选修八选修八教材复习篇教材复习篇Unit 2Cloning栏目导航0202基础自主梳理0303核心考点探究0101晨背话题写作0101晨背话题写作话题单词1argument n争论2ban n& v禁止3advantage n优点disadvantage n缺点4reasonable adj.合乎情理的5affect v影响6disagree v不同意7complain v抱怨；投诉8conflict n冲突9differ vi.不同；发生分歧10serious adj.严重的11effect n影响12boycott vt./n.(联合)抵制；拒绝参与13conversation n对话14spiritual adj.心灵的，精神的15teamwork n协力，配合话题短语1hot topic热点话题2heated discussion热烈的讨论3object to/be against反对4agree/be for/in favor of同意/赞成5have an effect/impact/influence on对有影响6be worth considering值得考虑7be concerned about关心8in terms of从角度9a sound attitude正确的态度10contribute to solving the problem of有助于问题的解决11medical breakthrough医学上的突破12science and technology科学技术13test out the theory by experiment用实验检验理论14turn out结果是15be faced with varied pressures面对各种压力16have something/much/little/nothing to do with与有点/有很大/没有关系话题佳句1Think twice before you do.三思而后行。2We should weigh the advantages and disadvantages.我们应该权衡利弊。3Nowadays many countries do research on cloning.现在许多国家研究克隆。4Peoples ideas of cloning differ.人们对克隆有不同的看法。5Some feel cast down because they think that it is not morally reasonable and should be forbidden.有些人很沮丧，他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。6Actually many countries undertake it and obtain great breakthroughs，and therefore we are unable to resist it.实际上许多国家从事这个课题并获得重大的突破，所以我们无法抗拒它。佳作背诵目前，科技的发展如此之快已超出了我们的想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进的技术之一。针对这一技术，有人支持，有人却反对。根据下面的表格，用英语写一篇文章，并阐述自己的态度和看法。支持1.制造器官挽救生命(如：治愈癌症)。2帮助不能生育的人拥有孩子。3帮助想克隆自己去世的亲人的人。反对1.对人的生命不尊重，生命将不再唯一。2在动物界创造出更多的疾病。3使地球人口激增。你的看法Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.Cloning is one of the most advanced technologies.Is it good or bad？Different people have different opinions.Some people are in favour of cloning technology.They think the technology is of great benefit.Firstly，it can be used to produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to cure diseases like cancer.Secondly，it can help those who are unable to have a baby but want a baby genetically related to themselves.Besides，it can help those who want to clone their dead relatives.However，a few people object to it.They believe cloning shows no respect for human life，and human life would no longer be unique.More seriously，it would create more diseases in the animal world and cause Earths population to increase fast.In my opinion，although the technique is beneficial to mankind in many aspects，cloning human beings will be at the cost of the existence of mankind itself.0202基础自主梳理1核心单词_ vt.扔；投；掷_ vi.退休；离开_ vt.获得；赢得_ adv.仅仅；只不过_ adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的_ vt.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)castretireobtainmerelyvainattain识记思考运用 _ vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于_ (forbade/forbad，forbidden) vt.禁止；不准_ (struck/struck) vi.& vt.& n打；撞击；罢工_ vi.退休；离开 _ n退休_ adj.精确的；准确的 _ adv.精确地，准确地_ vt.扔；投；掷 _ /_ (过去式/过去分词)_ vi.不同；相异 _ adj.不同的 _ n不同；不同之处bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰 _ adj.引起麻烦的，困扰人的oweforbidstrikeretireretirementexactexactlycastcastcastdifferdifferentdifferencebothersome2阅读单词claw n_opera n_turkey n. _hatch v. _adore vt._correction n. _chorus n_initial adj. _procedure n_accumulate vt.& vi._爪；脚爪歌剧火鸡(鸟、鸡)孵蛋崇拜；爱慕；喜爱改正，纠正合唱；合唱队开始的，最初的程序；步骤；手续积累；聚积drawback n_reasonable adj. _breakthrough n. _constitution n. _commercial adj._arbitrary adj. _straightforward adj. _undertake (undertook；undertaken) vt._conservative adj. _ n_compulsory n_adj._缺点，不利条件合乎情理的重大进展， 突破宪法， 章程， 体质商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的随心所欲的，独裁的，专断的简单的，坦率的 着手；从事；承担保守的，守旧的；保守主义的；谨慎的保守的人，保守主义(花样滑冰、竞技体操等的)规定动作义务的；必修的；被强制的媒介；手段；工具装饰；布置装饰；装修商业的；贸易的商业；贸易道德(上)的；伦理的道德上地；伦理上地积累；聚积积累；聚积假定；设想以为；设想；承担；呈现规则，规章；法规规范；调节定期的，有规律的；正规的抵抗；对抗抵抗；对抗有抵抗力的；抵制的反对；不赞成不赞成；反对；异议真实的；客观的；无偏见的用上面所给单词的适当形式填空1I didnt say that I wanted to buy it but _(mere)asked for the price.2His explanation was not _(reason)，so all of us didnt accept it.3Jackie Chan enjoys great _(popular) both in Hong Kong and inland.4 The purpose of education is not only the _ of knowledge.And it also means _ intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate)5From the appearance，we can not tell the _ between the twins， though they always have some _ ideas.And as for this phenomenon，ideas _ among many people.