英 语必修必修 人教版人教版新课标导学新课标导学新课标导学新课标导学Unit 1Section Warming up；Prereading, Reading & Comprehending1 1课课前前新新知知预预习习2 2课课堂堂要要点点探探究究3 3课课堂堂达达标标验验收收4 4课课时时作作业业课前新知预习课前新知预习.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？1根据要求写出下列单词(1)_(n.)特征；特性(2)_(vt.)打败；战胜；使受挫(n.)失败(3)_(vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加(4)_(vt.)暴露；揭露；使曝光(5)_(n.)治愈；痊愈(vt.)治愈；治疗(6)_(n.)挑战(vt.)向挑战(7)_(vt.)吸收；吸引；使专心(8)_(vt.)认为；怀疑(n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯characteristic defeat attend expose cure challenge absorb suspect (9)_(vt.)预见；预知(10)_(vt.)责备；谴责(n.)过失；责备(11)_(n.)柄；把手(vt.)处理；操纵(12)scientific (adj.)科学的_(n.)科学(13)conclude (vt. & vi.)结束；推断出_(n.)结论；结束(14)pollute (vt.)污染；弄脏_(n.)污染(15)announce (vt.)宣布；通告_(n.)宣布；通告(16)_(vt.)命令；指示；教导instruction (n.)命令；指示foresee blame handle science conclusion pollution announcement instruct 2短语互译(1)_提出(2)_得出结论(3)expose.to _(4)be to blame _(5)link.to. _put forward draw a conclusion 使显露；暴露 应受责备 将和联系或连接起来 .重点句式1._ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2So many thousands of terrified people died _ there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。Neither nor every time .根据课文内容补全短文John Snow was a famous doctor in London. In his time, cholera was the 1._disease. So John Snow made up his mind to help ordinary people 2._to cholera. At that time, no one knew its cause or 3._.He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. He thought people go tattacked by this disease 4._into their bodies.He tried to prove this.deadly exposed cure absorbed So when another outbreak hit London in 1854，he5._information and made a map，marking where all the dead people had lived. It was valuable. And finally he 6._that the water was to blame.Then John Snow looked into the 7._of the water.He found two other deaths were 8._to the polluted water. So he was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To 9._this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of allthe water supplies be examined. The water companies didnt expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was 10._.gathered concluded source linked prevent defeated 课堂要点探究课堂要点探究Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲大陆。Did you ever discover who sent you the flowers?你到底有没有弄清楚是谁送花给你？重 点 词 汇1discover v. 发现；发觉discover，invent，creatediscover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西。invent指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指“虚构，捏造”。create意思是“创造，生产”，特指创造独创性的东西。用invent，discover或create的适当形式填空(1)Gilbert _ electricity, but Edison _ the light bulb.(2)Shakespeare _ many tragedy characters in his plays.(3)She never _ how to open the little box.discovered invented created discovered (1)n. 特征；特性Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?谁利用豌豆来展示身体特征是怎样从父母传给他们的孩子的？Honesty is one of his characteristics.诚实是他的特点之一。2characteristic n. & adj.(2)adj. (of)特有的，典型的She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.她说话带着特有的热情。The vase is characteristic of the 16th century Chinese art.这只花瓶是16世纪中国艺术的典型代表。characteristically adv.特有地characterize v是的特征，以为典型，使具有特点character n品质；特点，特性；人物Characteristically, she paid for everyone.按照她惯常的做法，她为每一个人付了钱。characteristic, feature, character以上各词均有“特色，特征”的含义。(1)characteristic指“特殊的、易于辨认的特性或特征”；即：某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。A useful characteristic of the car is its ability to see in the dark.这种汽车的一个有利特点是在黑暗中能看清东西。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。(2)feature指“引人注意的显著特征或细节”，多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.团队合作是这项训练计划的重要特色。His eyes are his most striking feature. 他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛。(3)character多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征。He has a strong but gentle character.他有坚强但温柔的性格。The new buildings have changed the character of the village.新建筑改变了这个村庄的特点。解析：be characteristic of为固定用法，意思是“是的特点，是特有的”。