高考- 连 词?连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。?并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用?从属连词一般连接主句与从句的词。从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。? （一）并列连词：?并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有： and（和），as well as（既又），both and（不但而且），not only but also（不但而且），not but（不是而是），neither nor（既不也不），either or（不是就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：? Both my brother and my sister are teachers./? His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）.? He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task .? （二）从属连词（二）从属连词? 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：? 引导时间状语从句的引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as ? 引导原因状语从句的引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as? 引导让步状语从句的引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though)? 引导条件状语从句的引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as ? 引导结果状语从句的引导结果状语从句的：? so that , such that ? 引导目的状语从句的：? so that , in order that ? 引导比较状语从句的：? as as , not so (as) as , than ? 引导方式状语从句的引导方式状语从句的：as if ? 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中三个。其中that 和和whether有有时候还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1.当while, when, as 引导时间状语从句时的区别：while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that” 。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying； when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 “at the time”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I wentinto the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while、He often makes mistakes when he is speakingEnglish. （when可换成while） as 常可与常可与when ，while 通用，但强调通用，但强调“一边、一边、一边一边”。例如：。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of Number 37. ? when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主从句中的主语与主句主语一致，从句中是“主语+be动词”结构时，这时主语和be动词可以省略。例如：? When (he was ) young, he worked for a rich man.? when有时代替if，引导条件句，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：? Ill come when (if) Im free.? 2、 before 的特殊用法? before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：? He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；? Before I could get in a word he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。拓展：有关before特殊句型用法1）It will(not) be +时间段+before+从句（现在时）意思是“要过一段时间才/用不了多长时间就” It will not be long before we meet. 要不了多久我们就会见面的。It will be 5 days before you getyour licence. 你还有5天时间就拿到证来了2）It was (not) +时间段+before+从句（过去时），意思是“过了一段时间才/没过一段时间就”It wasnot long before our hometown was liberated 没过多久我们的城镇就解放了。?3、till, until 用法区别?用于否定句时，结构为not until (till) ，主句谓语动词延续与非延续都可以，意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到为止”。?例如：?They played （延续性动词） volleyball until (till) it got dark.? He didnt go to bed（非延续性动词）until (till) the his father came back.；?until可以放在句首，till 则不行，?例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing.?在not until 引导的倒装句中，不用till, 如：?Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；?till, until 只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked until /till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as 或to表达）。? 4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：? 如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because , 因此because 引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because 回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill. ；? 如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since 。since 比as更正式些。as和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。? 一般情况下as译成 “由于”，since 译成 “既? 例如：例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.? Since everyone is here, now lets begin.? 5、although和though? although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：although用于各种文体，而用于各种文体，而though则多用于非则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或（或yetthey went on working）? though常与even 连用，构成even though 短语，even though 表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说even although ，例如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling. ? though可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。例如：? It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.? although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。?6、once 用法?once 作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I dont believe he was oncea thief. ?(once 这里是副词)?Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. ( once 连词)?7、unless 引导条件状语从句等于if not 。例如：Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.?看下列这道题? He had never been praised before _he went to university. ? A unless B. until C. when D, ifB. Until从句中时态：主将从现?8、在用、在用as if引导的方式状语从句引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：拟语气。例如：?He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：?It looks as if it is going to rain.? 9、whether, if 引导从句的用法区别：? 引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether ，不用if。例如：? Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known.? The question is whether we can finish the task on time.? The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ? whether可接不定式，而可接不定式，而if则不可则不可。例如：I havent decided whether to leave or not. whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money.? Whether he will come, I am not sure.? whether和if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia? I wonder if it doesntrain. ? 引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，有时候与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与不能与if合起来使合起来使用用。例如：I dont know whether/ if they will come or not.? I dont know whether or notthey will come.（这时候不能用if）? if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.? 10、as 作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。? as引导时间状语从句，意为“当 时”。例如：? As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ? as引导方式状语从句，意为“象 一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.? as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：? As you are tired, you had better rest.? as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”? Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.)?另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：? I have the same book as you.专项巩固专项巩固-连词连词请同学们做试卷上的习题请同学们做试卷上的习题? 练习、连词练习、连词? 1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard.? A. but B.if C.when D.as? 2. _ you are dismissed.? A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or? C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and? 3. They had camped 露营露营 once before, _ they knew what to take.? A. because B. now C. so D. since? 