(differ)merelyreasonablepopularityaccumulationaccumulatingdifferencesdifferentdiffer6 Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no _ to it，while his father _ to it.(object)7 Dont _ that you are a princess and stop living in _ any more.(assume)8Nowadays few people can _ the temptation of money，whoever is _ to it is bound to achieve a lot in their life.(resist)9He _ from the post as a manager.After his _，he settled down in a remote village.(retire)10 When you set up your passwords on the Internet， youd better _ them，because the more _ your passwords are，the safer your Internet becomes.(complicate)objectionobjectedassumeassumptionsresistresistantretiredretirementcomplicatecomplicated1“完全地”全掌握altogether 总共；完全地entirely 彻底地，完全地completely 完全地；圆满地，全面地totally 完全地；总共2快速掌握“获得”家族receive 收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)；接受(欢迎，请愿等)get 获得；赚得；赢得obtain 得到，获得；达到(目的)acquire 获得；招致；学得；养成(习惯等)gain 获得；赢得，打胜(战争、官司)be available 可以得到的，可以买到的3“职场经历”的高频词速记apply vt.& vi.申请appoint vt.任命；委派dismiss vt.免的职；解雇；开除fire vt.开除；解雇interview vt.接见；采访；面试promote vt.提升；晋升resign vi.辞职 vt.辞去retire vi.退休；离开4带后缀ology的相关词汇集锦sociology n社会学technology n技术；工艺zoology n动物学archaeology n考古学5resist形容词集锦resist v抵抗insist v坚持assist v协助assistant n助手consist vi.由组成consistent adj.始终如一的1动词介词(副词)pay _ 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清cast _ 沮丧；不愉快object _ 反对owe._.把归功于2in名词(of)in favour _ 赞成；支持_ vain 白费力气；枉费心机_ good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏off识记思考运用 downtotoofinin3其他形式(be) bound _ (do) .一定或注定(做)strike._ ones heart 使刻骨铭心from time _ time 不时；偶尔bring back _ life 使复生；使复活tointototo用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1The house really is _it would cost far too much to repair.2The doctor did all he could to _.3We _ meet with difficulties in carrying out this research.4Frank won the first prize in the national English competition，and his efforts at last _.in poor conditionbring him back to lifeare bound topaid off5I have told her about our plan，and she is _ it.6He _ because he was scolded.7Traffic accidents happen _ on this road.8Mountain Tai _ its beauty _ and she decided to visit it again the next year.in favour ofwas cast downfrom time to timestruckinto her heart1“动词副词”回顾再记break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来break up 打碎；分解bring down 使降低，使下降come out 出现，出版，结果是cut down 砍倒；削减get over 克服make out 辨认出put away 收起；储存set aside 拨出；置于一旁set off 出发，引爆2“in名词of”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责，掌管in terms of 依据，根据in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持，赞同in need of 需要在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通 背原句学句型练仿写1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句。接着传来了屠呦呦，一位女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。_ Tu Youyou，a woman scientist，won the Nobel Prize.Then came the exciting news that背原句学句型练仿写2.What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?你认为这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？本句结构为“疑问词插入语其他部分”。这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？_is the most interesting？3.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉。The advantage is that.“其优点是”，that引导表语从句。骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。