Unit 5 First aid for burns Language points1. Firstaid is a temporary form of help giventosomeone who suddenly fallsill or getsinjured before a doctor can be found. given to someone 是过去分词做后置定语，修饰help ，give与help 在逻辑上是被动关系。aid (v)帮助，援助 （n）U帮助，援助 ；C助手，辅助用品例句：A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language.字典是学习一门外语的宝贵的辅助工具. He aids me in business.他在生意上帮助我. performfirstaid(totheinjured) 对伤患者进行急救give/offerfirstaid 给予急救 come/go to sb.s aid 前来/去帮助某人 with the aid of 借助于 in aid of 为了帮助 aid sb in/ with 为某事帮助某人 aid sb. to do sth. 帮某人做某事2) temporary: adj. 临时的,短暂的 3)fallillfall在此为连系动词，意为在此为连系动词，意为“变得变得，进入某种状，进入某种状态态”，后接，后接n./adj.，如，如fallasleep睡着睡着fallsilent安静下来安静下来falllame变跛变跛fallbehind落后。落后。fallill为短暂性动词，不可表示一段持续时间为短暂性动词，不可表示一段持续时间常见的系动词是常见的系动词是be，除了，除了be动词之外还有一些，动词之外还有一些，他们大致可分为四类：他们大致可分为四类：1）.表示表示“似乎似乎”，如：，如：appear,seem2）.表示表示“感觉感觉”如：如：look,sound,feel,taste,smell3）.表示表示“变化变化”如：如：become,come,get,grow,turn,fall,go4）.表示其他含义表示其他含义如：如：keep,remain,stay,stand,lie,prove,turnout4)getinjuredget是连系动词，后接分词形式的是连系动词，后接分词形式的形容词，意为形容词，意为“变得变得，进入某种状态，进入某种状态”，get是个是个瞬间动词。瞬间动词。类似结构：类似结构：gethurt_getmarried_getchanged_getlost_getpaid_getdressed_getdrunk_getinfected_getseparated_getbored_getburned_Suggested Answers:受伤；结婚；改变；迷路；受伤；结婚；改变；迷路；发工资；穿衣服；喝醉；受感染；被分开；变得发工资；穿衣服；喝醉；受感染；被分开；变得沉闷；燃烧。沉闷；燃烧。 injured(adj.)“受伤的受伤的”;injure（vt.）使受伤，损害，伤害使受伤，损害，伤害;injury（n）伤口，）伤口，伤害伤害injure指由于意外或事故而受伤指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可指无也可指无形的伤害形的伤害.hurt多指精神上或肉体上受到的伤害多指精神上或肉体上受到的伤害,含有含有较强烈的疼痛意味较强烈的疼痛意味.wound指外界暴力引起的皮肉伤指外界暴力引起的皮肉伤,是出血的是出血的严重的伤严重的伤,尤指战场中的伤害尤指战场中的伤害.harm指精神或肉体上的损害指精神或肉体上的损害,但不表示伤痛但不表示伤痛.可指对抽象事物可指对抽象事物.damage主要指对事物主要指对事物(价值价值/用途用途/外观等外观等)造成的损害造成的损害,损失损失. 1)Youll_herfeelingsifyouforgetherbirthday.2)Thesoldierwas_inthearm.3)Hewasbadly_intheaccident.4)Lastnightaterriblestormhittheareaandmanypeoplewere_.5)Mystomach_becauseIhaveeatentoomanyapples.SuggestedAnswers:1)hurt2)wounded3)injured4)injured5)hurts2.bleed：（：（vi/vt）放血，流血）放血，流血bled(过去过去式式)-bled(过去分词过去分词)bloodn.血液，血统血液，血统bloodyadj.血染的，血染的，出血的，残暴的出血的，残暴的bleedtodeath_bloodbank_bloodtype_bloodtest_bloodpressure_bloodtransfusion_Bloodisthickerthanwater._SuggestedAnswers:失血过多致死；血库；失血过多致死；血库；血型；验血；血压；输血；血浓于水血型；验血；血压；输血；血浓于水句意理解句意理解：1）Theagesofmostofthepeopleinourcompanyaremorethan50.soweneednewbloodhere.2）Themurdererkilledthelittlegirlincoldbloodbecausehewasafraidofheraccusation.3）Johncomehomewithabloodynose.4）Thewayhetreatedthesepeoplereallymakemybloodboil.5）Shesweatedbloodoverhercareer.