句意为“除了蓝眼睛外，金发也是瑞典人的特点”。characteristic According to the result, I draw a conclusion that she doesnt work hard enough.根据结果我得出结论：她工作还不够努力。We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。3. conclusion n. 结论reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion得出结论in conclusion最后，总之bring sth. to a conclusion使结束lead to a conclusion得出结论jump/leap to conclusions匆忙下结论conclude vt.&vi.结束；得出结论；断定They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。In conclusion, I think there is hope for the future.总之，我认为将来还有希望。We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.我们将以国歌结束我们的音乐会。From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.从证据看，我敢断定你错了。解析：come to a conclusion意为“得出结论”。句意：经过两年的会谈之后，那两个国家最后达成共识，他们应该放弃他们的偏见，为了他们的和平发展而共同奋斗。conclusion (2)用恰当介词填空_ conclusion, I would like to say a few words to those who have worked so hard to bring about this good result. Thank you all.解析：句意：最后，我想对那些努力工作而带来这个好结果的人说几句话。谢谢你们所有的人。考查介词短语。根据句意可判断，这是演讲即将结束时表示感谢的话，所以用in conclusion。In We analysed the causes of our failure.我们分析了失败的原因。By analysing the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.通过分析句子成分我们就能了解更多的英语语法知识。He tried to analyse his feelings.他试图分析自己的感情。注意：analyse是英式英语的写法，美式英语中写作analyze。4analyse vt.分析，剖析analysis n分析；(成分)分析(pl.)analysesin the last/final analysis总之，归根结底You can ask for a chemical analysis of your tap water.你可以要求给你的自来水作化学分析。In the final analysis, its a matter of personal choice.归根结底，这是个人的选择。analyse it correctly(1)传染的，感染的What do you know about the infectious diseases?关于这些传染疾病你知道什么？(2)(情感、笑声等)极富感染力的He expressed infectious enthusiasm to his voters.他对他的选民表现出了很有感染力的热情。5infectious adj.infect v. 感染，传染infected adj. 受到感染的infection n. 感染infectiously adv.感染地highly infectious 极强传染性的be infected with.感染上The young teacher infected the whole class with her enthusiasm.这位年轻的老师以她的热忱感染了全班。解析：过去分词短语作原因状语。句意：被老师所感染，学生们学习更加仔细认真。Infected (1)v.打败；战胜；使受挫The army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.这支部队装备精良而且又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有困难。Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome, she never let her problems defeat her.虽然有许多困难要克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。(2)n.失败Tom suffered defeat in the English examination.汤姆英语考试失败了。6defeatwin/defeat/defeat/beatwin意为“赢得；获胜；取得”，作及物动词时，后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、荣誉、奖、好意、尊重等作宾语defeat指在比赛、竞争或者斗争中打败对方，后接人(如对手、敌人等)作宾语beat通常指在比赛中击败对手，后接人作宾语，和defeat一般可以互换；另外，beat还有“连续敲打；(心脏)跳动”之意，过去式为beat，过去分词为beatenHard work won him the first prize in the music competition.艰苦努力使他在这场音乐比赛中获得了一等奖。We beat their team by 10 points.我们以10分的优势战胜了他们队。The Americans defeated the British in 1781.美国人在1781年打败了英国人。(1)选词填空(defeat, beat, win)。Having been _ twice this year, we wont give it up.No difficulty could _ this brave man since he is so confident and capable.Which team do you think will _ the game?(2)完成句子我肯定红队会赢得比赛。Im sure the red team will _ the game.最终，暴风雨逐渐减弱，金色的海浪不断拍打着平静的海岸。The storm died away at last with the golden waves _ the sea shore in peace.defeated beat win win beating (1)看护，照顾There was no one to attend him but Tian.除了Tian外，没有人照顾他。(2)出席，参加Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?你要参加明天的结婚典礼吗？7attend v.(3)经常去，定期去(某处)Our children attend the same school.我们的孩子上同一所学校。注意：作“照顾，护理”讲时，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席，参加”讲时，attend多作及物动词。多义：attendat(ad，向)tend(伸)原义“伸向”：心向着某人或某事为“注意，照顾”；脚步向着某一地方为“出席，参加”。attendance n出席，到场；出席人数；照顾，护理attendant n服务人员，侍者adj.伴随的attend, join, join in, take part inI attended the meeting at which some Young Pioneers were accepted to join the League, all of whom made up their minds to take an active part in school activities and entered the coming roundthecity race.我参加了少先队员的入队宣誓大会。大家都决心积极参加学校各项活动，并报名参加了即将举办的环城赛跑。(1)用恰当形式填空It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (attend)since I came to this school.