_ we can live a lowcarbon life.Which part of this book do you thinkThe advantage of cycling to work is thatBe Careful about CloningAfter a series of initial experiments and corrections，the scientists hard work paid 1._ when the twin clone turkeys were hatched with normal feather and claws.This breakthrough 2._ (possible) enabled people to bring their adored pets back to life.However，it bothered him from time to time that their health was in poor condition because they were unable to resist 3._ (ill)This drawback cast him down.Merely 2 weeks later， the clones and their carrier died,4._ struck frustration into his heart.He retired before he attained his ambition and became a member of an opera chorus to relieve his 5._(depress)off3500词汇语境篇先练后背，事半功倍 possiblyillnesseswhichdepressionShortly afterwards， 6._ media published a conservative argument objecting to cloning owing to moral problems，and suggested the constitution include compulsory regulations 7._ ( forbid) obtaining commercial profits from cloning.When interviewed，the scientist stared at the 8._ ( decorate) on the ceiling，thinking for a while，and then said，“Im not in favour of any arbitrary assumption， but 9._ (undertake) cloning does differ from the straightforward procedure of making loafs out of flour.Until we accumulate enough exact knowledge，any practice is in vain and is bound to fail.Altogether，being more careful is reasonable 10._ we may walk into a side road.”theto forbiddecorationsundertakingorundertake vt.(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担；负责undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事undertake an attack发动进攻undertake to do sth.答应，同意做某事undertake for.为负责undertake that-clause保证undertake responsibility/a task/a project承担责任/任务/工程0303核心考点探究(1)If you _(undertake) the project，you are bound to meet with difficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。(2)He undertook _(deliver) us at the airport at ten next morning.他担保第二天上午十点把我们送到机场。undertaketo deliver(3)单句语法填空The police are said _ (undertake) detailed investigations into the case at present.Cooking，traditionally _ (undertake) by mothers，has been often taken over by fathers nowadays.Whether or not the construction of the bridge _ (undertake) by our company remains to be seen.to be undertakingundertakenwill be undertakenobjection n不赞成；反对；异议(教材原句)On the other hand，Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。拓展词：object n物体；目标 vi.反对；不赞成objective adj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的(1)raise an objection to sth.对某事提出异议make/take/have an objection to(doing)sth.反对(做)某事(2)object to sb./sth.反对某人/某事object to doing sth.反对做某事object that.反对(1)object to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。(2)object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语不需加介词。be opposed to.表示“反对，和相反”。要点释疑要点释疑(1)He raised a strong objection _(strongly objected to) the plan because he thought it would be too expensive.他强烈反对这个计划，因为他认为这个计划代价太高。(2)The match was cancelled because most of the members _(object) to having a match without a standard court.因为大多数成员反对在没有一个标准球场的情况下举行比赛，所以比赛取消了。toobjected(3)单句语法填空I have no objection _ your going，but you must promise to come back before ten.As long as you can guarantee safety and low cost，we havent any slightest _(object)Do you have any objection to _ (change)your working hours?toobjectionchangingobject toraise an objection to或have/make an objection to/against the plan are againstopposeare opposed toforbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不准(教材原句)Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.to do sth.forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事be forbidden to do sth.被禁止做某事forbid that.禁止(从句中常用should动词原形)It is forbidden to do sth.做某事是禁止的forbid后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbid sb.to do sth.。类似动词结构：allow/permit/advise/want sb.to do sth.allow/permit/advise/admit doing sth.要点释疑要点释疑(1)As far as I can remember，this place used to _(forbid) parking cars and bikes.在我的记忆中，这个地方曾经禁止停放汽车和自行车。