新生力量新生力量蓄意地，有预谋地，残酷无情地蓄意地，有预谋地，残酷无情地受挫折受挫折使某人火冒三丈使某人火冒三丈拼命工作，累死累活地干拼命工作，累死累活地干选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空1)Thewound_foralongtime.Nowondertherewassomuch_ontheground.2)Seeinghissons_nose,theyoungmotherwonderedwhattodo.3)Theyareofthesame_.Suggested Answers:1)hadbled;blood2)bloody/bleeding3)blood 3.Chokevt使窒息，使呼吸困难；使窒息，使呼吸困难；堵塞堵塞例句例句:Healmost_(噎死噎死)onafishbone.Thechimneywaschokedupwithsoot.那个烟囱被烟灰堵住了那个烟囱被烟灰堵住了.辨析：辨析：choke指阻塞人的呼吸道或管指阻塞人的呼吸道或管道，水流等道，水流等；block指阻塞道路，使人，物，车等指阻塞道路，使人，物，车等无法顺利通过无法顺利通过。4.barrier（cn）屏障，栅栏等障碍物，）屏障，栅栏等障碍物，障碍障碍(+to)languagebarrier_barriertosuccess_barrieragainstdisease_barrierbetweenthetwocountries_SuggestedAnswers:语言障碍；成语言障碍；成功的障碍；防止疾病的屏障；两国之间功的障碍；防止疾病的屏障；两国之间的屏障的屏障5.actas当作；充当；担任当作；充当；担任的的角色角色e.g.Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson.一条经一条经过训练的狗可以给盲人当向导。过训练的狗可以给盲人当向导。 6.poison(n)U/C毒药，毒害毒药，毒害；有害的事有害的事物（物（vt）投毒，使中毒，污染，毒害（思）投毒，使中毒，污染，毒害（思想想）poisonous（adj）有毒的）有毒的,很糟糕的很糟糕的例句：例句：Thesefoodscontainadeadlypoison.这些这些食物含有剧毒食物含有剧毒。Hatredisapoisonthatwilldestroyyourlife.憎恨是会毁掉一个人生活的有害憎恨是会毁掉一个人生活的有害的东西的东西。Televisionviolenceispoisoningthemindsofyoungpeople.暴力电视正毒害暴力电视正毒害年轻人的思想年轻人的思想。7.Itkeepsyouwarmorcool;Itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.1）keep+宾语宾语+宾补（形容词宾补（形容词/现在分词现在分词/过过去分词去分词/介词介词/方位副词）方位副词）“使继续处于某种使继续处于某种状态状态”使自己保持健康使自己保持健康_使使自己保持清醒自己保持清醒_使工人整天工作使工人整天工作_Suggested Answers:keeponeselfhealthy;keeponeselfclear-headed;keeptheworkersworkingallday 2)stopsb/sth(from);keepsb/sthfrom;preventsb/sth(from)“阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事”Protectsb/sthfrom/against保护某人保护某人/某物某物免受免受的损害的损害Noonecanpreventtheplanfrom_（阻止这个计划的实施）（阻止这个计划的实施）.Thesuddenrainprevented_(阻止我们动身阻止我们动身)Alineoffirstwasbuiltalongtheborderto_thecountryagainstattack.A.preventB.protectC.stopD.keepSuggested Answers:beingcarriedoutussettingoffprotect3)sense：n.感觉；鉴别力，判断力；意义感觉；鉴别力，判断力；意义a/thesenseoftouch/sight/hearing/taste/smellasenseofhumour/beauty/direction/security/guiltyhavethesensetodo_commonsense_inasense_makesenseof_makesense_makenosense_Thereisnosensein(doing)sth_Suggested Answers:触觉触觉/视觉视觉/听觉听觉/味觉味觉/嗅嗅觉；幽默感觉；幽默感/美感美感/方向感方向感/安全感安全感/罪恶感；有良罪恶感；有良好的判断；常识；从某种意义上说；懂得；讲得好的判断；常识；从某种意义上说；懂得；讲得通，有道理；没道理，讲不通；没有理由做某事通，有道理；没道理，讲不通；没有理由做某事 8.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious.该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious；从句为；从句为asyoucanimagine。As引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有容，有“正如正如”或或“就像就像”的意思；的意思；它所引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、它所引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。句中或句末。例句：例句：Theworkisnotsodifficultasyouimagine. 9.variety:sing/pl(+of)各种（事物）；各种（事物）；C动动植物等的种类；植物等的种类；C多样化，变体多样化，变体例句例句:TheT-shirtsareavailableinawidevarietyof/varietiesofcolors.1）Avarietyoftoys_(be)onshowintheshop.2）Thevarietiesofthebookshehas_(be)astonishing.3）There_(be)anewvarietyofapple.Suggested Answers:1)was（variety指指“多样多样”时，为单数）时，为单数）2)are3)is/was 10.electric/electricalelectric通常指使用或产生电力的通常指使用或产生电力的,常修饰具体的词：常修饰具体的词：electriclight/guitar/drill/chair/shockelectrical与更概括的词如与更概括的词如equipment（电器设备）和（电器设备）和wring（传电线路）以及与电有关（传电线路）以及与电有关或有关电的研究内容的。或有关电的研究内容的。electricalfault/engineer电力故电力故障障/电器工程师电器工程师11.swellvt/vi（-swelledptswollenpp）:vi/vt肿，使膨胀；肿，使膨胀；swollen（adj）肿胀的，涨满水的）肿胀的，涨满水的例句：例句：Theheavyrainswelledtheriver.大雨使河水上涨大雨使河水上涨。Hisinjuredwristbegantoswellup.他受伤的手腕开始肿起来他受伤的手腕开始肿起来。Hisheartwasswollenwithprideathisachievement.他有了他有了成绩而沾沾自喜成绩而沾沾自喜。12.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuckto the burn.1) unless 除非；如果不 = if not例句：He will not leave unless he receives the order from his boss. = He will not leave if he doesnt receive the order from his boss.2)stick:vt/vi（-stuckptstuckpp）,粘在粘在上；刺入，戳上；刺入，戳搭配：搭配：getstuckin陷入，卡住陷入，卡住sticksthinsth陷在陷在里或刺入里或刺入sticksthon(sth)/sticksth.tosth把把(某物某物)贴在某物上贴在某物上stickto+n/pron./doing:把把(某物某物)贴在某物上贴在某物上;坚持，坚守坚持，坚守（真理（真理/原则原则/决定决定/理论理论/计划计划/诺言诺言/愿望愿望/理想等）；忠于理想等）；忠于;坚持正在做的事情。坚持正在做的事情。1)Gluewas_（粘到他的手指上了）。（粘到他的手指上了）。2)Ifyou_（坚持真理）（坚持真理）,youhavenothingtofear.3)Heisamanwho_.（忠于他的朋友）。（忠于他的朋友）。Suggested Answers: 1)stucktohisfingers2)sticktothetruth3)stickstohisfriends辨析：辨析：stickto/insiston/persistinstickto指坚持指坚持“原则，计划，诺言，决定原则，计划，诺言，决定”等。等。stickto+doing表示表示坚持正在做的事情坚持正在做的事情insiston坚持坚持“意见，主张意见，主张”等或坚持某种等或坚持某种看法。看法。insistondoing坚持要求要做某事。坚持要求要做某事。persistin坚持行动，有时表示固执己见或坚持坚持行动，有时表示固执己见或坚持不放。不放。(1)Healways_hispromise.(2)He_leavingthatday.(3)She_studyinginhersparetime.Suggested Answers: 1)sticksto2)insistedon3)persistsin 扩展：介词扩展：介词to与动词的搭配（高中部与动词的搭配（高中部分分）：）：beusedto习惯于习惯于objectto反对反对leadto导致导致lookupto尊敬尊敬getdownto着手做着手做devoteoneselfto献身于献身于turnto求助于求助于referto提及，提及，参考参考taketo变得喜欢、开始经常变得喜欢、开始经常contributeto有助于，为有助于，为捐献，捐献，为为作贡献作贡献devoteto把把献献给给lookforwardto盼望盼望13.Takeoffotherclothingandjewelleryneartheburn.takeoff脱下，脱掉；休假；起飞脱下，脱掉；休假；起飞例句：例句：Atbedtime,Itakeoffmyclothesandputonmypajamas.IdliketotakenextMondayofftovisitmysisterinhospital.Theplaneistakingoff.14.Coolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.