4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. ? A. because of B. owing to? C. due to D. that? 5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the fields.? A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they? 6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds 理由理由 of complaint.? A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.? 7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand you correctly.? A. since B. for C. because D. so that? 8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.? A. unless B. as C. if D. until? 9. Francis did the task_ his brother.? A. as good as B. as better as ? C. as well as D. as best as? 10.The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.? A. as B. what C. that D. whom? 11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.? A. yet B. besides C. also D. then? 12. It looks _ its going to rain.? A. that B. as C. as if D. like that? 13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.? A. Because she went B. After she went? C. When she went D. Since she went? 14._he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky. A. Until B. Since C. While D. During? 15. We arrived at the station _ the train had left.? A. after B. before C. since D. when? 16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.? A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If? 17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finished.A. so B. until C. and D. when? 18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not find any work. A. and B. yet C. or D. and but? 19. Hurry up, _ youll be late.? A. or B. and C. so D. yet? 20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did. A. so B. as C. like D. that? 21. My sister is waiting for me,_ I must be off now.? A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise? 22. We should pay attention _ to industry _ to agriculture.? A. either, or B. neither, nor ? C. not, but D. both, and? 23. He ran off_ I could stop him.? A. before B. after C. since D. when? 24._ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. ? A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since? 25. Where have you been _ you left home? A. before B. as C. since D. when ? 26._ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.? A. Until B. Since C. AfterD. Unless? 27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.? A. as B. than C. like D. white? 28.It is late; _, Im too tired to go out.? A. besides B. except ? C. except for D. except that? 29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas. A. not . .but. B. either. .or.C. neither. .nor. D. whether. .or.? 30. He will come _ you ask him.? A. whether B. unless C. if D. while? 31._ he will come or not is still unknown.? A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether? 32.I don t know _ to stay at home or go out.? A. whether B. if C. how D. where? 33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.? A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to? 34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult. A. On the one hand ? B. On the contrary C. On the other hand ? D. On the other contrary? 35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.? A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless? 36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.? A. so that B. when ? C. otherwise D. therefore? 37. We must do _ the people want us to do.? A. whatever B. however ? C. wherever D. whenever? 38. You are certainly right,_ others may say. A. what B. whatever C. that D. as? 39._ makes mistakes must correct them.? A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever? 40.Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. ? A. when B. where ? C. whoever D. whenever? 41._ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.? A. Wherever B. Whenever ? C. Where D. When? 42._you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.? A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then? 43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.? A. No matter how B. No matter what ? C. No matter when D. No matter where? 44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,_ we are closely united.? A. so far as B. so long as ? C. as soon as D. as well as? 45._ I know he will stay here for half a year.? A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as? 46. Please write me _ you arrive in New York.? A. as well as B. so long as ? C. as far as D. as soon as? 47. That is not _ I want.? A. that B. why C. what D. whose? 48. _ he did it remains a secret.? A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How? 49. It is quite clear _ he wont see us.? A. what B. that C. why D. how? 50. Would you tell me _ way I should take? A. what B. that C. which D. whose? 51. I am sure _ you said is true.? A. what B. that C. which D. who? 52. The trouble is _ we can not find such an expert.? A. why B. that C. where D. /? 53. It has not been decided _ they will leave.? A. why B. when C. which D. what? 54. We shall go _ you are ready.? A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since? 55. He will tell you about it _ you get there. ? A. while B. as C. when D. /? 56. Dont try to get off the bus _ it has stopped.? A. while B. as C. since D. before? 57. Ill come and see you _ I go to the countryside.? A. while B. when C. as soon as D. before? 58. _ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.? A. While B. When C. Since D. After? 59. Things have changed a lot _ I wrote to you last time.? A. when B. since C. as D. before? 60. I cant use your pen, _ there is no ink in it. A. for B. when C. if D. whether ? 61. Id like to go swimming _ the water is not too cold.? A. for B. unless C. if D. whether? 62. Difficulties are nothing _ we are not afraid of them.? A. for B. as C. if D. whether? 63. The doctor will not perform the operation _ it is absolutely necessary.? A. when B. if C. for D. unless? 64. Go back _ you came from. A. until B. where C. which D. when? 65. He lay _ the grass was the thickest. ? A. where B. when C. that D. after? 66. You will find friendly people _ you go in China.A. where B. and C. wherever D. so67. _ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.? A. If B. Whether C. But D. Though? 68. _ he has finished writing the novel is unknown. ? A. If B. Whether C. When D. While? 69. Well go and see the patient _we are busy. ? A. even if B. for C. if D. while? 70. The museum is _ far _ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.? A. such. that B. as.as ? C. so.that D. so as? 连连 词词? 15 ABCDA 610 CDACA 1115 ACDBA 1620 BCBAB 2125 CDABC ? 2630 BBABC 3135 DACBC 3640 AABCD 4145 AAABC 4650 DCDBC ? 5155 ABBBC 5660 DDCBA 6165 CCDBA 6670 CDBAC