井里满是沙子而不是水，人们惊呆了。是沙子而不是水，人们惊呆了。用法用法 作名词表示作名词表示“令人震惊的事令人震惊的事”时，时，前用前用a。派生派生 _ adj. (人人)感到震惊的感到震惊的 _ adj. (事事)令人震惊的令人震惊的shockingshocked(1)听到这个消息，我十分震惊。（一听到这个消息，我十分震惊。（一句多译）句多译）a. I _ to hear the news.b. I _ the news.c. _me to hear the news.d. The news _ a shock.gave me was shockedwas shocked atIt shocked运用运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。根据汉语意思完成英文句子。(2)听到这个令人震惊的消息，他感到震惊。听到这个令人震惊的消息，他感到震惊。He was shocked _. to hear/at the shocking news4. rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救援救；营救(savefrom harm or danger；set free)例句例句 Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。搭配搭配rescuefrom 从从中抢救或营救中抢救或营救 go/come to ones rescue援救或帮助某人援救或帮助某人 rescue work/ workers抢救工作抢救工作/ 救援人员救援人员运用运用 完成句子。完成句子。救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。The life boat was sent out to _ the sailors from the sinking ship. rescue 从危险中拯救，拯救的紧迫性，用从危险中拯救，拯救的紧迫性，用rescue更好。更好。 5. judge vt. 断定；判断；判决断定；判断；判决 n裁裁判员；法官判员；法官例句例句 Wearing proper clothes is important too, for people will judge you by what you wear. 穿合适的衣服穿合适的衣服也很重要也很重要, 因为人们会根据你穿的衣服因为人们会根据你穿的衣服来判断你。来判断你。(1) judgefrom/by 从从来判断来判断(2) as far as I can judge 据我判断据我判断, 我我认为认为(3) judging by/from 从从上看；根上看；根据据判断判断联想联想说明说明 judging from/by用在句首时用在句首时, 为一个独立成分为一个独立成分, 不受句子主语不受句子主语和时态影响和时态影响, 只用现在分词作状语只用现在分词作状语, 而不用过去分词。而不用过去分词。运用运用 根据汉语提示根据汉语提示, 完成句子。完成句子。(1) Schools tend to_ (根据根据来判断来判断) the performance of their students in exams.(2) _ (从表情上看从表情上看) on Adams face, the news must have been terrible.Judging by the lookbe judged by 6. at an end 终了；结束终了；结束例句例句 The fathers patience was at an end after the babys long crying. 婴儿婴儿哭了很久后，爸爸的耐心终于没有了。哭了很久后，爸爸的耐心终于没有了。at the end of在在的尽的尽头头,末端末端(指指时间时间,地点等地点等) by the end of到到未之前未之前(指指时间时间,常与常与完成完成时连时连用用) in the end/finally/at last/eventually最后；最后；终终于于put an end to结结束束 come to an end结结束束 联联想想运用运用 用适当的介用适当的介词词填空。填空。 My friend is waiting for me _ the end of the road. _ the end of last month we had finished Book 4. _ the end，they got to their destination.InatBy7a great number of许多；大量许多；大量例句例句 I have a large number of letters to answer我有许多信要回。我有许多信要回。a(great，large) number of(+复数名词复数名词)许多许多the number of(+复数名词复数名词)的数目的数目比较比较“a number of+复数名复数名词词”作主作主语时语时，谓谓语动词语动词用复数；用复数；“the number of+复数名复数名词词”作主作主语时语时，谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数。数。注意注意运用运用 用所给词的适当形式填空或完成用所给词的适当形式填空或完成句子。句子。 The number of the people invited to the party _ (be) 50 last night，but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons _ (许多人许多人) lost their lives in the terrible disaster A number of peoplewaswere写作句型仿写写作句型仿写写作句型仿写写作句型仿写 原句原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26)1. It seems as if 看上去好像看上去好像 ; 似乎似乎例句例句 It seemed as if the sky would fall down. 似乎天要塌下来了。似乎天要塌下来了。仿写仿写 看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。_ except me.说明说明 其中其中as if 可用可用as though替代替代 It seems as if everybody knows it (2)听她说话的口气她好像去过美国。听她说话的口气她好像去过美国。好像这个问题没有解决的办法。好像这个问题没有解决的办法。(3)好像这个问题没有解决的办法。好像这个问题没有解决的办法。_ no solution to this problem.It seems as if there isIt seemed as if she had been to America from her words.例句例句 All students can not go to key university after they graduate from middle school.不是所有的学生中学毕不是所有的学生中学毕业后都能上重点大学。业后都能上重点大学。2. all. not=not all.并非都并非都原句原句 All hope was not lost. 不是所有不是所有的希望都破灭了。的希望都破灭了。(B1P26)仿写仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。根据汉语意思完成英文句子。说明说明 all, both, each, always, every及及every的合成词与的合成词与not 连用时表部分否定。连用时表部分否定。(1)不是所有的学生都通过了考试。不是所有的学生都通过了考试。_ have passed the exam.Not all the students(2)并不是每个人都像你那么自私。并不是每个人都像你那么自私。 _ is as selfish as you. Not everyone(3)不是你们两个都有机会去美国。不是你们两个都有机会去美国。_ have the opportunity to go to America.Both of you cant