第一个第一个cool是动词，表是动词，表“使凉爽，使凉爽，使冷却使冷却”；第二个；第二个cool是形容词，是形容词，表表“凉爽的凉爽的”例句：例句：Insummerpeoplegoouttocoolthemselvesatnight.Itsreallyacooldaytoday.15.Itsbesttoplaceburnsundergentlyrunningwaterforabout10minutes.1)Itsbesttodo=Youdbetterdo例句：例句：Itsbesttotellhimthetruth.Itsbestnottowastertimearguingwithhim.16.squeezevt/vi从中榨取从中榨取水分，果汁等；勒索；挤进，塞入水分，果汁等；勒索；挤进，塞入Isqueezedoutmywetclothes.（拧干（拧干）Thoseblackmailers(勒索者勒索者)intendedtosqueezemoremoneyoutof/fromhim.（从（从向榨取向榨取）IsthecarfullorcanIsqueezein?（挤进，塞入挤进，塞入）17.overandoveragain:重复地，再三重复地，再三地地=manytimes/repeatedly/againandagain/timeandagain/timeandtimeagain/overandoveroveragain=oncemore/onceagain1)Ivetoldyou_(再三再三)nottodothat.2)Ididntquitegetit.Wouldyoupleasereadit_(再次再次)?Suggested Answers:1)overandoveragain2)overagain 18.inplace:在适当的（或常处的、原来的、在适当的（或常处的、原来的、指定的）位置；指定的）位置；适当的适当的;1).Everythingintheroomwas_(井井有条井井有条)whentheguestsarrived.2).Youngashewas,hiswordsanddeedswere_(非常得体非常得体)attheparty.Suggested Answers:1)inplace2)inplaceplacen.地点，地方；名次；位置；社会地位，地点，地方；名次；位置；社会地位，身份身份v放置放置例句：例句：ThisisthebestplaceIhaveeverbeento.Marywonfirstplaceinthesingingcontest.扩展：扩展：outofplace不适合，不恰当不适合，不恰当taketheplaceofsb/sth代替的位置代替的位置takeplace发生发生takeonesplace代替某人的位置；就职，就位代替某人的位置；就职，就位inplaceof=(insbs/sthsplace)代替代替inthefirstplacefirstofall首先，第一首先，第一Assoonasallthechairsare_,wecanletpeoplein.Greatchanges_inmyhometowninrecentyears.Herdresswas_atthemeeting,whichmadeherquiteupset.Johnwill_Samasleaderintheteam._,weshouldcalmdownthepeople.Second,weshouldholdameetingatonceSuggested Answers:1)inplace;2)havetakenplace;3)outofplace;4)taketheplaceof/beinplaceof;5)Inthefirstplace 19.Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.翻译：翻译：ifpossible是省略句，相当于是省略句，相当于ifitispossible，意思是，意思是“如果可能的话如果可能的话”为了表达方为了表达方便，英语中会出现很多口语话的省略形式。便，英语中会出现很多口语话的省略形式。Ifpossible(=Ifitispossible，如果可能的话，如果可能的话),discusswhatkindoffirstaidyoushouldgiveinthesesituations.(Warming-up,Unit5)Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessary(=Ifitisnecessary，如果必要的话，如果必要的话)unlessitisstucktotheburn.（P34，L36） Didyouorsomeoneelsegivehelpinanyofthem?If_(=Ifitistrue，如果是这，如果是这样的话样的话),whatkindofhelp?Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithmetomorrow?If_,Illdosomeshoppingalone.Howaboutputtingsomepicturesintotheairport?-Whynot?(为什么不？当然，好为什么不？当然，好啊啊)Apictureisworthathousandwords.Hurryup!Wellbelate.-Sowhat?(那又那又怎样呢怎样呢)Doyoureallywanttoattendthatboringlecture?Idliketotakeaweeksholiday.-Forgetit(忘掉吧，算了吧忘掉吧，算了吧),weretoobusy.状语从句的省略：是一个非常重要的考点。状语从句的省略：是一个非常重要的考点。在时间，条件，让步，原因等状语从句中，在时间，条件，让步，原因等状语从句中，如果状语从句中的主语和主句相同或者从如果状语从句中的主语和主句相同或者从句的主语是句的主语是it，从句谓语动词又含有，从句谓语动词又含有be的的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的_和和_。构成。构成“从属连词从属连词+形容词形容词/现现在分词在分词/过去分词过去分词/名词名词/副词副词/介词短语介词短语/不定式不定式”的结构。这种句子更简练，流畅。的结构。这种句子更简练，流畅。Becareful_(过马路时过马路时).Dontspeak_(直到被要求直到被要求).Shewontcome_(除非受邀请除非受邀请). Hewasfondofdrawing_(当他还是一个小孩子时当他还是一个小孩子时).Hisopinion,_(无论对与错无论对与错),shouldbeconsidered.Sheopenedherlips_(好像要说什么好像要说什么)Nomatterhowfrequently_(perform),theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.Whenfirst_(introduce)tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.10)比较：比较： When_(compare)theirwork,youllfindhersismuchbetter.When_(compare)withhiswork,herworkismuchbetter. 20.Itsvitaltogetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.Itsvitaltodosth.至关重要至关重要=Itsveryimportanttodosth.例句：例句：Itsvitalforthehumanbeingstosolvetheenvironmentalproblems.VerbNounAdjective injuryswollenbleedsprain poisonousComplete the table with the correct nouns, verbs or adjectives.1injureinjuredswellswellingblood/bleedingblood/bleedingsprainsprainedpoisonpoisonVerbNounAdjectivevariety organicchokewaterinfectComplete the table with the correct nouns, verbs or adjectives.1various varyorganizeorganchokechokedwaterwateryinfectioninfected/infectiousComplete the sentences with new words or phrases from the unit.1. When do you need to use your knowledge about_ _? When someone suddenly _or has an accident.2. What is the _? It is an organ which acts as a _ against disease, poisons and the suns harmful _.3. What are the functions of the skin described as _ ? It keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water and provides you with your _ of touch.2 first aid skincomplex sense falls ill barrier rays5 .What is it _ to do if you have third degree burns? Go to the hospital.6. What are the _ of first degree burns? They are dry, red, and mildly _. symptoms swollen4. What can hurt the _ of the skin? Hot _ from pans on the stove, electric shocks, radiation, fire and the sun. tissue liquid vital