解析：句意：这是自从我到这所学校以来听过的最有启发性的讲座。本题考查在特定语境中正确使用时态的能力。根据主句的谓语动词is和从句since I came to this school可以判断空格部分应用现在完成时。have attended (2)完成句子。I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain _ during the vacation.我是一名中国学生，我打算在假期去英国参加一个暑期学习班。She was praised for having _ her sick motherinlaw for over thirty years.她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。I cant go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing _.今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。to attend a summer school attended on/upon/to to attend to (3)用attend，join，join in，take part in完成句子Ill persuade him to _ our club.Will you _ the English Evening?Would you _ us _ the discussion?Did you _ Marys wedding?join take part in join in attend (1)暴露，显露，露出Their scheme was exposed.他们的阴谋暴露了。(2)揭露，揭穿Lu Xun exposed the evil of the old society in his works.鲁迅在他的作品中揭露了旧社会的罪恶。8expose v.(3)expose sb. to sth.使接触，使体验The student has been exposed to English for some six years.这个学生接触英语六年左右了。(4)expose sb./sth./oneself(to sth.)使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)Do not expose your babies to strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。exposed adj.暴露的，无遮蔽的；无保护的She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。注意：expose的过去分词用作状语时，强调主句的主语处于无遮蔽的状态，相当于“主语beexposed to sth.”。用恰当形式填空(1)The radiation amount of a mobile phone for two halfhour periods per day is equal to _ (expose) to an Xray for ten seconds.解析：句意：一部手机每天接触两次，每次半小时的辐射量相当于照射X射线10秒钟的辐射量。考查非谓语动词。be equal to中to为介词，故空格上填动名词形式。expose为及物动词，根据be exposed to(暴露于)可知答案。being exposed (2)When _ (expose ) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, _ ( feel) nervous and anxious.解析：句意：人在面对危险和冲突时，往往会血压升高，感到紧张、焦虑。考查非谓语动词。expose为及物动词，时间状语从句的完整结构为When they are exposed to danger and conflict，根据省略规则可知省去从句的主语和be动词，故第一空填exposed；第二空在句中作伴随状语，主语与feel之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。exposed feeling (1)n.治愈，痊愈Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，也不知道其治疗方法。There is no cure for AIDS at present.目前仍没有治愈艾滋病的良药。(2)vt.治愈，治疗Im sure the pure girls wound will be cured.我确定这个纯洁的女孩的伤会被治愈的。That fatal disease cant be cured.那种致命的疾病治不好。9curecure sb. of疾病名称治愈某人的疾病cure sb. of不良行为矫正某人的不良行为The doctors cured her of cancer.医生治好了她的癌症。She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。cure，treat，heal，recover这些动词都有“治疗，医治”之意，但是cure主要指治愈疾病；treat指接收并诊治病人，只强调过程，不强调结果是否“痊愈”；heal侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛，如灼伤等；recover意为“痊愈，复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。90% of patients can be cured of the disease.90%的患有这种疾病的人都可以痊愈。As soon as he was sent to the hospital, the doctors began to treat his disease.他一被送到医院，医生们就开始治疗他的疾病了。It took three months for my arm to heal properly.我胳膊上的伤口过了三个月才愈合。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。(1)用treat或cure的恰当形式填空Has the doctor _ the old woman of her illness?No, he _ her but didnt _ her.(2)用恰当介词填空His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits. I think he should cure him _ them.解析：句意：他儿子很淘气，养成了一些坏习惯。我认为他应该矫正他的这些坏习惯。cure sb.of sth.矫正某人的不良行为；治愈某人某疾病。cured treated cure of (1)v.向挑战I challenged him to a game of chess.我向他挑战下象棋。(2)n.挑战The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。10challengeface a challenge 面临挑战meet a challenge 迎接挑战challenge sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事challenging adj. 具有挑战性的用恰当词语填空H7N9 control and prevention is _ challenge to China as well as the whole world.解析：句意：H7N9的控制和预防对于中国和全世界都是一个挑战。考查冠词。challenge在句中为可数名词，根据语境可知此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。a (1)吸收(液体、气体等)Aspirin is quickly absorbed into the body.阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。(2)使并入，吞并，同化The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市。11absorb v.(3)理解，掌握Children absorb knowledge quickly.孩子接受知识快。(4)吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注This work had absorbed him for several years.