被动语态（被动语态（The Passive Voice)一、运用被动语态的情景一、运用被动语态的情景(Situations)二、被动语态的结构与时态二、被动语态的结构与时态 (Structure and Tense)三、被动语态举例三、被动语态举例(Examples)四、主动变被动的方法四、主动变被动的方法(Method) （单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句）五、没有被动语态的动词和词组五、没有被动语态的动词和词组 (Verbs and Phrases)六六、ExercisesTombrokethewindow.（主动语态）ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者主语为动作的发出者， 后者表示句子的后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。）。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态。一、运用被动语态的情景一、运用被动语态的情景一、运用被动语态的情景一、运用被动语态的情景1.被动语态被动语态结构：结构：be + 过去分词过去分词(PP) + (by )2.主动变被动应注意的情况：主动变被动应注意的情况：1.把把原原来的来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的主语主语;2.把把动词动词变成变成“be + 过去分词过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主动语态中的主语主语变为介词变为介词by的的宾语宾语。The boy broke the glass.The glass was broken by the boy.3.3.如何从主动语态变为被动语态如何从主动语态变为被动语态？1.1.主语主语 介词介词by by 宾语宾语2.2.谓语谓语 be+ppbe+pp3.3.宾语宾语 主语主语4.4.主动语态和被动语态结构对照表主动语态和被动语态结构对照表主动语态和被动语态结构对照表主动语态和被动语态结构对照表注：注：1. 被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词动词 助动词助动词或情态动词或情态动词构成。构成。2. 人称和时态的变化体现在人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。时态中都不改变。5.被动语态举例被动语态举例TheGreatWallwas builtmorethan2000yearsold.Anewbridgeis being builtacrosstheChangjiangRiver.Theprojectwill(isgoingto)be finishednextmonth.Manytreeshave been plantedaroundthelake.Oldpeopleshould be takencareof/lookedafter.Bookscant be takenoutofthelibrary.7.Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.8.Nobodylikestobelaughedat.6.被动语态应注意的问题被动语态应注意的问题1.可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人人”提前做主语；将提前做主语；将“物物”提前则要在提前则要在“人人”的的前面加前面加to或或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.-Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.-Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.2.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语复合宾语ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb. ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb. to do sth.to do sth.结构结构：Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees.Wetoplantmoretrees.should be allowedare encouraged3、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态使役动词使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词或感官动词(see, hear, watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略toto，改为被动语态时一定要补上，改为被动语态时一定要补上toto。(记忆口诀：“使感动词使感动词”真奇怪，真奇怪，toto在句中像妖怪，主在句中像妖怪，主动语态动语态toto走开，被动语态走开，被动语态toto回来。回来。”) )Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.-Hesinginthenextroom.Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.-Wedoallkindsofwork.注注：当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动时，变为被动语态时，语态时，doingdoing不变。如：不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动被动) was heard towere made to4、宾语从句宾语从句汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“大家大家说说”等常见的宾语从句句型。等常见的宾语从句句型。Itssaid/reported/believed/that据说/报道/认为Itssuggestedthat有人建议Itswellknownthat众所周知Itshopedthat人们希望。eg:ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道5、没有被动语态的动词和词组、没有被动语态的动词和词组1.不及物动词如happenappearbelongto;takeplace;breakout等无被动语态A traffic accident _(happen) just now.2.连系动词无被动语态，如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等。Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful3.表状态的动词无被动语态，如haveownfit.I have a bike.4.wash,write,sell,wear此动词表示事物的自然此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，属性的时候，不用被动语态不用被动语态,常用常用副词well,easily修饰。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好)Thisdresswasheseasily.(这衣服较好洗)Thepenwritessmoothly.（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）5.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.【2013江苏常州江苏常州】This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold【解析解析】某些可以和某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等等副词连用的不及物动词如副词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, cook, sell, lock, open等等, 且主语是且主语是非生命的名词或代词非生命的名词或代词, 用主动结构表被动含义。用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为本句的主语为This listening material为第三人为第三人称单数称单数; sell well意为意为“畅销畅销”。句意为。句意为“这这个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销。个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销。”故选故选A。【2013河南河南】 Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold【解析解析】主语主语the book和动词和动词sell构成被动关构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。答语句意时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要的对不起，你要的书已售完书已售完”。故选。故选B。【2013广西南宁广西南宁】 Han Hans books are popular. They _ by many teenagers. A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read【解析解析】由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语一般现在时；主语they是复数形式，故答案是复数形式，故答案选选C项。项。【2013湖北宜昌湖北宜昌】 At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 【解析解析】句子大意为句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会了更多相互学习的机会”。“机会机会”和和“提提供供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有个选项中，只有are offered为被动语态。故选为被动语态。故选B。【2013湖北襄阳湖北襄阳】 Didnt you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here. A. wasnt allowed B. isnt allowed C. wont allow D. doesnt allow【解析解析】由上句中的由上句中的“No Parking!”可知，停可知，停车不被允许，根据时间状语车不被允许，根据时间状语now可知，考察一可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。【2013广东梅州广东梅州】The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 【解析解析】主语主语the child与动词短语与动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选语态。故选A。【2013浙江宁波浙江宁波】 Have you finished your project? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given【解析解析】句意句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成如果再给我十分钟我会完成它它”，主语与动词，主语与动词give之间是被动关系，在之间是被动关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选B。【2013湖北黄石湖北黄石】This pair of shoes _ hand, and it _ very comfortable. A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is felt C. are made of; feels D. is made by; feels【解析解析】句意句意: “这双鞋是由手工制成的，它这双鞋是由手工制成的，它感觉起来很舒服感觉起来很舒服”, 主语主语this pair of shoes不不能执行谓语动词能执行谓语动词make, 故用被动语态故用被动语态, 且主语且主语为第三人称单数形式为第三人称单数形式, 用用is made by的被动结的被动结构构; feel为连系动词为连系动词, 不能用被动语态，故选不能用被动语态，故选D。六、六、Exercises1、Jaysingsmanyfamoussongs.(被动语态）ManyfamoussongsJay.2、Hermothergaveheranewpen.(同义句）Anewpenherbyhermother.3、Ifhe(give)onemoreminute,he(finish)theexamyesterday.4、Thestudentismade(stand)thereforhalfanhour.5、Hewontgotobeduntilhishomework(finish).6、Theheatedicecreamscoops(invent)byaman(call)Lanmon.7、Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.(被动）Astrangerwalkintothebuilding.are sung bywas given towere givenwould finishto standis finishedwere inventedcalledwas seen to