(2)Alcohol acts on the brain，so drivers _(forbid) to drink it when they drive a car.酒精对大脑有影响，因此司机开车时禁止饮酒。forbidare forbiddenforbadefromsmokingto leaveIts forbidden for us to play on the lawn belonging to him.resist vt. 抵抗；对抗；抵制；忍耐拓展词：resistance n. 抗拒；反对resistant adj.抵抗的，反抗的(1)resist sb./sth. 抵抗/抵制某人/某物resist doing sth. 抵制做某事cant/couldnt resist doing sth.禁不住做某事(2)be resistant to 对有抵抗力(1)They _(resist) my proposal because they thought the plan would cost too much money.他们反对我提出的计划，因为他们认为这个计划花钱太多。(2)As the coat was a bargain at such a low price，I couldnt _(resist) the temptation to buy it.因为这件外套售价实在便宜，我抵不住诱惑买了下来。(3)The public are strongly _(resist) to(strongly resist) the new law before it comes into use.这项新法规还未实施就已经遭遇公众的强烈抵制。resistedresistresistant(4)单句语法填空This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have a natural resistance _ it.We came up against a great deal of _ (resist)in dealing with the case.The body may be less _ (resist)if it is cold.I couldnt resist _ (laugh)when I heard the joke.toresistanceresistantlaughingpay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清(教材原句)But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是，科学家们的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。pay sth.off全部偿还；偿清(债务)pay sb.off(给工资后)解雇；打发走pay back偿还(欠款)；报复；回报pay for sth.付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价pay sb.for sth.因某事物给某人报酬；为付钱给某人pay a visit to参观；拜访pay attention to注意；留心(1)I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay _.我也希望我付出的努力能得到回报。(2)Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence _(pay) off.桑德拉决心成为医生，她的坚持取得了成功。(3)写出下列句子中pay off的汉语意思It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan._Two hundred workers have been paid off._All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam._offpaid偿清解雇成功；带来好结果backforofftoforin good/poor condition状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏(教材原句)The dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition.渡渡鸟是近期才灭绝的动物，因此它的DNA仍保存完好。拓展词：conditional adj.有条件的；以为条件的unconditional adj.无条件的；绝对的out of condition健康状况欠佳meet the conditions满足条件on no condition无论如何都不；决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)on condition that.只要；如果；条件是working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境(1)Peace is _ necessary condition for economic growth.和平是经济增长的必要条件。(2)I would consider studying abroad，_ the condition that I get a scholarship.倘若获得奖学金，我会考虑出国学习。(3)用condition的相关短语的适当形式填空What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be _._ can we deny that the Diaoyu Islands have been an integral part of Chinas territory for centuries.They agreed to lend us the car _ we returned it before the weekend.aonin poor conditionOn no conditionon condition thatOn no condition should you tell him what has happenedThe fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句，用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact，news，message，doubt，possibility，idea，reason，belief，hope，thought，promise，suggestion，question等。引导词有：连词that，whether；连接代词who，which，what；连接副词where，when，why，how等。(1)一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用于说明该名词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，这在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。(2)在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议，要求，命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should动词原形”，句中的should可以省略。要点释疑要点释疑(1)I admired the fact _ he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone.我羡慕他经常在课外与学生聊天或通过电话与学生聊天。(2)I have no idea _ the meeting will be held.我不知道这次会议何时举行。thatwhen(3)单句语法填空The idea _ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.We are not investigating the question _ he is trustworthy.The news _ our football team had won the match was encouraging.The suggestion came from the chairman _ the new rule(should)be adopted.thatwhetherthatthatthatthat