这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。absorbed adj.集中精神的absorbing adj.引人入胜的be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于He was absorbed in writing a letter and didnt even look up when I came in.他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。The novel was so absorbing that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.这本小说非常引人入胜，她一口气读了下去，甚至废寝忘食。(1)用恰当介词填空The writer was so absorbed _ his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.解析：句意：作家全神贯注地进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意思是“全神贯注于”。in (2)用恰当形式填空When deeply _ (absorb)in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping._ (absorb)in his online games，I am afraid，may lead to his failure in this midterm exam.解析：句意：当他集中精力工作时，他总是废寝忘食，这种情况时常发生。考查非谓语动词。be absorbed in全神贯注于，when后省略主语和be动词，完整结构为When he was deeply absorbed in work。句意：恐怕沉迷于网络游戏会导致他这次期中考试的失败。考查非谓语动词。be absorbed in.专心于；设空处作主语，故用动名词的被动形式。absorbed Being absorbed (1)severe (on/with sb.)严厉的，重的I think you are too severe on the boy.我认为你对那个男孩子太严厉了。(2)十分严重的There is severe shortage of fuel.燃料严重短缺。12severe adj.(3)严厉的，苛刻的His severe look frightened me.他严厉的表情使我恐慌。(4)艰难的，艰巨的，难度很大的The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long. 比赛的速度极快，很难持久。(1)用恰当介词填空We must not be too severe _ her. After all, she is still a child.解析：句意：我们对她千万不要太严厉。她毕竟还是个孩子。severe用于人时表示“严格的；严厉的”，常用于be severe on sb.搭配，符合题意。(2)选词填空Mankind is facing _ (severe/crazy) challenges in the seeking of development because of energy and food shortage and poverty.解析：句意：因为能源、食物短缺和贫困，人类在追求发展的同时面临严峻挑战。severe“严重的；严峻的”，符合题意。crazy“疯狂的”。on severe (1)vt.责备，谴责Dont blame me for that; its not my fault.不要因为那件事责怪我，那不是我的错。He always blamed that fault on me.他总是把那个错归咎在我身上。(2)n.过失，责备Why do you always put/lay the blame for everything that goes wrong on me?为什么一有事你总认为是我的过失？13blame(1)be to blame(for sth.)对(坏事)负有责任 Which driver was to blame for the accident?这事故是哪个司机的责任？ (2)bear/take/accept/get the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任The government will have to take the blame for the riots.政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。(3)lay/put the blame(for sth.)on sb.blame sb. for sth.把某事归咎于某人We shouldnt lay the blame for our failure on him.我们不应该把失败归咎于他。blame，scoldblame“责怪”，侧重强调将(不好的)结果的责任归于某人。scold指很生气地责骂，强调“骂”。When he arrived late, Mr. Drake blamed the bad traffic.由于德雷克迟到了，他抱怨糟糕的交通。He was scolded for being lazy.他因懒惰而受到斥责。(1)用恰当形式填空Some experts believe it is the grandparents who are _ (blame)for the spoiled children.解析：句意：有些专家认为孩子们被宠坏了是(外)祖父母的责任。本句中的宾语从句为强调句型，被强调部分为the grandparents，be to blame for sth.为固定短语，意为“应为某事承担责任；该为某事受责备”。to blame I feel it is you rather than the boy who _ (blame)for being late for the speech.解析：句意：我觉得你应该对演讲迟到负责，而不是那个男孩儿。考查主谓一致和固定结构。本句中feel后的宾语从句为强调句型，you是主语，根据feel和is可知此处为一般现在时态。be to blame for sth.为某事而承担责任。_ (blame) for the breakdown of the computer systems, he was in low spirits.解析：句意：因电脑系统发生故障受到责备，他情绪低落。are to blame Blamed (2)用恰当介词填空She blamed her husband _ the failure of their marriage.She blamed the failure of their marriage _ her husband.解析：她把婚姻的失败归咎于她丈夫。for on He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.他发现它(水源)来自被伦敦的污水污染的河流。The river has been polluted by factory waste.这条河已被工厂废料所污染。14pollute vt.污染，弄脏pollution n污染；玷污polluter n污染者；污染源She was shocked by all the pollution on the beach.她对海滩上的污染感到震惊。用恰当形式填空Parents are afraid that their childrens minds will _ (pollute) with the violence that they see on television.解析：句意为“父母担心电视上的暴力行为会对孩子产生精神上的污染”。pollute“污染，弄脏”。根据句意，应填被动语态形式。be polluted (1)v.处理；操纵He refused to allow his secreatary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。His wise father knows how to handle him.他睿智的父亲知道如何管教他。(2)n.柄；把手Hold on to the handle, or you might fall off.抓紧把手，不然你就会掉下去。She turned the handle and opened the door.她转动把手，打开了门。15handleget/have a handle on sb./sth.弄懂，理解，搞明白give sb. a handle (on sth.)(使)弄懂，理解，明白I cant get a handle on these sales figures.我真搞不懂这些销售数字。I was finally given a handle on the true nature of the problem.最终我能够理解这个问题的实质。选词填空As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _ (handle/face) the problem.解析：handle“处理；解决”；face“面对；面临”。句意：因为这儿没有人知道机器出了什么故障，所以我们必须去请一位工程师来解决这个问题。根据句意应选handle。handle (1)vt.连接；联系The highway link Shanghai to/with Beijing.这条公路连接着上海和北京。The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接起来。(2)n.环；连接；联系；纽带A lot of links fitted together form a chain.许多链环连在一起组成链条。One link broken, the whole chain is broken.一环脱，全链断。16linkjoin，connect，combine(1)join指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意，常用结构join.to，join up。(2)connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运，常用结构connect.with/to。(3)combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine.with。Please join this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。This flight connects with the New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。We should combine theory with practice.我们应该理论联系实际。(1)用恰当形式填空A direct air route _ (link)Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month.解析：句意：从重庆直飞旧金山的航班有望在下个月开通。考查非谓语动词。link.and.意为“连接和”，设空处作后置定语，且air route与link之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词形式。Television stations around the world _ (link)by satellite.解析：句意：全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。link为及物动词，根据语境可知此处应该用被动语态。linking are linked (2)完成句子。After the investigation, the police _.经过调查，警方把这起事故与超速驾驶联系起来)。What puzzles us most is that the two accidents _.令我们最困惑的是这两起事故密切相关。The police suspected that _ between the two murders.警方怀疑这两起谋杀案可能有联系。linked the accident to speed driving are closely linked together there may be a link The government announced the plan to the media yesterday.昨天政府向媒体宣布了其计划。The bright flowers and warm winds announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵和暖和的风已表明春天到来了。17announce v宣布；通告announcement n(一项)公告，布告，通告；(指行动)宣布，宣告The governments announcement is seen as a move towards settling the strike.政府的通告已被视为迈向解决罢工问题的一步。Our cooks sudden announcement that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.我们的厨师突然说要离去，这使我们非常惊奇。announce，declareannounce多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足好奇心的事情。declare侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布。(1)用恰当形式填空Chinese scientists _ (announce) on Tuesday that they had invented a lowcost welding robot，which can help improve welding efficiency for small factories.解析：句意：周二，中国科学家宣布他们已经发明了一种低成本的焊接机器人，这可以为小工厂提高焊接效率。考查动词时态。根据时间状语on Tuesday可知用一般过去时。announced (2)补全句子你知道二战期间英国是什么时候对德国宣战的吗？Do you know when Britain _ war _ Germany during the Second World War?declared on (1)命令；指示；教导The young should not instruct their elders.年轻人不应该对老年人发号施令。Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.在指导儿童交通安全方面需要更大的努力。注意：instruct作“命令；吩咐；指令”讲时，后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。18instruct v.(2)通知，告知I instructed my lawyer that I wanted to sell the house.我通知我的律师我想卖掉这所房子。We are instructed by our clients that you owe them 300.我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。(1)instruction nC，常pl.指导；指令；操作指南They had carried out my instructions to the letter.他们严格地按我的指示把事办了。The instructions for assembling the toy are very clear.如何组装玩具的说明非常清楚明了。(2)instructor教练；导师；大学讲师The driving instructor told me to pull up at the post office.驾驶教练让我在邮局停车。The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。用恰当形式填空(1)The college will need an additional teacher _ (instruct)boys in cooking.解析：句意：这所学院还需要一名老师教授这些男孩子烹饪知识。instruct“教导”。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。(2)The medicine，if taken according to the _ (instruct)，will surely do a great deal of good to your husband.解析：句意：如果按照说明来服用这种药，肯定会对你的丈夫有很多好处。考查名词。根据句意可知，此处用名词形式，表示“说明”，此时常用复数形式。to instruct instructions (1)vt.怀疑；认为Never employ the man you suspect, nor suspect the man you employ.谚语疑人不用，用人不疑。What makes you suspect him of stealing the money?你凭什么怀疑钱是他偷的？19suspect(a)I suspect him of the thief.(b)I suspect him to be the thief.(c)I suspect that he is the thief. 我怀疑他就是那个小偷。(2)n. C嫌疑犯He is a prime suspect in the murder case.他是这次谋杀案的主要怀疑对象。(1)补全句子没人想和那个被怀疑偷了钱的男孩儿做朋友。Nobody wants to make friends with the boy _.(2)用恰当词语填空The man，suspected _ having stolen the jewels from the shop，was missing last night，although he was watched over by the police. 解析：句意：被怀疑盗取商店珠宝的那个人昨晚失踪了，尽管有警察监视。考查介词。suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做了某事。suspected of having stolen money of I feel that I know about the value of my own work.我觉得我知道自己工作的价值。If someone in the classroom has AIDS, does the teacher know about it?如果班里有人患了艾滋病，会让老师了解这一情况吗？重 点 短 语1know about sb./sth. 知道关于的情况；知道，了解know of sb./sth.表示“知道有”，暗指通过他人间接地了解know sb./sth. as sth.将称作；把叫做be known/famous for 因而出名be known as 以著称，闻名I know of a shop where you can get the things cheaper.我听说有一家商店，那儿的东西较便宜。The drug is commonly known as Ecstasy.这种致幻药通常叫做摇头丸。It is well known for its lead mines.它因有铅矿而非常出名。He is known as a successful architect.他以成功的建筑师闻名。 用know或know about的恰当形式填空I dont _ him but I _ him, so I can tell you something.know know about She put forward a good plan at the meeting.她在会议上提出了一个好计划。Put your watch forward; you are five minutes slow.把你的手表往前拨；你的表慢了5分钟。2put forward提出，提议；拨快(时钟等)；把提前put.away把收拾好put(.) down平息(叛乱等)put off推迟；除去，消除put on穿上(衣服)put out扑灭(火)；关灯；发表put through接通(电话)put up挂起；张贴put up with忍受(1)写出下列句中put forward的含义I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV._You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes._They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week._I think he is fit for the position；therefore, Ill put him forward as a candidate._提出 拨快 将提前 推荐 (2)用put短语的恰当形式填空Not everybody attending the meeting agreed to the suggestion put _ by the chairman.Mary couldnt put up _ the terrible working conditions in that factory and resigned last week. 解析：句意：并非出席大会的每个人都同意主席提出的建议。考查动词短语。put forward提出，符合语境。句意：玛丽无法忍受那家工厂恶劣的工作环境，上周她辞职了。考查动词短语。put up with忍受；忍耐。forward with (1)调查，审查Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.另外，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。His disappearance is being looked into by the police.警察正在调查他失踪一事。3look into(2)向的里面看He looked into the box but found nothing.他往盒子里看了看，但什么也没发现。The girl stood on a chair, looking into the room.那女孩站在椅子上向屋里看。(3)浏览I usually look into the book before deciding whether to read it.我通常先把书浏览一下才决定是否看它。look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待look over 从上面看，察看，检查look round 环顾，观光，察看look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习，从中显露look up 向上看，尊敬，仰望，查寻look up and down 仔细打量(某人)look up to 尊敬，仰望look out 当心，留神，看守look after 目送，寻求，照顾，关心look back 回顾，倒退用look短语填空(1)They have _ the cause of the accident, but the result is still not known to us.(2)Look _！The light is still on.It doesnt matter.I wear rubber gloves.(3)I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.looked into out look up His mother died of/from lung cancer.他母亲死于肺癌。The old woman died of grief after her only sons death.这位老女人在她唯一的儿子死后悲痛致死。4die of/from因而死die of与die from二者都表示“因而死”。die of后接表示饥饿、寒冷、疾病、情绪一类的名词，指因“内因”而死。die from常表示死于各种外伤或污染等其他原因，指因“外因”而死。Many old people die from air pollution in winter.许多老人在冬季死于空气污染。die out 绝种，灭绝die away 渐渐消失或消逝，淡化die down 逐渐减弱，降低，察觉不到die off 相继死去，先后死去be dying for sth./to do sth. 渴望，极想做某事用恰当形式填空The noise of the train died _ in the dark night.away (1)explaining how.是分词作定语，修饰book，相当于一个定语从句：which explained how.There was a letter on the door saying“wait for you at the school gate at 730 tonight”门上有张纸条，写着“今晚730在校门口等你”。Do you know the old man standing over there?你认识站在那儿的那个老头吗？难 点 解 析1Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?谁写了一本书，解释动植物是怎样随着环境变化而进化的？(2)as the environment changed 意为“随着环境的变化”。注意as作连词的用法：像，如同；同等的程度或数量，常与副词so, as组成so/as.as。The situation is not so bad as you suggest.情形不像你说的那样糟。以同样方式，以同样方法Think as I think.像我这样去想。同时；当时候I slipped on the ice as I ran home.我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。由于，因为I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。虽然；尽管，引导让步状语从句(形容词、副词、动词等放在句首，而as置于其后)Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议，却没有人受伤。(1)真题改编(2016天津7)_the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.解析：考查连词。句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。As The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ (stand)in one corner.解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：除了站立在一个角落的书架之外，这个屋子是空的。此处是非谓语动词作定语，与所修饰的词bookshelf之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。standing (2)用恰当词语填空Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.解析：句意：虽然晚上很热，但因长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。as“虽然”，引导让步状语从句时，要将表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。空格处也可以填though，但不能填although。as/though keep miners safe是“keep宾语宾补”结构。在此结构中，用作宾补的结构除了形容词以外，还有现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及副词。注意：在此结构中不采用不定式(短语)。keep表示“保持或继续处于的状态”。These toys will help to keep the baby amused. 这些玩具能让这个婴儿一直很快乐。(过去分词)Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。(现在分词)2Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?谁发明了使矿工在地下安全工作的矿灯？Good food keeps you healthy.好的饮食使你身体健康。(形容词) He always keeps the car in good condition.他一直使车处于良好状况。(介词短语)An apple a day keeps the doctor away.谚一天一个苹果，医生不上门(比喻不生病)。(副词)注意：宾补部分都可以用作表语，可以变式为“宾语系动词宾补(表语)”的结构。用恰当形式填空“Bill, keep the things _ (discuss)here secret， ”said the manager after the meeting.解析：句意：经理会后说：“比尔，对于我们在这里讨论的事情要保密。”由语境after the meeting可知，此处应该用动词的过去分词discussed作后置定语，修饰the things，表示被动和完成。discussed (1)neither.nor.既不也不用来连接两个并列成分。如果连接的是两个并列主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循“邻近原则”，即与最近的主语的单复数保持一致。Neither my parents nor I was there.我父母和我都不在那儿。(2)neither.nor.可连接两个平行结构。连接两个分句时，两个分句都需倒装。Neither do I want to know it; nor do I care about it.我既不想知道这件事，也不想了解这件事。3Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(1)用恰当词语填空(高考真题改编)Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.解析：句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过，但是她不喜欢这两座城市，然后搬到剑桥了。本题考查代词。由表示转折的连词but 可知该空表示否定的意思，前面提到两座城市，所以填neither。neither (2)用恰当形式填空Neither he nor I _ (be)the right person for the post at present.解析：句意：他和我都不是目前那个职位的合适人选。考查主谓一致。neither.nor.连接两个名词或者代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”的原则，根据I可知系动词be用am。am every time (that)在本句中担任从属连词，引导时间状语从句。I couldnt help being angry every time he laughed at me.每当他嘲笑我时，我总忍不住生气。Every time he plays football he is watched by many fans.他每次踢球时，都有很多球迷在观看。4So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。1)可以用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语有以下三类：(1)表示习惯、经常性：every time, each time, next time, the first/second./last time等；(2)表示瞬间变化，意为“一就”：the moment, the minute, the instant, the second等；(3)表示具体时间，意为“的那天/那年/”：the day, the week, the month, the year, the spring, the summer, the autumn, the winter等。He came out of the classroom the moment the class was over.一下课他就离开了教室。Next time you come in, please close the door.下次进来的时候，请把门关上。2)directly, immediately, instantly等副词也可以引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.这位绅士一来，你就立即带他进来。3)介词on/uponving或具有动作含义的名词，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。Some magazines pay on acceptance, others on publication.一些杂志采用稿件后即付稿酬，另外一些则要到发表后才付。On my return from work, I saw the door was open.我下班回家时，看见门开着。(1)补全句子每次你与别人交谈或写信息时，你都向别人展示了你的技能。_ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.解析：every/each time是用作连词的名词词组，引导状语从句，意为“每次时”。Every/Each time (2)用恰当词语填空Mark promised me that he would tell Frank my message the _ he met him when he returned to school.解析：句意：Mark向我承诺，他回到学校后，一见到Frank就把我的口信转达给他。the moment/minute/second/instant有连词词性，引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。moment/minute/second/instant 该句使用了not/never.until.句式，意为“直到才”。该句式中的主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。Was his father strict with him when he was at school?他在上学时，他父亲对他要求严格吗？Yes. He had never praised him until he became one of the top students in his grade.是的，直到他成为年级中拔尖的学生他父亲才表扬他。5He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道只有找到霍乱的病因，才能将其控制住。Hell never give up until his life comes to end.他直到死才会放弃。(他永不放弃，直到生命结束。)We usually dont have supper until my husband comes back.我们通常直到我丈夫回来才吃晚饭。注意：当not until引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。Not until I finished my work did I go home yesterday.昨天我直到干完工作才回家。对 not.until引 起 的 句 子 进 行 强 调 时 ， 要 把 not提 前 ， 即 It is/was not until.that.。I didnt recognize her until she took off her sunglasses.It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized her.直到她把太阳镜摘下来，我才认出她来。真题改编(1)(2016江 苏 34)Not until recently _ they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.解析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。did (2)(高 考 真 题 改 编 )Not until he went through real hardship _ (realize)the love we have for our families is important.解析：考查not until的倒装语序。Not until置于句首，主句使用部分倒装语序；realize动作与went同时发生，故填did he realize。(3)(高考真题改编)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.解析：考查强调句。句意：直到接近信的末尾她才提到了她自己的计划。It is/was not until thatclause是not until的强调句句式，故填that。did he realize that 该句中的suggest意为“表明；暗示”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气，动词用所需时态。The smile on his face suggested that he was glad to give his life for his country.他脸上的微笑表明他愿意为祖国献出生命。Are you suggesting (that) Im lazy?你言下之意是说我很懒？6The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种(看法)是人们在进食时把这种病(毒)引入体内的。(1)suggest意为“建议”，后接从句作宾语时，宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用should do，should可以省略。I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。(2)suggest后接动词时要用ing形式。The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，校长建议推迟运动会。His sleepy look suggested that the man was tired from his work and we suggested he (should)have a rest.他困倦的表情显示这个人工作累了。我们建议他休息一下。用恰当形式填空(1)The teacher suggested the composition _ (hand)in at once.His look suggested he was _ (puzzle)解析：句意：老师建议立即把作文交上去。他的表情表明他感到迷惑。第一个suggested意为“建议”，故其后面的宾语从句用“(should)动词原形”，且根据句意可知此处用被动语态；第二个suggested意为“暗示；表明”，空格处表示“他”的状态，即“感到迷惑的”，用puzzled。(should)be handed puzzled (2)Janes pale face suggested that she _ (be)ill，and her parents suggested that she _ (have)a medical examination.解析：句意：Jane苍白的脸色表明她病了，她父母建议她做一次体检。第一个suggested是“表明，暗示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，为一般过去时。第二个suggested是“建议”的意思，后面宾语从句用虚拟语气，固定用法为“(should)do sth.”，其中should可省略。was (should)have have sth. done句型表示“让某事由某人做”或“受到某种影响”“经历”“蒙受”等。I had my hair cut yesterday.昨天我理发了。She had her house damaged in the storm.她的房屋在暴风雨中遭到了破坏。7.liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。(1)have sb. do表示“用强迫或劝说的办法使某人做某事”，其后通常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。Mother had me post the letter at once.妈妈要我立即将信寄出去。Have him see a doctor.劝他去看看医生。(2)have sb.(sth.)doing 表示“让(使)某人做某事”“让某情况发生”。多强调“使保持的状态”这一含义。The two men had the lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。But we have never had women working in this part of company before.但我们以前从未让妇女在这个部门工作过。注意：have sb. do 和have sb. doing 都是“动词宾语宾补”结构。用恰当形式填空(1)(高考真题改编)They might just have a place _ (leave) on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可能在写作课上还留有位置，你为什么不试试？此处为have sth. done结构，故填left。left (2)Mrs.Brown was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ (repair)went wrong again.解析：句意：布朗夫人看到曾找人修过的洗衣机又坏了很失望。考查非谓语动词。have sth.done指“使某事被做”，本句中含有一个定语从句，先行词为the washing machine，并且从句用过去完成时态，故句中有两个had。repaired